NAFTA - ndi ... North America Free Zone Trade. NAFTA: zolinga

NAFTA - ndi North America ufulu wochita malonda Zone lomwe ndi mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko monga America, Canada ndi Mexico. Pa gawo la limati awa anapanga m'dera la msika limodzi. pangano yosainidwa pakati pa mayiko a mutu wake mu 1994. Mu mgwirizano wa dziko pangano ndi mbali ya gulu, achita okha kuti mu zaka khumi zotsatira ndi kwathunthu kuthetsa miyambo ndi zotchinga pasipoti. Komanso, mayikowo anagwirizana kukhazikitsa malamulo mapangidwe mpikisano chilungamo ndi chilengedwe cha Nzofunikira kwa gulu lopanda ntchito ku likulu.

anatsatira malamulo

Kuyambira mfundo malamulo a view ya NAFTA - ndi modernized US-Canada pangano pa ufulu wochita malonda, omwe anali Mukalowa mu 1988. Ngati tikambirana mgwirizano pakati pa maiko awiri monga chodabwitsa zandale, amuchita America anachita ndondomeko mtundu wa kusakanikirana European, kuphatikizapo maphunziro, chinachitika mu 1992.

NAFTA kuthandiza kuganizira chitsanzo cha European Union mu mawonekedwe a pazachuma. kusiyana ndi kupanda kudzipereka ndale mapangidwe matupi supranational. Ichi ndi chifukwa mayiko otukuka zosiyanasiyana: America ndi Canada kwambiri anayamba m'madera ndi Mexico - ndi mbali mwachangu osauka. NAFTA n'chosiyana kwambiri mayiko EU pa nambala koma kwambiri kuposa izo, osati mu mawu a GDP, komanso mawu alionse. Ndizachidziwikire kuti ndi NAFTA - ndi akuluakulu a dziko lapansi mgwirizano zachuma.

Kodi ziyembekezo za mgwirizano anatsegula?

M'mayiko membala wa NAFTA kudzera mgwirizano itakula ndi malonda ndi ubwenzi zachuma, motero osati anatsegula njira yatsopano ya chitukuko, panali lonse mndandanda wa malamulo. America ndi pang'ono anasamutsidwa ndi gawo la Mexico, mafakitale anayamba kuitanitsa osiyanasiyana katundu ku dziko kuti pa mitengo m'munsi poyerekeza ndi imports mankhwala ofanana kuchokera America.

Ikufanana ndi kulalikira mwakhama mu msika ntchito US monga zikusefukira mphamvu mu Mexico. Zakulitsa vuto la deflation. Pakuti Mexico, anatsegula chitseko ku msika US ndi mayiko ena, buku la ndalama zakunja chawonjezeka, kuphatikizapo kukongoza kwa chuma cha boma.

Pankhani benefiti zachuma, ali m'mayiko osauka ndi munthu wina amaganiza. Patsogolo ankangotsatira osankhika. Mogwirizana basi kucheza dongosolo ziziwayendera Canada. Iye anakwanitsa kupewa zikuluzikulu de A-mafakitale ndi kuwonjezeka wolowa mafakitale. Ntchito yaikulu ya Canada anali kuchita zinthu ngati mkhalapakati timakhala pakati pa United States ndi mayiko Latin American.

Kodi m'gulu chiphunzitso cha NAFTA?

Zoni yekha chuma lofunikira ya mapangano, amene akugwira ntchito osati ntchito ndi ndalama, koma amanena za mgwirizano wa mayiko olemera. madongosolo monga ndichisangalalo za ntchito malonda North America monga:

• Kupeza misika ndalama.
• Ukutitsimikizira.
• Services ndi ufulu nzeru katundu.
• zogula boma.
• Njira kutsatira mfundo.
• Pakhomo kwa amalonda.
• Kuthetsa mikangano.

Maudindo a States Member

Zoni yekha chuma zoyikidwa pa limati membala malamulo ena. Choncho, America, Canada ndi Mexico akuyenera kukhalabe ku dziko lawo tariffs miyambo mu mawonekedwe a malonda ndi mayiko lachitatu.

Ovomerezedwa ndi kayendedwe ufulu wa katundu patapita nthawi Transitional wa zaka 10 (nthawizina zaka 15) m'dera la yogwirizanitsa zachuma. ulamuliro imakhudzanso katundu amene amadziŵika kuti adzamasulidwa ku United States, Mexico ndi Canada. pangano Cholinga bwino zikhalidwe za malonda mu misonkhano, atakhala limagwirira ndalama mangawawo.

pangano sankafuna kubwezeretsa zosakhalitsa chitetezo kwa ena mafakitale, amene anataya katundu chifukwa cha imports siyana zina katundu. NAFTA mayiko mndandanda wa lopatsidwa pamwamba, ayenera kutsatira kuchotserapo ena ku boma ambiri ubale ufulu chuma.

Mwaiwala zimene malamulo

Against limakhala kukhazikitsa zone ufulu wochita malonda pena amene sagwirizana ndi pangano. Choncho, m'kati mwa gulu NAFTA (North America Trade Free Area) apitiriza kutsatira mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Mexico wasunga bwino kuti asanene zoletsa ntchito yachilendo mu gawo mafuta.
• Canada ali ndi ufulu asagwiritse mwayi kwa magulu ena a zomwe ndi zofunika zina mwa mbali chikhalidwe. Izi wailesi ndi kupanga mafilimu, mabuku mabuku ndi nkhani yopanga.
• The United States anapitiriza bwino kuthandiza msinkhu mulingo woyenera wa mitengo zoweta, pa kusamala machitidwe zogula mu gawo la ulimi.

Kulunjika wa Kupha ntchito

Zonsezi mu chimango cha mgwirizano anawagawa m'magulu atatu. Izi gulu makampani (kupatulapo mankhwala nsalu), ulimi nsalu Gulu ndi zovala palimodzi. Pakuti aliyense gulu mankhwala ndi achilendo ndandanda yanu payekha kuchepetsa chindapusa. Kuyenera anati za kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa tariffs magulu osiyana katundu. Pomalizira cholinga cha kugwirizana kwa NAFTA amaika zambiri zofunika kwambiri. Patangotha zaka 5-15 izo zakonzedwa kupasula ambiri a ntchito.

Pakuika ntchito mu chimango cha kucheza, etc.

Monga mbali ya kucheza NAFTA dziko limene anthu ake tatchulazi, pali 5 mfundo yaikulu ya chitetezo cha ndalama zakunja ndi likulu lawo. Ali:

• Pakalibe tsankho mu gawo la Investor.
• Kupha lathunthu la malamulo a ndalama komanso zopereka zawo.
• Free kayendedwe ka utuluke zonse ndalama, amene mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi ndalama za.
• Expropriation (ngakhale pansi malamulo adziko lonse lapansi).
• Tsegulani yoyenera kutsatira milandu udindo padziko lonse pamaso pa kuyan'anila za chakudya cha pangano.

pangano amapereka udindo kwa kuphwanya ufulu chuma pa eni luso, zotetezedwa ndi nzeru katundu. malamulo Current, amene amalola kudziwa malo a ulimi wa chofunika kwambiri. Choncho, mankhwala amagwira ntchito mu State m'gawo limene iye anali processing lalikulu (masamu ngati anthu a).

zolinga kucheza

NAFTA - ndi zikuluzikulu dera ufulu malonda zone ya anthu pakati miliyoni 406 anthu ndi ophatikizana GDP a $ 10,3 thililiyoni. Mapangidwe tandem chifukwa chiwerengero cha magawo ndi mndandanda wa zolinga, amene anali chikwaniritsidwa. The prerequisites wa gulu ali motere:

• The zikuchokera kwa NAFTA chifukwa cha moyandikana Hrs wa limati membala. Komanso, chikhalidwe cha chuma, titero matanthauzo ikuthandizira. Chinthu chomwecho wachititsa ndi kuyanjana dongosolo naphthyl. Likulu la mgwirizano wa umodzi ayi. Iwo zitatu Ottawa, Washington ndi Mexico City.
• Pakati States chiyambi pafupi Gona ndi mataye malonda zachuma, panali patsogolo mgwirizano mafakitale.
• Mu Canada ndi Mexico, chiwerengero cha makampani US ndi mwadongosolo kuchuluka. Mu America zimasangalala m'mayiko osiyanasiyana Canada.
• Mwakhama kulimbikitsa udindo wa osati EU komanso Japan.

bwino ndithu, ndi NAFTA kucheza unakhazikitsidwa zimene zifukwa. Nawo mayiko kusainira mgwirizano, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mgwirizano ndi atsata angapo zolinga. intensification Izi malonda kudzera kuwonongedwa kwa chiletso aliyense, kulenga wathanzi malo mpikisano, kukopa ndalama, kupereka mkulu mlingo wa chitetezo cha nzeru katundu. Mgwirizano sichitha kukula ndi lero, nthawi zonse kuwonjezera dera ake pamudzipo.