Moyo ndi zilandiridwenso Bunin. Mitu Timagalasi Bunin

The kwambiri Russian wolemba Uthenga Nobel Prize, ndakatulo, wolemba nkhani wina, zolembalemba, wotsutsa ndi wolemba prose komanso womasulira. mawu zimenezi ntchito, zomwe wakwaniritsa ndi zilandiridwenso Bunin. Moyo wonse wa wolemba wakhala Mipikisano faceted ndi chidwi, nthawi zonse anasankha njira zake sanamvere amene anayesa "kumanganso" malingaliro ake pa moyo, iye sanali nawo anthu onse zolembalemba, makamaka chipani. Iwo akhoza zimachitika anthu amene anali osiyana mu ntchito yake.

Akale ubwana

October 10 (pansi Art. Kalendala) 1870 mu mzinda wa Voronezh, anabadwa mnyamata wamng'ono, Ivan Bunin, mbiri ndi zinthu zomwe m'tsogolo adzasiya kotsalira owala mu mabuku Russian ndi dziko.

Ngakhale kuti Ivan Bunin anali mbadwa ya banja wakale mfulu, ali mwana wake zinachitika osati mu mzinda waukulu, ndipo mmodzi wa nyumba ya makolo (linali ndi famu yaing'ono). Makolo sitikanakhoza ganyu namkungwi payekha. Pa nthawi imene Bunin anakulira ndi kuphunzira nyumba, wolembayo anakumbukira moyo kangapo. Izi "golide" nthawi mu moyo wake, ananena zabwino zokha. Ndi kuyamikira ndi kulemekeza anakumbukira kuti wophunzira pa University Moscow, limene, mogwirizana ndi wolemba, ndi kudzutsidwa iye kumulakalaka mabuku, chifukwa, ngakhale zaka zake wamng'ono, mabuku oyamba, amene kuwerenga Ivan pang'ono, anali "Odyssey" ndi "The ndakatulo English." Ngakhale Bunin yekha ananena kuti uyu anali kutsogolera koyamba kwa versification ndi kulemba ambiri. Wokwanira anasonyeza oyambirira luso Ivan Bunin. ndakatulo A wapeza mawu a wowerenga wake talente. Iye mwangwiro kuwerenga ntchito zawo, ndi kulimbikitsa omvera dullest.

Phunziro sekondale

Pamene Vanya zaka khumi, makolo anga anaganiza kuti anali atafika m'badwo pamene ndi kale n'zotheka kupereka kusukulu. Choncho Ivan anayamba kuphunzira pa Elets zolimbitsa thupi. Nthawi imeneyi iye ankakhala kutali ndi makolo awo, ndi achibale awo Yelets. Chikuonetseratu ku sukulu ndipo anayamba kuphunzira zina zinasintha kwa iye, chifukwa mnyamata amene moyo wake wonse pamaso pa iye ankakhala ndi makolo ake ndipo pafupifupi anali ndi zofooka zake, zinali zovuta kwenikweni azolowere latsopano moyo mzinda. The malamulo atsopano ndiponso rigor ya malamulo oletsa a m'gulu moyo wake. Kenako anakhala mu nyumba za lendi, komanso sanali womasuka m'nyumba izi. Phunziro sekondale inatenga yochepa nthawi, chifukwa patapita zaka 4 anachotsedwa. chifukwa anali kulephera kulipira tuition ndi kujombajomba ku tchuthi.

njira externa

Ndipotu adapitilira Ivan Bunin anakakhala chuma cha agogo ake womwalirayo mu Ozerki. Motsogozedwa ndi m'bale wake wamkulu Julius, iye galamala Inde kumachitika mofulumira zokwanira. Ena zinthu zimene ankaphunzitsa kovuta. Ndipo anali ngakhale chaka yunivesite. Julius, m'bale mkulu Ivana Bunina, nthawi zonse ankasiyana erudition. Choncho, iye amene anathandiza mng'ono ku sukulu. Pa Julia ndi Ivan anali ubwenzi wawo ndithu. Pachifukwa ichi, iye amene anakhala owerenga woyamba ndi wotsutsa oyambirira ntchito Ivana Bunina.

Mfundo yoyamba

Malinga ndi wolemba yekha, luntha lake tsogolo anakopeka ndi nkhani za abale ndi abwenzi, ndipo anamva kumene anakhala ubwana wake. Kumeneko iye anaphunzira woyamba ndi intricacies ndi peculiarities lilime mayi anamva nkhani songs, lomwe m'tsogolo wathandiza wolemba kupeza poyerekeza wapadera mu ntchito zake. Zonsezi ndi njira yabwino bwanji talente Bunin.

Iye anayamba kulemba ndakatulo ali aang'ono. Bunin zilandiridwenso anabadwa, tikhoza kunena kuti wolemba tsogolo zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha. Pamene ana ena onse kungophunzira kuwerenga, Ivan pang'ono unayamba kale kulemba ndakatulo. Iye ankafunitsitsa bwino, maganizo kudziyerekeza ndi Pushkin, Lermontov. Mosangalala kuwerenga ntchito Maikova, Tolstoy, Fet.

Pa chiyambi cha zinthu akatswiri

Choyamba anaonekera kulisindikiza Ivan Bunin, nayenso, mu m'badwo mwachilungamo wamng'ono, ndicho zaka 16. Moyo ndi zilandiridwenso Bunin zambiri nthawi zonse zogwirizana. Chabwino, izo zinayamba, ndithudi, kakang'ono, pamene awiri a ndakatulo wake afalitsidwa: ". Village wopemphapempha" ". The manda S. Ya Nadsona" ndipo Pa chaka, khumi yabwino ya ndakatulo ndi nkhani ya woyamba "Anayendayenda awiri" ndi "Nefedka" wake anasindikizidwa. zochitika izi zinali chiyambi cha mabuku mabuku ntchito ya ndakatulo kwambiri ndi novelist. Nthawi yoyamba zinaperekedwa mfundo yaikulu ya ntchito zake - munthu. Mu ntchito ya Bunin mutu wa zamaganizo, moyo zinsinsi kukhala chinsinsi mzere womalizira.

Mu 1889, achinyamata Bunin, mchikakamizo cha kunachitika-demokalase anzeru magalimoto - populists, amayenda pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake Kharkov. Koma posachedwapa iye anakhumudwa mu gululi, ndipo mwamsanga nkuyenda kuchokapo. M'malo mogwirizana ndi populists, Iye adapita kumzinda wa Eagle ndipo kumeneko ayamba kugwira ntchito yake "Orlovsky boma yotchedwa Gazette". deta yake yoyamba ya ndakatulo lofalitsidwa mu 1891.

chikondi choyamba

Ngakhale kuti pa mitu moyo wa zilandiridwenso Bunin zinali zosiyanasiyana, pafupifupi lonse woyamba m'buku la ndakatulo zinapatsira ndi nkhani ya mnyamata Ivan. Monga pa nthawi iyi wolemba anali chikondi choyamba. Iye anakhala m'banja aboma ndi Varvaroy Paschenko, amene anakhala imasonkhezera wolemba. Choncho kwa nthawi yoyamba kusonyeza chikondi ntchito Bunin a. Young zambiri kukangana, sanali kupeza chinenero. Chirichonse chimene chinachitika mu moyo pamodzi, nthawi iliyonse chinamupangitsa iye anakhumudwa ndi kuganiza, ndipo ngati chikondi ndi ofunika zitsanzo ngati zimenezi? Nthawi zina ankaoneka kuti wina safuna kuposa kuti adali pamodzi. Choyamba chinali kuletsa bambo Barbara kwa ukwati wa achinyamata, ndiyeno pamene iwo kuchita chisankho moyo m'banja aboma, Ivan Bunin mosayembekezeka wapeza kwambiri a kuipa mu moyo pamodzi, ndiyeno kwathunthu anakhumudwa ndi izo. Kenako Bunin zimapangitsa mfundo okha, kuti iwo Varvara yosayenera kwa wina ndi mnzake mu khalidwe, ndipo posakhalitsa achinyamata ndingozisiya. Pasanapite nthawi Varvara Pascenco n'kukwatira wina Bunin. Izi zinabweretsa zambiri kwa wolemba wamng'ono. Iye anakhumudwa ndi moyo ndi chikondi kwathunthu.

ntchito kuberekana

Panthawi imeneyi, moyo ndi ntchito ya Bunin si choncho ofanana. Wolemba wasankha nsembe wosangalala, ntchito zonse zapatsidwa. Nthawi imeneyi, ndi owala onse akutuluka ndi chikondi oopsa ntchito Bunin a.

Pafupifupi nthawi imodzi kuthawa kusungulumwa, anasamukira m'bale wake Julius mu Poltava. Mu mabuku pali nyamuka. nkhani ake amasindikizidwa m'magazini kutsogolera ntchito zolembalemba, iye ayamba kutchuka. Mitu Timagalasi Bunin makamaka odzipereka kwa munthuyo, chinsinsi cha moyo Asilavo, zazikulu Russian chikhalidwe ndi chikondi chosadzikonda.

Kamodzi 1895, Bunin anali mu St. Petersburg ndi Moscow, pang'ono ndi pang'ono anayamba kulowa kwambiri zolembalemba milieu imene ndi organic kwambiri zoyenera. Apa iye anakomana ndi Bryusov, Sologub, Kuprin, Chekhov, Balmont, Grigorovich.

Kenako, Ivan akuyamba zizigwirizana ndi Chekhov. Iwo Chekhov Bunin ananeneratu kuti "wolemba lalikulu" atero kwa izo. Kenako chidwi ndi kulalikira makhalidwe a Tolstoy, Ivan kumupanga iye fano awo ngakhalenso nthawi zina kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi malangizo ake. Bunin anafunsa Tolstoy omvera ndi kulemekezedwa kukumana ndi wolemba kwambiri yekha.

A siteji latsopano mu njira kulenga

Mu 1896 Bunin amayesa yekha mu udindo wa womasulira wa zosemasema. Mu chaka chomwecho anafalitsa kumasulira ntchito za Longfellow a "Nyimbo ya Hiawatha." Mu ntchito iyi kumasulira Bunin onse adamuwona mbali inayo. m'nthawi yake anazindikira anayamikira luso lakeli, anayamikira ntchito ya wolemba. Ivan Bunin analandira kumasulira Pushkin Prize la mlingo woyamba, umene limene lachititsa wolemba, ndipo tsopano wotanthauzira, ngakhale zambiri amanyadira zipambano zawo. Ulemu ngati mkulu Bunin anakhala kwenikweni Titanic ntchito. Ndipotu, anamasulira ntchito zimenezi pamafunika khama ndi luso, ndi wolemba anafunika kuchita zambiri ndi kuphunzira English zawo. Chifukwa cha kusinthika anasonyeza anapambana.

A ulendo wachiwiri kukwatira

Kukhala motalika free, Bunin kachiwiri kukwatira. nthawiyi anasankha mkazi Greek, mwana wamkazi wa olemera emigrant A. N. Tsakni. Koma banja, monga otsiriza, wabweretsa chimwemwe wolemba. Patapita chaka chimodzi, a banja la mkazi kumanzere kwake. Mu banja, iwo anali ndi mwana. Little kumukweza Kolya m'ngolo anafa ali aang'ono kwambiri, pa zaka 5, kuchokera meninjaitisi. Ivan Bunin adakwiya imfa ya mwana wake. Kotero apo panali moyo wamtsogolo wa wolembayo kuti ana iye sanatero.

zaka pakati

Buku loyamba la nkhani yochepa lotchedwa "Pa nsonga ya dziko" mu 1897. Pafupifupi onse otsutsa anayamikira wokhutira ndi zabwino kwambiri. Patapita chaka akubwera zosonkhanitsira ina ya ndakatulo, "Pansi pa thambo lotseguka." Ndi ntchito izi ndipo anabweretsa kutchuka wolembayo mu mabuku Russian a nthawi. Bunin a mwachidule kulenga, koma pa nthawi yomweyo capacious, anapereka kwa anthu, limene wofunika kwambiri ndipo analandira talente mlembi.

Koma kwenikweni lalikulu kutchuka prose Bunin anapambana mu 1900, pamene nkhani ya "Antonov maapulo" linasindikizidwa. Iwo amalenga ntchito zochokera kukumbukira wolemba wa m'mudzi mwana. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ikusonyeza bwino chikhalidwe ntchito Bunin a. Kuti nthawi osasamala ubwana ndi lingathandize mwa iye maganizo ndi wanga kukumbukira zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Owerenga mutu kumizidwa mu kukongola yophukira oyambirira, amene amakopeka wolemba, pamene kusonkhanitsa Antonov maapulo. Pakuti Bunin ndi anavomereza wake, anali mtengo kwambiri, ndi zosaiŵalika kukumbukira. Zinali zosangalatsa, moyo weniweni ndi kusasamala. Koma kutha kwa fungo wapadera wa maapulo - mofanana ndi kutha kwa onse kuti wolemba wabweretsa kwambiri zosangalatsa.

Atamunamizira chiyambi mfulu

Ambiri ankamuona ambiguously mtengo zophiphiritsa "fungo la maapulo" ntchito "Antonov maapulo" chifukwa khalidwe chimakhudzana kwambiri zapiringizana ndi chizindikiro cha otchuka, amene, chifukwa cha magwero a Bunin sanali achilendo kwa iye. Zimenezi zachititsa chakuti ambiri a m'nthawi yake, monga limakhulupirira Gorky, kunali ntchito zotsutsa Bunin, nanena kuti fungo Antonov maapulo zabwino, koma iwo fungo konse demokalase. Komabe, Gorky yomweyo anati chisomo mankhwala mabuku ndi luso Bunin.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Bunin atamunamizira chiyambi chake wolemekezeka kanthu. Iye anali mlendo wodzimva kapena kudzikuza. zambiri pamene kuyang'ana osayenera ntchito za Bunin pofuna kudzionetsa kuti wolemba chisoni kutha kwa serfdom ndi anthu otchuka a kusalaza yokha. Koma Bunin mu ntchito yake atsata maganizo osiyana kwambiri. Iye sanali chisoni kusintha kwa dongosolo, ndipo chisoni kuti moyo chitadutsa, ndi chakuti ife tonse anakonda mtima kamodzi zonse, koma inachokera m'mbuyomu ... Ndi zomvetsa chisoni kuti suulinso ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko mbadwa ndi kukongola kwake.

wolemba kuyendayenda

Ivan Bunin moyo unali pa mtima munthu kulenga. Mwina chifukwa chakuti kwa nthawi yaitali iye konse anadwala, wokondedwa, kuti apite kumizinda osiyana, kumene nthawi zambiri anasolola malingaliro pakuti ntchito zawo.

Popeza October 1900 anayenda ndi Kurowski Ulaya. Iye anapita Germany, Switzerland, France. Patangotha zaka 3 kuyambira mnzanga wina - Wolemba wina Naydenov - anabweranso ku France, anapita ku Italy. Mu 1904, chidwi ndi khalidwe la Caucasus, aganiza kupita kumeneko. Ulendo sikunapite pachabe. ulendo kudutsa zaka zambiri Bunin anauziridwa ndi lonse mndandanda wa nkhani "mthunzi Birds" imene imakhudzana ndi Caucasus. Nkhani zimenezi ndi dziko anaona 1907-1911 gg., Ndipo anaonekera kwambiri kenako nkhani cha 1925 "madzi ambiri" analimbikitsanso ndi chikhalidwe chosangalatsa m'derali.

Panthawi imeneyi, kwambiri momveka bwino zikupezeka mu chikhalidwe cha ntchito za Bunin. Zinali mbali ina ya ndalama ya wolemba - kuyenda essays.

"The chida chopezera cha chikondi chanu, kulisunga ..."

Moyo wa Ivana Bunina anthu ambiri. Ena anatsekeredwa natuluka moyo, ena anakhala nthawi yaitali. Chitsanzo cha ichi chinali Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva. Bunin anakumana ndi mayiyu November 1906, ku nyumba ya mnzake. Nzeru ndi ophunzira m'mafakitale ambiri, mkazi kwenikweni anali mnzake wapamtima, ndipo ngakhale atamwalira, anali kukonzekera kufalitsa mapepala ake. Iye analemba buku "The Life of Bunin", amene anayika nkhani zikuluzikulu ndi chidwi ndi moyo wa wolemba. Iye anawauza mobwerezabwereza kuti: "Popanda inu kuti ine sindikanati ndalemba chilichonse. Iye wapita! "

Apa, chikondi komanso aluso mu moyo Bunin a kamodzinso kupeza mzake. Mwina ndi nthawi kuti Bunin, anadza kuzindikira kuti iye anapeza adafuna kwa zaka zambiri. Iye anapeza mkazi uyu lake lapamtima, munthu amene nthawi zonse amuthandiza mu kamphindi loletsedwa, comrade amene sadzalola osakhulupirika. Popeza mnzake moyo wake anakhala Muromtseva, wolemba ndi mphamvu yatsopano ankafuna kulenga ndi kuyambitsa zinthu zatsopano, chidwi, openga, kuti anapatsa mphamvu ya moyo. Zinali nthawi yomweyo n'kudzuka kachiwiri wapaulendo, ndipo kuyambira 1907 Bunin anayenda theka la Asia ndi Africa.

kuzindikira lonse

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1907 mpaka 1912 Bunin sanaleke kulenga. Ndipo iye anali kupereka wachiwiri Pushkin Prize m'chaka cha 1909 chifukwa cha "ndakatulo 1903-1906". Apo pakubwera kwa mumtima wa munthu ndi ntchito za Bunina I O akamanena za zochita za anthu, zimene wolemba anali kuyesa kuwamvetsetsa. Palinso sankawabisira Mabaibulo ambiri zimene anachita chimodzimodzi wanzeru kuposa imene ntchito yatsopano.

11/09/1933 chochitika zinachitika, omwe anakhala chimake cha ntchito mabuku a wolemba. Iye analandira kalata, kuwadziwitsa kuti Bunin anali kupereka ya Nobel Prize. Ivan Bunin - woyamba Russian wolemba amene anali kupereka izi mphoto yapamwamba ndi mphoto. ntchito yake anafika pachimake - ndi otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. Kuyambira pamenepo anayamba kutchulidwa zabwino bwino ntchito yawo. Koma Bunin sanaleke ntchito zawo ndipo kodi wolemba wotchuka, wagwira ntchito mwakhama.

Mutu wa chilengedwe ntchito za Bunin akupitiriza zatenga amodzi a malo waukulu. Ambiri wolemba analemba za chikondi. Ichi chinali chifukwa otsutsa kuyerekeza kulenga Kuprin ndi Bunin. Inde, pali zinthu zambiri zofanana pa ntchito zawo. Iwo achiyankhulo losavuta mtima, wodzala lyricism, wofewa ndi mwachibadwa. otchulidwa sizinatchulidwe woonda kwambiri (kwa mfundo maganizo view.) Apa, mu muyeso wa sensibility, anthu kwambiri mwachibadwa.

Yerekezerani kulenga Kuprin ndi Bunin akupereka chifukwa kudziwa ziwalo wamba malonda awo, monga tsoka zomvetsa chisoni protagonist ndi ziganizo kuti chimwemwe ndi malipiro operekedwa, kukwezedwa chikondi pa maganizo ena onse a anthu. Onse olemba ndi zilandiridwenso amanena kuti tanthauzo la moyo mu chikondi, ndipo kuti munthu anapatsidwa talente, chikondi, tiyenera kum'lambira.

Pomaliza

moyo lalikulu wolemba ankafunika pa November 8 1953 Paris, komwe iye ndi mkazi wake anasamuka pambuyo chiyambi cha Yofiira Zoopsya mu Soviet Union. Iye anaikidwa pa Russian manda a Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.

Bunin zilandiridwenso mwachidule kukufotokoza sangathe. Ine analenga moyo wanga kwambiri, ndipo ntchito yake iliyonse kuchilingalira.

N'zovuta Musaone anathandiza osati mabuku Russian koma mabuku dziko. ntchito zake ali otchuka mu nthawi yathu, kuyambira pakati pa achinyamata ndipo mwa anthu achikulire. Kwenikweni ndi mabuku amene alibe msinkhu ndi nthawi zogwirizana ndi olimbikitsa. Ndipo tsopano wotchuka Ivan Bunin. Wambiri ndi ntchito ya wolemba amapanga zosiyanasiyana komanso wodzipereka kulemekeza.