Mkulu wa Nkhaka: kufotokoza zosiyanasiyana, makhalidwe, kulima, ndemanga

Yowutsa mudyo ndi crispy nkhaka Mtsogoleri amatha kuthetsa ludzu lake m'chilimwe kutentha. Anathandizira kuwonetsekera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya azimayi achi Dutch, ndipo izo zikuwatsimikizira bwino dzina lake lovomerezeka.

Mitundu yophatikiza parthenocarpic ya nkhaka

Kukolola, kukolola ndi kukolola - ndizo zomwe zimakondweretsa anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi alimi a zamasamba ambiri. Ndicho chifukwa obereketsa maiko onse atsimikiza kubzala mtundu wosakanizidwa wa parthenocarpic mtundu.

Chikhalidwe chawo ndi:

• Kukaniza mitundu yambiri ya matenda, yomwe ndi yofunikira makamaka pakukula masambawa m'munda.
• Zokolola kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi ndizopambana kwambiri kuposa zowonjezera zosakanizidwa ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti nkhalango za nkhaka za parthenocarpic zimakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu kwambiri.

• Nthawi ya fruiting yawo imakhalanso yotalikira, ndipo mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, Mtsogoleri wa Nkhaka, akhoza kufesedwa kawiri pa nyengo ndi kusonkhanitsa zokolola zomwezo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, zomwe ziri kumapeto.
• Mitengo ya kutentha pamagulu a parthenocarpy samakhudza, zomwe sitinganene za mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena nkhaka zosakanizidwa.
• Malo odabwitsa a masambawa ndi kusakhala kowawa, ngakhale ndi kusungirako kwautali.

Mtsogoleri wa Nkhaka f1 ndi wa mtundu umenewu ndipo ali ndi ubwino uliwonse.

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

Odyera ku Dutch amapanga mtundu wamitundu uwu wobiriwira kuti azipita kunja, koma alimi okongola a ku Russia amatha kuyesa zokolola zake mu malo otentha ndipo amapereka ndemanga zapamwamba zokhudzana ndi izo. Mitundu yabwino ya nkhaka, choncho amalankhulidwe ndi alimi a masamba, ndi wamaluwa, ndipo izi zimachokera ku "pedigree".

Mtsogoleriyo ndi woimira mitundu ya parthenocarpic hybrid. Zimasiyanitsa ndi tchire ndi timene timapanga timene timakhala timene timakhala ndi maluwa. Amapereka ambiri ofananira nawo mphukira ndi mtolo wa mtundu wa ovary.

Mkonzi wa Nkhaka amatanthauza mtundu wosakwanira wa zomera ndi masamba ambiri obiriwira. Ngati mukulitsa mitundu yofanana ndi yotentha, imatha kukolola miyezi 9-11. Alibe choletsedwa kukula, kotero mukufunikira kupanga bwino ma tchire. Monga lamulo, mpaka maluwa atatu aakazi amapangidwa mu sinus limodzi.

Pamene akunena za Mtsogoleri wa nkhaka za ndemanga za alimi a galimoto, amasiyanitsa ndi zokolola zambiri, ndipo kuthekera kokolola mbewu ziwiri pa nyengo kumamupatsa chidwi kwambiri. Kuyambira kufesa kwa koyamba kukolola kumatenga masiku 40-45. Kutha kwake kulimbana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kumawathandiza kuti afesedwe mofulumira kwambiri kuposa kalembedwe kachilendo.

Kufotokozera kwa Greens

Mtengo wa zipatso zake ndi Mtsogoleri wa nkhaka wotchuka f1, izi zimazindikiridwa ndi aliyense amene adawayesa. Zelenieni zonse zimasiyana mofanana ndi masentimita 12.5 m'litali. Mdima wobiriwira wamtunduwu umakhala ndi chifuwa chochepa ndi pang'ono poyera pubescence.

Mtsogoleri wa Nkhaka ali ndi thupi lakuda, labwino kwambiri komanso lopweteka. Zitha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, zimanyamula zoyendetsa bwino ndipo zimakhala zogulira saladi komanso zosungirako. Otsitsi a Dutch adatha kupanga mtundu wosakanizidwa, umene umatchuka chifukwa chosapanga void mu zamkati, zomwe mitundu ina yambiri imakhala nayo.

Kulemera kwake kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitunduyi ndi 70-85 g, ndipo zokolola m'munda ndi 300-360 c / ha. Zikakhala kuti munda umathiriridwa, umapita ku 390 c / ha ndi zina.

M'mundawu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka imadziwikanso ndi zomwe zimapangidwira kumbuyo kwa zokolola zina; choncho, zaka zitatu zokha (zinalowa mu zolembera za zomera za Russian Federation mu 2013), zinapindula kwambiri pakati pa minda yaing'ono ndi nyengo za chilimwe, komanso pakati pa zikuluzikulu zamagetsi.

Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana

Ogulitsa (a Dutch Nunhems firm) adathandizira kufotokozera kwa Mtsogoleri wa nkhaka ubwino wake wonse. Kuwonjezera pa zokolola zazikulu, pakati pawo zimakonda kwambiri ogula ndi:

• Tchire cha zomera izi ndi zamphamvu ndi zapamwamba, zosavuta kusamalira.
• Chinthu chachikulu chimene chimakhala ndi nkhaka zabwino kwambiri ndi makhalidwe a zipatso zake, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi Mtsogoleri.
• Maonekedwe ofunika kwambiri ndi kusowa kwachisoni ngakhale ndi yosungirako nthawi yaitali.

• Ali ndi nthawi yayitali ya fruiting. Mbeu zake zikhoza kufesedwa kawiri pa nyengo ndikukolola mbewu ziwiri, kuchotsa masamba otsiriza mpaka chisanu choyamba.
• Kulimbana ndi matenda ambiri omwe amapangidwa mu nkhaka.
• Iye saopa kachilombo ka chikasu cha nkhaka ndi powdery mildew.
• Chabwino imalekerera mthunzi, kotero sizimafuna kuti mabedi ovomerezeka akhale omasuka.
• Amapereka zokolola zambiri zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira m'mphepete zam'madzi komanso m'malo otsekemera.

Sizingatchedwe kuti ndi zopweteka kuti amapereka njira zambiri zomwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi, kuti zokolola zisachepetse chifukwa chodandaula kwambiri pa mizu ya mbewu. Apo ayi, zomwe akunena ndi kulemba za Mtsogoleri wa nkhaka, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi wozipanga, onse pamodzi zimatsimikizira kuti izi ndi zabwino kwambiri zobala zipatso ndi zipatso zokoma.

Mbali za kulima Mtsogoleri wosiyanasiyana

Mbeu ndi njira yowonjezera yowonjezera nkhaka. Kuti afulumire, alowetsedwa m'madzi kapena njira yapadera yomwe imathandizira kukula kwa mbewu, kwa maola 10-12, mutatha kufesa kutenthetsa, kutenthetsa nthaka yomwe inakonzedwa kale poyambira kapena mabowo.

Kuchuluka kwa kufesa sikuyenera kupitirira 4 masentimita, ndipo chiwembu - 50x50 masentimita. Opeza wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala mbewu zosaposa ziwiri, ndipo zikamera ndi masamba omwe alipo kale, zimatheka kukana ndi kuchotsa mbande zofooka.

Nthawi yabwino yofesa nkhaka Mtsogoleri ndikumapeto kwa April - May, pamene mpweya unasintha mpaka 22-24, ndi nthaka - mpaka 14 mpaka madigiri. Pofuna kuteteza nyembazo, bedi lokonzekera liyenera kupukutidwa ndi kuchiritsidwa ndi njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate.

Monga lamulo, malo abwino kwambiri kwa Mtsogoleri adzakhala bedi pambuyo pa kabichi kapena mbatata, ndipo popeza chomera sichimafunanso kukhalapo kwa dzuwa, mukhoza kusankha malo ochepa.

Kukula kumamera

Ngati pakufunika kukolola msanga, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yobzala nkhaka Mtsogoleri. Kuti mukhale tchire cholimba, muyenera kudziwa zotsatirazi:

• Zakudya zokonzedweratu za mbande zimadzazidwa ndi nthaka yokonzeka yosakaniza masamba (mungathe kudzikonzekera), mukupatsidwa mankhwala ochepa a potaziyamu permanganate kapena "Extra-saline-55", osankhidwa malinga ndi malangizo pa phukusi.
• Mbewu imafesedwa mu dzenje losapitirira 2 cm.
• Tsamba loyamba likadatsanulidwa, m'pofunikira kupanga feteleza yoyamba ndi feteleza ovuta, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku kemira.
• Musanayambe kukwera kale tchire, m'pofunika kuchita mankhwala osakhudzana ndi kukula kwa biostimulator, mwachitsanzo, mungagwiritse ntchito "Epin".

Nkofunika: Mtsogoleriyo ayenera kuikidwa pamtunda wamtunda wa 50x60 masentimita pakati pa tchire pamtunda waukulu wa mbeu zosiyanasiyana. Mtunda wokhala mumsewu ukhale 80 masentimita - 1 mamita. M'pofunika kumatsatira lamulo lakuti sipangakhale zoposa zinayi pabedi lotseguka pa m ² , ndi zitatu mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Kusamalira nkhaka

Ngakhale kuti mtsogoleriyo amaonedwa kuti ndi wodzichepetsa, omwe amalimi ambiri amamukonda nthawi yomweyo, kumusamalira kwake kumayenera kuchitidwa. Zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• Ngati nkhaka imakula mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuthirira madzi otentha ayenera kuchitidwa poyanika poyamba. Pamunda, makamaka pamasiku otentha, mumatha kumwa madzi tsiku ndi tsiku, koma madzulo, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha ndi ofunda.

• Kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kuchitika 3-4 nthawi pa nyengo, yomwe n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zitosi za mbalame kapena manyowa, kuchepetsedwa m'madzi ofunda.
• Zovala zapamwamba za Foliar zachitika masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu (10-14), chifukwa izi mungagwiritse ntchito kuchepetsedwa kovuta mchere feteleza.
• Ngati Mtsogoleri wa Nkhaka akukula m'munda, ndiye kuti akuyenera kusinthana pambuyo pa tsamba 8 mpaka 9 likuwonekera pachithunzi chachikulu. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, izi zosiyanasiyana zimapanga mapangidwe a tsinde.

Chofunika: pofuna kupewa, mukhoza kupopera zomera ndi fungicides, koma izi siziri zofunikira. Mitundu imeneyi imatetezedwa mokwanira ku matenda ndi tizirombo ngakhale pa siteji ya excretion.

Kuyerekeza ndi mitundu ina

Ngati mukuwona zofanana ndi zokolola zina za nkhaka pamsika, Director of differenthenocarpic zosiyanasiyana amatsutsana ndi maziko awo ndi zokolola zakutali, nthawi yambiri ya fruiting ndi masamba omwe ali ndi kukoma kwabwino popanda mkwiyo. Chinthu china chosiyanitsa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi Mtsogoleri wotsogolera kawiri kawiri, zomwe zimalola kukolola kawiri, kuchotsa nkhaka zotsiriza kale pa chisanu choyamba.

Ndemanga za alimi

Zaka zitatu ndizofupikitsa kwambiri kuti alimi ambiri azitsamba adzidziwe bwino ndi watsopano wa Dutch, koma omwe ayesera, amadziwa bwino kwambiri pazigawo zonse: zokolola, kukaniza matenda, kusamalidwa bwino komanso kukoma kwa masamba. Nkhalangoyi ili ndi tsogolo labwino ku Russia ndi madera a chilimwe.