Mikango Nyerere ukuwoneka bwanji? mphutsi antlion

Antlion wamba - ndicho chilengedwe chodabwitsa, kuli chimene chidalembedwa kwambiri mabuku ndi zokhudza sayansi. Weruzani nokha zomwe a mphutsi tizilombo n'zotheka kuchititsa yogwira ndi lapadera kwambiri kuposa akulu? Ndiyamika larva ake luso tizilombo ali ndi dzina ngati zachilendo. Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri? Ndiye kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Kodi nyerere-mkango?

Tizilombo ku banja la mikango nyerere a dongosolo Neuroptera. Izi ndi mwachilungamo lalikulu wachisomo zolengedwa yaitali (2-7.5 cm) thupi ndi mitundu iwiri iwiri ya mapiko mandala thumba, kuchuluka umene ukufika 55-80 mm. Ngakhale kuti angafanane, mikango nyerere zosavuta kusiyanitsa ku dragonflies pa tinyanga yaitali ndi wosakwiya ndege zigzaobraznoy unsembe. Komanso, nyerere zimenezi amatha, monga njenjete kuika mapiko kumbuyo. Amuna kuposa akazi wapatali m'lifupi mapiko ndi zina zina. Mutu wa banja ili anaika vertically. Club woboola pakati tinyanga tizilombo pang'ono thicken mapeto kapena mutu mapeto. The larva wa mkango nyerere akufanana Mafunso Chongani. Ndi wingless, ali teardrop mawonekedwe ndi okutidwa ndi lalikulu zenga zooneka ndi serrated nsagwada, amene kupereka chilombo choopsa. Mutu mphutsi lathyathyathya tinyanga pa izo siziri kuwoneka.

Kodi nyerere mkango moyo?

About 2500 mitundu ya banja ali antlions. Ambiri a iwo amakonda kutentha, choncho amapezeka makamaka m'mbali mwa nyengo otentha. Zoyambazo Soviet Union tizilombo amenewa amapezeka mu Crimea, ndi Caucasus ndi ku Central Asia.

Mu Russia, mikango nyerere akupezeka mu dera Leningrad. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa magombe a Gulf wa Finland ndi Nyanja Ladoga, moyo mmalire a St. Petersburg. tizilombo amenewa amasankha kukhala limodzi ndi nthumwi za mitundu yogwirizana, m'madera lotseguka mchenga ndi nyengo yofunda. mikango Nyerere amakhalanso mabacteria ndi steppe kum'mwera kwa Russia.

Chifukwa wotchedwa nyerere-mkango?

Kuyambira maonekedwe a zolengedwa lacewing kumvetsa iwo ali ndi dzina zachilendo zimenezi. Inde, kodi "Mkango", m'pamenenso "nyerere"? Iwo likukhalira kuti mamembala ake dzina la banja akuyenera makhalidwe a mphutsi yawo. Ngati wamkulu nyerere mikango - kukhala wachisomo ndi wowona, mphutsi yawo yoopsa ndi chitsanzo mwachibadwa kuchenjera ndi zolusa. The moyo lonse la mikango nyerere mu zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu za kukhalako umalimbana kukula ndi chitukuko, kotero mphutsi cha zolengedwa angakonze kusakasaka osatekeseka tizilombo ina ing'onoing'ono, Anawakopa mu msampha, ndi iwo kumwa kuyamwa. Popeza mphutsi zodya nyama zambiri nyerere, chimene adachipasula kale anadzetsa msampha, sangathenso kutuluka amphamvu mandibles voracious chilombo lacewing tizilombo otchedwa "nyerere mkango."

Kusaka "Mkango" pa nyerere

Pa roadsides kapena magombe mchenga mutha kuona Chigwa ndi awiri a 5-15 cm. maganizo Izi - kunyumba ndi Lovcen dzenje antlion. Mphutsi cha zolengedwa kusankha kwathu kuchoka mvula ndi mphepo, dzuwa ndi malo ouma mchenga m'mbali mwa fanulo mosavuta kutha tizivutika ndi tizilombo tina. Chilombo kukumba nyumba zawo mothandizidwa ndi amphamvu contractions mapeto a pamimba, ndi mchenga wa kugwa kuchokera pamwamba pa mutu adzamasulidwa mwadzidzidzi chikusesa. N'zochititsa chidwi kukula kwa digs nyuzi zimadalira njala mphutsi ndi. Mukamaliza, zolengedwa wapadera burrow kwambiri mumchenga kuti yekha kumutulutsira la nsagwada awo amphamvu. Kamodzi kuthamanga kudutsa nyerere akuyamba Wopanda mu dzenje okonzeka, ndi larva masamba pogona. Ngati wovulalayo akuyesera kutuluka, nyerere-mkango amayamba kutaya mchenga mpaka tizilombo siziwoneka pansi pa msampha okonzeka. Ndiye larva mpeni iye nsagwada zake zikuluzikulu. Nyama antlion kungakhale tizilombo nthawi zina kutali choposa kukula kwake. Koma lakuthwa nsagwada mphutsi kukumba mu wovulalayo mwamphamvu umalimbana patsogolo bristles pa thupi chilombo, monga nangula kudziphatika kwa nthaka. Alowa msampha wakupha zoyembekezeka kukhala kapolo wa chakudya kuchenjerera msaki.

chosinkhasinkha chakudya

N'chifukwa chiyani tizilombo anagwira pansi pa dzenje kwa nthawi yaitali ayi? Iwo likukhalira kuti nsagwada mphutsi zili ndi grooves wapadera, amene ali madzi poizoni m'mimba. Vsprysnuty mu thupi la munthu ochitiridwayo, poyamba analumala ake, ndipo kenako amayamba kudya innards ake. Nsalu kupha tizilombo pang'onopang'ono kukhala madzi, ndi larva antlion monga kumwa iwo, akuponyera achabechabe chitin chipolopolo. Zimenezi amatchedwa kunja chimbudzi. Ndi zosadabwitsa kuti larva sangabereke chimbudzi, nsana wake ndi midgut osati tilankhule wina ndi mnzake. Only tizilombo wamkulu akhoza amachotsedwa intestine ya mankhwala chakudya cha kuwola kuti anapeza kumeneko zaka wakale.

Kujambula chikhungwa

Nyerere mkango - tizilombo mphutsi ku kenako inasanduka mbalame chokhala ndi atombolombo. Zimenezi kumafunika nthawi. The larva wa mkango nyerere nyengo linakhalapo ali nthawi pawiri-m'nyengo yozizira. Kuchita izi, iye digs kwambiri mumchenga tulo.

M'chaka chachitatu cha larva kwasanduka pupa a. Kuchita izi, iye anali nayo woonda silky chingwe mbewu osiyana mchenga, ozungulira yekha ndi chikuku chamwana wandiweyani. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ndondomeko ya kulenga penti tizilombo ndi yosiyana kwa chilengedwe cha nyumba ngati mu zolembedwa zina. Ngati mbozi gulugufe ndi mphutsi sawyers ntchito kulenga webs sangathenso England, ulusi ndi mphutsi nyama antlion - secretions zotsatira tubules Malpighian anakonza mu hindgut tizilombo.

akadzakula

Theka lachiwiri la chilimwe - nthawi pamene nyerere-mkango, chachikulu ndi zosamveka, potsiriza osankhidwa Gulugufe. Ndi tsiku iye akadali akukhala mu chitsamba masamba, ndipo usiku ndi madzulo pang'onopang'ono ntchentche mu udzu ndi mitengo. Mkango nyerere adya mu m'badwo kugonana okhwima? Akuluakulu a m'banjali anakhala masabata ochepa chabe, ndipo pafupifupi kanthu kakudya. Iwo kulibe likuvutika zinthu anasonkhanitsa larva. Akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi wamkulu nyerere mkango nthawi zina amakhala mungu, koma cholinga chachikulu cha zolengedwa - kubalana. Zazikazi za banja kuikira mazira mu mchenga wouma. Patapita kanthawi angoyamba zolusa mphutsi.

chitetezo

mikango Nyerere amafunika kuwateteza. Malinga ndi kafukufuku komanso zimene timaona asayansi VA Krivokhatsky, palibe amene wakwanitsa kubweretsa zolengedwa ovuta zinthu yokumba. A kufala kwa mikango nyerere m'chilengedwe likuletsa ntchito anthu, amene mwachangu osauka malo awo achilengedwe. Anthu ambiri kusinthasintha mchenga milu ndi magombe nyumba zawo ndi zosangalatsa. M'nkhalango kukula pa dothi la mchenga, pali moto kuti awononge anthu a m'banja la mikango nyerere. Kupanga firebreaks m'nkhalango ya paini kukula pa mchenga ndi malire a zochita za anthu mu oyenera kuli madera nyerere mikango - zikhalidwe chachikulu kuteteza mtundu wapadera tizilombo. Mkango nyerere zili m'gulu la dera Red Data Mabuku a Karelia, Tatarstan ndi dera Tver.

mikango Nyerere mu chikhalidwe

US kum'mwera, pali chikhulupiriro kuti larva antlion akhoza m'chakudya chokoma mwa dzenje wotsirika wapadera. Nthano chomwecho analembedwa pakati pa anthu Australia, China, Africa ndi Caribbean.

Akhristu oyambirira didactic buku "Physiologist" Imafotokoza za antlion m'nthano. Ntchito lofalitsidwa ndi lingaliro la makhalidwe achikristu malinga ndi katundu wa nyama lodziwika bwino. Antlion m'menemo anafotokoza monga wosakanizidwa wa anthu awiri atakwatirana - nyerere ndi mkango. chilengedwe ichi m'nthano silingayende kufa chifukwa cha Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa awo hybrid: iye sangathe kudya zomera, monga nyerere, ndi kudya nyama monga mkango zimadya.

Mu Japanese luso Kusudama "nyerere-mkango" - ndi bwino mankhwala ozungulira pepala. Dzina la kuthyolako analandira, mwina chifukwa cha phokoso ndakatulo mawu zifukwa zina. Kusudama luso amatikumbutsa origami Komabe, losiyana kwambiri ku njira yake ya kulenga zitsanzo pepala.

Nyerere mkango kunyumba

Antlion akhoza kusungidwa kunyumba. Chifukwa chaichi chidebe lotseguka azithira wosanjikiza mchenga kutalika pafupifupi 5 cm. Tizilombo wina kumafuna recess osiyana masentimita 8-10 awiri. Chakudya antlions nyerere zotheka, crickets, ndi zipatso zimauluka Drosophila. Kukhala chakudya sakhala kunja kwa mpanda wa chidebe bwino afewetsedwa ndi mafuta odzola. Pamene larva kwasanduka pupa, ndi bwino kuphimba beseni chabwino mauna kwa mkango nyerere anali adakali, ndipo chitani mu ndodo mchenga kwa tizilombo atakhala kufikira mapiko potsiriza anaweramuka. Tsiku lotsatira, atachoka chikhungwa antlion bwino kumasulidwa ku chidebe, mwinamwake izo adzafa. Kuyangana zizolowezi za nyama adzakhala chidwi ndi nkhani osati ana komanso akuluakulu.