Pagoda ndi Buddhism "nyimbo" zomangamanga

Kuyamikira, kudzikondweretsa ndi zozizwitsa zowonongeka, zimabwera pakuganizira komanso kuyendera zipembedzo, nthawi zambiri ku China ndi Japan, India ndi Vietnam, Cambodia ndi Korea, Thailand ndi maiko ena akulalikira Chibuda.

Zozizwitsa katundu

Pagoda ndi nsanja yamapiri yambiri yamatabwa (obelisk, pavilion) yokhala ndi zokongoletsera ndi zokolola zambiri. Poyamba iwo anachita ntchito ya chikumbutso, kusunga zinthu zambirimbiri - mabwinja a Buddha ndi mapulusa a amonke. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapepala oyambirira kumatchulidwa kuti chiyambi cha nthawi yathu ino.

Atawonekera ku China, amafalikira kumadera akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndi ku Far East. Malinga ndi nthano zachikale zachi China, zikunja zachipembedzo zinkakonzedwa kuti zichiritse anthu ku matenda, kumvetsa choonadi panthawi yosinkhasinkha, komanso kupeza mwayi wokhala wosawoneka kwa adani. Komabe, zochitika zambiri zoipa za anthu zinapangitsa kuti mazikowa ayambe "kubisa" mphamvu zawo zodabwitsa.

Chuma Chamtengo Wapatali

Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "pagoda" pamasulidwe enieni ochokera ku Chipwitikizi (pagoda) ndi Chisanki ("bhagavat") ndi "nsanja ya chuma". Makonzedwe ambiri amtundu wamakono adasunga cholinga chawo choyambirira, koma kupeza alendo kwa ambuye omwe alipo alipobe. Nyumba za Park zimagwira ntchito yophiphiritsira, kukopa alendo ambiri ndi zokongoletsera zapadera komanso mwayi wofufuzira malo ozungulira kuchokera kumtunda uliwonse. Koma mwa iwo sangathe kuwona miyambo ndi zinthu zopatulika.

Kukongola kwakukulu kwa nyumba zopatulika, mwakhama pamodzi ndi mtendere wamtendere, kukumbukira, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi nyumba yachifumu. Imperial Pagoda ndi nyumba yokhala ndi apamwamba komanso apamwamba, omwe ali ndi mataya achikasu, mtundu umene umaimira mphamvu yaikulu.

Zosintha zamakono

Oyimanga a ku China anamanga nyumba pa teknoloji yapachiyambi yochokera ku mtengo wa matabwa "dougun", potanthauzira kutanthauza "chidebe ndi mtengo." Pofuna kumanga nyumba zoterezi, sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito msomali umodzi wachitsulo. Ataika zipilalazo mwatsatanetsatane ndikuziika pamtanda, Chinese zinayika chimango, chomwe chidakumbidwa ndi denga lopangidwa ndi matalala aakulu. Koma chochititsa chidwi kwambiri: kutsogolera zipilala, Chinese zomwe zinamangidwa mapiramidi a matabwa a matabwa, zitsulo zazikulu zomwe zinali pamwamba, ndi nsonga - pamwala. Zotsatira zake, katundu yense amagwera pa brusochki, mosiyana ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe ake ndipo amatchedwa "dou" - "chidebe", motero, "mfuti" - "phokoso".

Choncho, chikondwererochi ndi chodabwitsa chomwe makomawo samanyamula katundu. Amagwira ntchito za magawo ndipo amakulowetsani mawindo ndi zitseko pa nambala iliyonse.

Zinthu zovuta

Apodasi oyambirira kwambiri a Chitchaina amamangidwa mofanana ndi malo osanjikizana, ndipo pambuyo pake nyumba zimakhala zakhala zisanu ndi chimodzi, zisanu ndi zitatu ndi khumi ndi ziwiri-mbali, zina. Mukhoza kupeza nyumba zamatabwa ndi miyala, koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njerwa, chitsulo ndi mkuwa. Chiwerengero cha magulu akale achikunja achi China nthawi zambiri amakhala osamvetseka, omwe amodzi ndi nyumba zomwe zili ndi ma 5-13. Akatswiri opanga mapulani amamanga amamanga nyumba zokongola kwambiri mozizwitsa ndipo zimapanga malo osungirako mapulani. Mwachikhalidwe, nyumba zoterozo zinamangidwa m'dera lamapiri, kutali ndi zigawo zam'munsi za China.

Pagoda ku Shanxi Province, nyumba ya nyumba

Chochititsa chidwi ndichapadera cha pagoda 9 (kutalika kwake ndi mamita 70) m'dera la Shanxi, yomangidwa zaka zikwizikwi zapitazo. Imeneyi ndi nyumba yakale kwambiri yamatabwa padziko lapansi, yosungidwa mpaka lero. Ndipo chodabwitsa cha chotsutsa-choyimana chithunzi chinachipulumutsa ku zivomezi zambiri zowononga.

Anthu achikunja achi China omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zachifumu akugogomezera ukulu wa mfumu. Denga lokoma, losanjikiza, lopangidwa ndi ziŵerengero za mbalame ndi zinyama, zimatulutsa madzi amvula kuchokera pansi pa nyumbayo. Izi zimakuthandizani kusunga makoma a matabwa kuchokera ku chinyezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyumbazi zikhale zolimba.

Pagoda wa ku Japan - nyimbo ya Buddha

Kulenga mkhalidwe wa uzimu, ndi mwambo m'munda wa Japan kuti umange mahema a Buddhist pa mapiri, zachilengedwe kapena zopanga. Mwachizoloŵezi, ndi makonzedwe a mundawo, zipata zoyamba zimayikidwa, ndipo kenako Japanese pagoda, yomwe ndi chinthu chapakati chophatikizapo zinthu.

Kutalika kwa nyumbayi sikutanthauza china chirichonse kupatula ... miyala yamwala, yomwe ikhale 1.5-2 peresenti kuposa ya pagoda. M'dziko lotuluka dzuwa, zikhoza kukhala zazing'ono (mpaka mamita 1), zili m'munda wamaluwa. Ndipo izi zikutanthawuza kuti mu gawo la kuwonekera palibe nyali zamwala konse. Malingana ndi zida zapamwamba, pagoda ndilopangidwa ndi miyala yosiyana ndipo imakhala ndi malo apansi pansi. Chigawo chake chowonekera ndi trapezoid ndi mbali zokhota. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti miyala ya pagoda ya Japan siikonzedwenso kwa wina ndi mzake, ndipo kumangidwe kumasungidwa ndi kulemera kwawo. Kotero, pamene iyo imangidwe, kulingalira mwakuya ndi kulondola ndi kofunikira kwambiri.

Kulimbana ndi malo okongola kwambiri mumlengalenga ndi amzimu, ma podasi ambiri amalamulira, zosiyana mmaonekedwe, mitambo ndi mitundu yowala. Nthawi zonse amachititsa chidwi ndi kukondweretsa munthu.