"Mole", Sholokhov: kusanthula ntchitoyi

Zaka za Nkhondo Yoyamba Padziko Lonse, kusintha, makamaka nkhondo yapachiweniweni, zakhala mayeso kwa anthu onse a ku Russia. Ma Cossacks anazindikira zotsatira za zochitika za ndale kwambiri. Omwe amasulidwa mwaulere mwachibadwa anthu sangagwirizane ndi mfundo yakuti moyo wokhazikitsidwa, moyo wokhazikika ukugwa. Koma choipitsitsa sichinali ngakhale icho. Kugawidwa komwe kunachitika pakati pa anthu kufalikira kumbali zosiyana za zomangira za anansi oyandikana nawo, amzawo okondedwa komanso anthu a m'banja lomwelo.

Ndalama zambiri zidalandiridwa ponena za zoopsya za nkhondo yapachiweniweni komanso kuwonetsa mphamvu zake pamapeto a anthu ndi wolemba M. Sholokhov. Ntchito "Rodinka", yomwe inalembedwa mu 1924 ndipo yomwe inayambitsa chiyambi cha "Don Stories", inali yoyamba mu ntchito yake, kumene choonadi cha nthawi yovuta imeneyo chinawonetsedwa. Ndipo chifukwa cha buku lachidziwitso la "Quiet Flows Don", momwe mlembiyu adafotokozera mwachidule nkhani yonseyi, wolembayo adapatsidwa mphoto ya Nobel.

Zizindikiro za fano la Cossacks Sholokhov

"Nkhani za Don" zinakhala zofunikira mu mabuku a makumi awiri. Sizinali zofanana ndi zomwe zinalengedwa panthawi ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu za Soviet ndi olemba mabuku. Cossack choloŵa cholowa ndi kukonzekera bwino kwa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku pa Don, M. Sholokhov adayambanso kubwezeretsanso mwachinthu chochepa cha ntchito yodabwitsa komanso njira ya moyo wa anthu amderalo. Anasamala kwambiri za zikhulupiliro ndi zolinga zamakhalidwe abwino, zoyambirira zokhudzana ndi kukoma mtima ndi umunthu, koma anadutsa kunja kwa nkhondo.

Maganizo a nkhaniyi anali ovuta. Ambiri ankachita manyazi ndi chilengedwe komanso kusagwirizana ndi chiwonetsero cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni, koma izi ndi zomwe zinapangitsa wolembayo kufotokoza zenizeni za vutoli. Izi ndizo mfundo zomwe Sholokhov analemba polemba nkhani ya "Birthmark".

Chidule cha ntchito: kudziwa ndi Nikolka

Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndi chophweka ndipo chimamangidwa motsatira ndondomeko ya nthawi ndi zochepa zomwe zimachitika kale. Munthu wamkulu ndi Nikolai Koshevoi, mkulu wa asilikali a Red Army squadron. Nikolka amatchedwa mnyamata wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu wazaka zazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ndi a Cossacks ozindikira, amene amamulemekeza chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwake ndi kulimba mtima kwake. Ngakhale adakali wamng'ono, adatsogolera gululo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndipo adatha kupatukana magulu awiri panthawiyi. Mwa ichi chachikulu chinali choyenera cha bambo ake, wotchuka Cossack, "sginuvshego" ngakhale mu nkhondo ya Germany. Ndi amene adalimbikitsa mwana wake kukhala wolimba mtima, wopirira, wokonda akavalo: zaka zisanu kapena zisanu adamuphunzitsa mwana wake kuti akhalebe m'thumba. Ndipo kuchokera kwa bambo anga anapita ku Nikolka (ndipo izi zidzakhala maziko oyendetsera ntchito ya Sholokhov) chizindikiro chobadwira kumanzere kumanzere, kukula kwa dzira la njiwa.

Cholinga cha chiwembu ndi kalata yoperekedwa kwa mkulu wa asilikali ndi nkhani yokhudza maonekedwe oyera a chigawo. Kufunika koyankhulanso kumapangitsa mtsogoleriyo kumva chisoni chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa moyo wake wankhondo: "Phunzirani ... kenako gululo."

Wotchuka Ataman

Poyerekezera malemba awiri amphamvu, nkhani ya Sholokhov "Birthmark" imamanga. Kufufuza kwa dziko la okalamba Cossack, yemwe sanaone nyumba yake kwa zaka 7, ndi gawo lotsatira la ntchitoyo. Anadutsa ukapolo wa ku Germany, adatumikira ndi Wrangel, anapita ku Constantinople, tsopano anabwerera kudziko lakwawo komwe anali mtsogoleri wa gululo. Ataman akulefuka chifukwa cha zaka, akuwona kuti chinachake chikumukweza iye kuchokera mkati, iye sapereka mpumulo.

Masiku atatu gululo linathawa kuchokera ku gulu la asilikali a Nikolka, kenako linakhazikika ku miller, yomwe inauza asilikali a Red Army. Ndipo tsopano wamng'ono ndi wolimba Cossack akuthamangira kwa aaman. Maso ake okwiya, akadali osasoweka pa nkhope ndi chikhumbo chake chofikira cholinga chake - ngakhale chipolopolo sichinamuletse iye - chinadzutsa mkwiyo wa ataman. Kuphatikiza apo, ziboliboli pachifuwa chake zimalankhula momveka bwino za msilikali. Mtumikiyo adamuwulukira, ndipo ndi lupanga lakuthwa thupi lake lidali lopunduka. Zomwe zinachitikirazi zinapambana pamtunda wautsikana. Kenaka, pogwiritsa ntchito zikopa, Cossack wakale anatulutsa chrome boot kuchokera kumapazi ake, ndipo pansi pake (mozizwitsa moona mtima ndi mwamtima, nkhaniyi ya Sholokhov) ndi birthmark. Kusanthula kwa nkhaniyi ndi kovuta kwambiri pa zochitika izi, zomwe zakhala zomaliza pa nkhani yonse.

Anthu otchulidwa m'nkhaniyi ndi otsutsana ndi nkhondo

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, adaphunzira zambiri za mwana wamwamuna, ululu ndi chisoni zinadzaza moyo wake: "Nicholas! .. Mwazi wanga ... ..". Mliriwu wamagazi ukufalikira kumbali zosiyana za anthu achibadwidwe, kuwapanga adani osagwirizana. Bambo sakanakhoza kukhululukira yekha kuphedwa kwa mwana wake - iye anafungatira mano ake ndi "zitsulo Mauser" ndipo anathamangitsidwa. Choncho mwamvetsa chisoni anamaliza nkhaniyo "Rodinka" Sholokhov.

Kufufuza kwa kufotokoza ndi khalidwe la olembawo akuwonetsa momwe nkhondoyo inali yonyansa kwa chikhalidwe chawo, makamaka Nikolka. Kuchokera pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu iye anayenera kumenyana, ndipo pa khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu anayang'ana kale atatopa ndi moyo: ndi gulu la makwinya maso, anawerama. Cholinga chake chokhala ndi maphunziro sichinakwaniritsidwe. Nthaŵi yokhayo yokha inalipo kwa Nikolka kukumbukira mtendere wa mtendere wamtendere, pamene amayi anali adakali ndi moyo, ndipo bambo sanatchulidwe kuti akusowa. Zithunzi zosangalatsa izi zikuwonekeratu kuti kunyoza kwake kunali lingaliro la kufunikira kubwerera ku nkhondo. Choncho kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, "Mole" Sholokhov (mfundo zochepa zokhudzana ndi msilikaliyo zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa china chilichonse) zimamveka momveka bwino kwa wowerenga kuti nkhondo ndi chinthu chachilendo, chachilendo kwa umunthu. Iye akulota kubwerera ku moyo wamtendere ndi momwe angalime munda ndi wakale wakale, amene anayesa kuti amusiye chiyembekezo chopanda chiyembekezo.

Zolemba zamakono kuntchito

Kulankhulana kosavomerezeka ndi kufotokozera mwachidule kumakopa ntchito "Rodinka". Sholokhov - nkhani yokhudza nkhaniyi ikugwirizana ndi izi - imalimbitsa lingaliro la masautso potembenukira ku mafano okongola a miyambo. Kawiri kawiri pofotokoza za ataman, nkhandwe imatchulidwa. Poyamba ichi ndi kufanana kwakukulu, kulingalira kwa Cossack wakale ndi mtsogoleri yemwe "wathyoka" wa phukusi, yemwe akuyenda mofulumira. Mawu oyankhulidwa amathandiza kumvetsetsa bwino maganizo a msilikali. Kenaka, madzulo a nkhondo yoopsa, mmbulu kutsogolo kwa anthu akudumpha kuchoka mu chipikacho, kumamvetsera ndikubwerera mofulumira. Mwa mwambo, nkhandwe inkaimira anthu a njala, okwiya, nthawi zambiri nyama yokhawokha, yomwe imamveka chisoni kuposa mantha. Izi ndi zomwe ataman wakale akuwoneka kuti ali m'nkhaniyi.

Sholokhov amauza mdani wina mu nkhani "Rodinka". Kufufuza kwa malo otsiriza ndi vulture, omwe madzulo a tsiku lomwelo pamene kuphedwa kwachitika, kumatuluka pamutu wa ataman ndi kusungunuka mlengalenga, akusonyeza wolefuka, wozunzidwa moyo wa Cossack amene achoka mthupi ndi kukwera mmwamba.

Mfundo izi zimathandiza wolembayo kuti aziwonetsa kuti kuzunzika kwa mwamuna kunang'ambika ku moyo wamtendere ndikukakamizika kuchita zaka zoposa 7 chifukwa cha zomwe moyo sunapange.

Zochitika pamoyo wa wolemba

Kukhudzidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha Sholokhov pofotokozera zochitika za Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe zafotokozedwa ndikuti mu 1918-19 iye anali pakati pa kukangana koyera ndi kofiira mu likulu la Elanskaya. Mlembiyo adawona kuti nkhanza ndi nkhanza zankhanza zija, ndipo pomwe adagwidwa ndi Nestor Makhno, koma atatha kufunsa mafunso. Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1920, Sholokhov mwiniwakeyo "anatumikira ndi kudera lamtunda m'dera la Don." Malinga ndi kuvomereza kwake, iwo adathamangira magulu a magulu awiriwa.

Pomaliza, kumene wowerenga Sholokhov

"Rodinka" - nkhani yonseyi silingasiye aliyense wosayanjanitsika - zimakupangitsani kuganizira mozama kuti panthawi yovuta ya chiwonongeko ndi anthu osakondana amayamba kuwawa, amaiwala za umunthu ndi chifundo. Wolemba sanena dzina labwino ndi lolakwa pa izi, komanso m'nkhani zina, chifukwa chakuti muzochitika zotere sizingatheke. Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe yakhala yowopsya, yomwe sikuyenera kuyiwalika - Sholokhov akufuna kutchula izi. Mulu (kusanthula nkhaniyo kumabweretsa izi) kumakhala chizindikiro cha ubale wosatayika: ku Nicholas ndi zofanana ndi za atate. Chifukwa chake, mukumenyana kwa ankhondo (bambo amene anakulira mwana woyenera) palibe wopambana, izi poyamba zimatsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha umunthu.

Tanthauzo la Sholokhov Don Don

Nkhondo yapachiweniweni inakhala ngozi yeniyeni, chifukwa chake miyezo ya makhalidwe inathetsedwa kwathunthu ndipo mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa anthu unawonongedwa. Izi zikugogomezedwa ndi nkhani "Mole" Sholokhov. Kusanthula kwa zochita ndi malingaliro a ankhondo ndi chitsimikizo cha lingaliro limeneli. Ntchito yoyamba imayika kamvekedwe kake lonse, ndipo wina ndi mzake zithunzi zoopsya zimakhala zamoyo, kunena za chisoni chosadabwitsa cha umunthu. Komanso zingakhale zabwino kulankhulana ndi anthu onse okhala padziko lapansi: "Anthu, bwerani m'maganizo anu! Ngati mbaleyo apha mbale wake, ndipo bambo - mwanayo, ngati chirichonse chozungulira iye chikumira m'nyanja yamagazi, bwanji ndikupitirizabe? "