Mitundu ya makadi. Chochuluka kalata. Makadi ndi zofuna. makadi moni

Makadi ndi mapositi kadi maganizo ake makamaka. Iwo anafuna kuti kalata popanda envelopu, kuti ndi lotseguka. The mbali kutsogolo lili chithunzi zambiri m'ziwawa, kuti lili m'dera lonse. Kumbali pepala izo anaganiza kulemba osati uthenga, koma maadiresi a sender ndi munthuyo. Komanso, pali kuzilemba ndi kulipilira sitampu.

Nthawi zambiri ankachita masitampu kusindikiza pa khadi yokha. Komanso, mtengo malonda kale zikuphatikizapo wotumizira. Makadi si mail, ndiye yang'anirani iwo kumeneko, ndipo malo adiresi si anapereka. Chotero khadi kokha zolimba katoni kapena pepala muyezo kukula.

Amalembedwa ndi makadi unmarked

Amene anapanga positi ofesi, amatchedwa zaikidwa. Iwo nthawizonse kusindikizidwa malipiro wotumizira. Ngati khadi wa untagged (luso), ndiye zambiri danga kwa chizindikiro chilemba cha zimenezi. Nthawi zina molakwika yang'anirani zomatira luso (kutsogolo) Mu mbali. chosowa kwambiri zosinthika, pamene unali envisaged, kuti kuika chizindikiro kukhala kumbuyo. Chitsanzo ndi ena mwa mapositi kadi akale Soviet.

Anthu okhala mafanizo, akhoza zimachitika kaya luso kapena kuti filimuyi (mu mawonekedwe a zithunzi). Nthawi zambiri ndi odziwika bwino njira ntchito zawo - monga mphatso kwa oitanira kwa zochitika kapena Zabwino ndi mitundu yonse ya maholide.

A mbiri pang'ono

Makadi choyamba anaonekera pa malire a Austria-Hungary. Kuyambira 1869, pambuyo mankhwala a boma ali kudzadza makadi mtolankhani amene anasindikizidwa chizindikiro chipembedzo mu kreutzers angapo. Kumayambiriro posachedwapa Franco-Prussian nkhondo, magulu awiri ankhondo anagwiritsanso ntchito mapositi kadi zithunzi. Nthawi zina asilikali amene anatumizidwa kalata kwawo wamba, kupereka mawu amene amamwa chitsanzo.

Mfundo imeneyi anatengedwa amalonda. Malinga ndi Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana, woyamba zithunzi makalata-cholinga makadi (ie makadi) anali chikalata kapena France (mu Brittany), kapena Germany (Oldenburg). Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, yotereyi inayenda bwino, ndipo iwo anaonekera mu mayiko ambiri.

Kalata kugonjetsa Europe

Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri a atumwi XIX kupangidwa wakhazikitsidwa makalata akuluakulu a m'mayiko pafupifupi onse European - Switzerland, England, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Norway, Sweden ndi Italy.

Popeza 1878, pali anatengera ndi Universal Keyala Congress unachitikira ku Paris, mulingo wa positikadi. Poyamba, anali wofanana 9 × 14 cm, ndipo mu 1925 anayamba wofanana 10,5 × 14,8 cm. Mu mapositi kadi woyamba downside lonse unachitikira adiresi, ndipo kuyambira 1904, wachokera kwa theka kumanzere kwa akusowekapo kumanzere kwa uthenga mwachidule.

iwo anali

Mapositi kadi ku pempho osati anapanga pepala ndi makatoni. Panali zosowa makope ochepa a galasi, zitsulo, matabwa ndi zina zotero. N. mawonekedwe awo ndi kukula nthawi zina chodabwitsa kwambiri. Panalinso zosiyanasiyana yaikulu makadi options zokongoletsa, amene chokongoletsedwa ndi zipolopolo, miyala yokongoletsera, maliboni, nthenga, nakonza ndi ubweya ndi nsalu kaso, womangidwa ndi ulusi ndi mbedza kapena atakulungidwa ndi twayini. Zokha ngati mitundu zapamwamba makadi kwa Zabwino ndi tsiku zofunika tchuthi. Ndipo ena a iwo darilas nzeru kukumbukira.

makadi moni

Back mu masiku athu. Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makhadi tsopano? Wotchuka wa iwo - moni wodzipereka kwa tchuthi iliyonse. Ndipo iwo, monga ife tikudziwira, pali zambiri. Pali makadi ndi zofuna za onse kuti m'pofunika, ndi Khirisimasi ndi Chaka Chatsopano, ndi 8 a March, ndi February 23, ndi chidzatha liti n'kotheka, ndi kuti alipidwa "si wozungulira" akubadwa.

Musakhale maholide patali akatswiri, amene dziko lathu ndi ambiri. Inde, ndi chikondwerero ina Sindingachite popanda makadi yowala anzeru.

Business Makadi

Ina ya mtundu - amapeza. Izi makadi ndi mamangidwe mwadala anapanga kampani kapena malonda kalembedwe chabe. Kuwonjezera pa mutu wa fano, iwo akhoza okonzeka ndi dzina la kampaniyo, chizindikiro ndi deta zina zofunika. Gwiritsani ntchito monga oitanira ndi zochitika malonda, Zabwino zonse kwa abwenzi makasitomala.

Izi makadi mwapadera - gawo la fano amapeza. ntchito yawo - kudzionetsa yabwino pa olandira, pofuna kutsindika olemekezeka a kampani, kuti chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito zinthu mogwirizana amapeza.

Chabwino, ngati wopanda malonda!

A mtundu watsopano wa makadi - malonda. Iwo akukonda kwambiri chaka ndi kuyamba kukhala ndi kudziwa zina ndi osiyanasiyana ogula. Kusindikiza iwo ndi cholinga - ndicho, kuzifotokoza za yatsopano, mankhwala kapena mankhwala makamaka, komanso ntchito zoperekedwa ndi kampani, ndipo zosiyanasiyana ntchito zomwe zinakonzedwa.

Awa "timapepala ta" kwenikweni ndi yowala diso kugwira kamangidwe. Nthawi zina ndi makadi wokongola oseketsa - chifukwa malonda opanga kupita zidule aliyense mu kumenyera ufulu tcheru ogula. Onse zambiri malonda zogwirizana nthawi kusindikizidwa kumbuyo.

zina makadi

Mtundu wa makadi oitanira, ndi ambiri nawo kufala kwa mauthenga pa akutulukira zikondwerero munthu. Ndiko kuti, chidzatha liti, ukwati, etc. Kudziwitsa ntchito makadi kusindikizidwa ndi zochitika malonda - .. Ulaliki, zisudzo. Mu oitanira ngati kwenikweni ali ndi mfundo za tsiku, nthawi ndi malo kumene chochitika umachitika.

khadi akhoza kukhala payekha. Nthawi zambiri izo analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a zithunzi za addressee lapansi. Kupanga zikhoza kuonedwa panokha zochokera.

England - malo a makadi moni

Kumene, wotchuka kwambiri Baibulo - moni makadi. Iwo ali bwino ife kuti simungathe kulingalira ndekha popanda khalidwe Mulimonse kwambiri kapena zochepa kwambiri. Home kuti makadi amenewa amati England, kumene mwambo lavomerezedwa kulemekeza thandizo.

Izi zisanachitike panali mtundu wapadera wa makadi, izo analandira monga chotengera congratulatory lemba ntchito makadi ochiritsira malonda. Woyamba moona anatulukira ndipo anajambula moni khadi linatulutsidwa mu England mu 1840. Kuyambira pamenepo, nambala yaikulu mungachite kuti maonekedwe ndi mitu.

Ndiye ndipo tsopano

Kodi sanabwere ndi opanga loyamba makadi! Zipangizo zinalengedwera amagwiritsa zodabwitsa kwambiri. njira zambiri wawaiwala tsopano. wotchuka anali kamodzi khadi ndi maluwa - ndi zouma kapena yokumba. Iwo amapangidwa kuchokera mwa loko wa tsitsi, nthenga mbalame, mikanda, zikopa, veleveti, silika, labala ndi zina zambiri, nthawi zina zipangizo zosayembekezereka kwambiri. Zina mwa njira, tsopano anataya Mwachitsanzo, ntchito nsalu Zaveleveti, anapereka makadi moni zodabwitsa yapamwamba ndi zachilendo maonekedwe.

Kumene, makadi awa osowa makalata si anajambulitsa. Kamangidwe yekha wa makadi awa amayenera yakupereka nokha m'manja mwa wolandira.

Masiku ano, mungapeze yaikulu zosiyanasiyana makadi oyambirira ndi wokongola kwambiri moni ndi njira zosiyana za ntchito mu yamabuku iliyonse. N'zosadabwitsa aliyense makadi bulky, embossed kapena nyimbo. Graphic okonza ndipo okonza kupereka ntchito chitukuko ndi kupanga ndalama yekha.

Oseketsa makadi achinyamata osati.

Ndipo chimene chirichonse angapezeke mu kiosks ndi Mabukunso trays? A gulu osiyana - makadi ana. Apa ndi pamene okonza ndege ya zapamwamba si! Iwo akhoza kukhala kwambiri, zabwino kwambiri (makamaka amene achotsedwa kwa asungwana aang'ono). Angakhale osangalatsa - ndi makhalidwe zojambula zimaseketsa ndi olimbikitsa chikhalidwe, etc. Kuli khadi - .. A gulu osiyana. Anali kutchuka chomwecho mu achinyamata ndi achinyamata mitundu kulenga kwa makasitomala. Nthawi zina chithunzi ndi malemba - kwenikweni pa anangotsala pang'ono Monkey a. Koma monga ulamuliro, mphamvu opanga kukoma akadali sasintha.

Chifukwa cha luso lamakono ife tiri yodziwa cholinga awo enieni. Komabe, chojambulidwa pa makadi makatoni kokha wolemba sanaganize kusiya malo awo. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi gawo zachilendo moyo, wokhudza mtima ndipo nthawi zina munthuyo alidi wapatali kachikumbutso.

Kusankha chidwi ...

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, kusankha kwawo pa maalumali wa kiosks ndi Mabukunso mu dziko lathu lakhala m'malo okha ndi kusanduka angapo zithunzi muyezo. Ambiri a iwo anali banal ndithu khadi ndi maluwa. Koma tsopano, kuchokera zosiyanasiyana mitundu, mitu ziwembu chabe kumwaza maso. Iwe ukhoza kugula ichi kachikumbutso yosindikiza mankhwala kwa nthawi iliyonse.

N'komwe ndipo uli ndi zonse za maholide kudziwika ndi zochitika chabe kutumiza kaso uthenga pepala. Makadi zilipo kwa makasitomala ndi mphamvu osiyana ndalama - kuchokera bajeti yosavuta ntchito moona wapamwamba wa yosindikiza mabuku. Inu mukhoza kutumiza iwo popanda chifukwa chirichonse - basi kuyika maganizo kapena mawu a chikondi. Oseketsa makadi moni kuthandiza kuti mtendere pambuyo mkangano anzanu mwachisawawa kapena banjali.

Khadi monga chizolowezi

Mwa ojambula zithunzi ndi okonza mdzakazi zofufuzafufuza tinkering wakhala yapamwamba makadi moni ndi manja awo. Mphatso imeneyi, anapanga payekha, nthawi zonse amanyamula chidutswa cha moyo. Iye akhoza kuchotsa maganizo anu ndi kusunga kukumbukira yaitali sender lapansi.

Kupanga mapositi kadi kukopera ali ndi kagawo kakang'ono osiyana mwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zimenezi - m'malo zovuta zofuna pamaso pa luso ndithu, kulawa, luso m'nyumba ndi chidziwitso cha ngakhale ndizosowa kuwerenga maganizo. Kuchidziwa makadi awa, muyenera kukhala bwino zosiyanasiyana zina zabwino - kuchokera mumaganiza mbiri ndi chi asindikiza iwo nyengo ya Tirhana na Timatheriyali.

Ntchito yaikulu ya khadi moni - kuchepetsa maganizo ndi zofunika kuti zimayikidwa patsogolo mu nkhani iyi zili mu kapangidwe zokongola ndi zachilendo, pamodzi ndi kuphweka ndi kufupika. Nzika zogwirizana ndi mwambo wake. Ndipo anapanga mapositi kadi wamakono wa khalidwe ndi zipangizo yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.