Nature wa dera Perm. Zomera ndi nyama ya m'dera Perm

Perm dera - dziko la chilengedwe chodabwitsa, nkhalango nayonso, wowoneka mapiri, m'zigwa, mapanga, kudya loyenda mitsinje ndi nyanja pristine. Nawu zosiyanasiyana malo a dziko, ambiri ndithu zomera kawirikawiri ndi nyama. Nature wa dera Perm, chikhalidwe wapadera dera anakopeka alendo kuchokera kalelo.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mpaka chiyambi cha m'ma XVIII, dera limene panalinso dziko lalikulu la chiyambi cha Kama kwa Ural mapiri kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa ndi malire chapamwamba za Pechora mtsinje kumpoto kwa mtsinje Chusovaya kumpoto ndi kum'mwera, amatchedwa Great Perm.

Woyamba amene anaonetsa chidwi m'dziko chachikulu ichi, anali amalonda Novgorod. M'zaka za m'ma XIV anali Otsutsa, m'mphepete uyu anali kusokoneza Muscovy. Pambuyo ndawala yaikulu lankhondo la Prince Ivan III mu 1472 anakhala woyamba Great Perm Gawo mu Urals, amene muyaya anakhala mbali ya boma Russian. Kukula mofulumira kudera Perm ikusonyezedwa ndi chochitika chofunika m'mbiri. Pali kukula midzi Russian. Kuloŵerera a m'mayiko ena itakula kwambiri kwa zaka za m'ma XVI, amalonda pamene unayikidwa ndi industrialists Stroganoff.

The zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha m'dera Perm anakopeka atsamunda latsopano. Ndi lero mmodzi wa zigawo Russia yaikulu mafakitale ndi m'zigawozigawo cholowa chikhalidwe zidzasintha zinthu zachilengedwe.

Pa mphambano ya Europe ndi Asia

Kudera, yomwe ili pa mphambano ya mbali ziwiri za dziko, chimakwirira pafupifupi limodzi mwa magawo asanu a chigawo Ural zachuma. Malo a m'gawo lake mu Kama beseni aipatsa njira yapadera njira kudzera mwayi kwa nyanja zisanu - White, Baltic, Caspian, Black ndi Azov.

Flora ndi zinyama

mtundu wa "kumalire" malo a m'dera mukopedwe mapangidwe nyama ndi zomera ake. Nyama ya m'dera Perm makamaka umaimiridwa ndi mitundu yeniyeni ya ku Ulaya. Kuli mitundu pafupifupi 60 ya nyama zakuthengo, pa 40 ya nsomba, 270 mitundu ya mbalame, komanso mitundu yambiri ya zokwawa komanso achule. Kwa adani ambiri marten, pali nkhandwe, nguluwe, mimbulu, wolverines, yoongoka, stoats. Kukumana pano mphalapala, zimbalangondo ndi amphaka.

Wokwanira akukumana ndi akufunika kuteteza hedgehog wamba, muskrat, mink.

Dera muli nyanja, mitsinje, zithaphwi, floodplains atachuluka, nkhalango. Mu nkhalango grouse wamba, capercaillie, chickadees, crossbill, grouse. Wa mbalame zosamukasamuka anapeza Mbalame, kumeza, starlings.

The zomera ndi yosiyanasiyana. Izo zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zigawo derali. The zomera ambiri a m'dera Perm - paini, spruce, larch, Oil, mkungudza pine. Iwo apanga thambo lonse la nayonso, anakafika kwa mazana makilomita.

M'chigawo chakumwera ophatikizana deciduous ndi nkhalango coniferous. Apa pali mitengo ikuluikulu-Ndalankhula monga thundu, Elm, Elm.

Mu kumpoto, ndipo pali zambiri m'madambo pakati pa deralo. The otsetsereka a mapiri Ural yokutidwa ndi m'nkhalango ya paini. Kumpoto kwambiri a m'dera - mwala kurumniki ndi Titafika pamalo osauka.

M'dera Perm limakula pa 130 mitundu ya zomera, zomwe kukuteteza boma. awiri nkhokwe chikhalidwe ndi nkhokwe angapo chikhalidwe zili m'dera Kama. Flora ndi zomera m'mphepete wapatsidwa kwambiri chidwi.

The kukula zimakhudza anthu pa chilengedwe akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa mu chiwerengero cha nyama zambiri kawirikawiri ndi zomera, ndi kugawikana a anthu ndipo ngakhale mofulumira wathunthu wa nambala ya zamoyo. Izi mwapadera kalozera boma ngati Red Book wa dera Perm, ali ndi mawu zomwe zimayambitsa odziwika apitirira, taganizirani ngozi ndipo ambiri amayesetsa kubwezeretsa anthu.

Wapadera m'mphepete

Ngakhale mizinda, Wamkulu Perm ndi lero, pali mpweya wa masiku amakedzana. Zokwanira limaonetseratu kuda Wamkulu Ataliatali, cholowa cha zomangamanga wakale, migodi ndi chitukuko zitsulo, nthano, chikhalidwe ndi zachilengedwe monga ngati olumikizidwa pamodzi.

Perm Region ali angathe kudzachita zosiyanasiyana zokopa alendo kaya nyengo. Zimenezi zathandizira kwambiri ndi malo Hrs derali. Anthu amakopeka ndi zosiyanasiyana mitunda, mbiri chidwi, ndipo, ndithudi, zipilala wapadera kuti alenge kwambiri chikhalidwe cha dera Perm. Photo malo apadera, chidwi ndi malo achinsinsi sitileka chidwi kukongola zapadera.

Pa gawo la dera inali 325 malo mwapadera kutetezedwa pansi ankatetezedwa. Nkhaniyi ndi masoka kachitidwe, zipilala achilengedwe ndipo ena. Ena mwa iwo ndi madera awiri kuti ndi nkhokwe chikhalidwe cha kufunika feduro. Izi "Vishera" ndi "Basegi".

Manda chidali cha chikhalidwe cha dera Perm anapereka m'boma Cherdyn. Ambiri a iwo ndi BOLSHSOSNOVKIY, Solikamsk, Chusovoy, Krasnovishersk malo.

zipilala Natural ndi malo achilengedwe a dera kufunika m'mphepete lagawidwa mitundu zotsatirazi:

• malo (miyala White Moss Vetlan ndi Govorlivy mwala, Stone Town)
• Geological (ndi Gubakhinsky Orda phanga)
• hydrological (Ermakov masika)
• botanical ndi Zoological (Zyukaysky breakage, Veslyansky boron akumathandizika)
• M'mbiri komanso zachilengedwe maofesi (Kungurskaya phanga, werengani ndi Kuva chisoso).

Onse a iwo ali pa mndandanda wa zinthu otetezedwa.

m'tawuni mwala

Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka ndi wapadera zipilala zachilengedwe ananena Stone Town. Kukongola zachilendo wa paphiri la akale Ural mapiri, lotchedwa Rudyansky kuimba, Tingaone pafupi midzi ndi Shumikhinsky Usva. Ridge zikuwoneka ngati lokwera elongated pafupifupi 19 kuchokera nthawi yaitali. Mmodzi mwa nsonga zake ndi Stone Town. Dzina anapatsidwa ndi alendo. Pakuti am'deralo izo akamba. Stone Town kawirikawiri amatchedwanso chitunda Mdyerekezi.

Chodabwitsa thanthwe outcrops zachilengedwe ofunika anapanga chingwe cha makonde ndi tiers pa phiri mu nkhalango. Kulenga kuganiza wa mzinda, ndi misewu yaing'ono ndi njira yotakata, deadlocks. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, iwo analaswa ndi imodzi mwa mtsinje wakale. Ndipo mmodzi wa nthano zambiri imakamba kuti zinali mzinda zodabwitsa, zidzasintha kukongola amene sanathe yekha mwana akhungu a mfumu. Tsiku lina wamatsenga choyipa anapereka kuchiritsa wolemekezeka. Mfumu anavomera, koma pa nthawi yomweyo pamene maso ake anabwerera, mzinda anasanduka mwala.

zipilala Natural wa dera Perm pafupi ndi siteshoni Usva si zokhazo Stone Town. Komanso mtengo kuyendera mizati wotchuka Usvinskie ndi m'mapanga Sukhoi Log.

Usvinskie mizati

zipilala wapadera mwala, anatambasula makilomita angapo Usva Mtsinje, chimodzi mwa malo wokongola alendo kumanja. Ichi ndi khamu lalikulu la mwala, anamanga laimu. Pazipilala zake imprints wa miyala yamtengo wapatali wakale ndi mafupawa zina chimasonyeza kuti zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo, panali nyanja.

Wapadera thanthwe formations lili ndi m'mapanga ndi caverns. Ena a iwo, ngati grotto Stolbovoy, m'mbuyomu ankatumikira monga pogona pa anthu.

Monga maginito alendo thanthwe, dzina chala Mdyerekezi. matabwa ake ndi kukula ndi chodabwitsa. Aŵa 70 mita mkulu phompho umachitika pa woonda "miyendo". Iye ankawoneka kuti kusonyeza inaccessibility ake ndi ufulu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malo ankakonda kwa kukwera okonda.

Orda phanga

M'chikondi cha mwa phiri Kazakovsky, envelopu Kungur mtsinje ndi Alevi m'madzi kuphanga dziko ndi wachiwiri yaitali mu Europe ndi ku Asia - Orda Cave. Pamwamba pa phiri, mochuluka ngati phiri, pali sinkholes lalikulu, mmodzi amene ndi khomo m'dera lino maloprimetny zinyama.

Ndi dziko lonse gypsum phanga. Amakhala otchedwa "youma" (300 m) ndi m'madzi (4600 m) padera. arches ake okwezeka, wangwiro nyanja kwambiri, mapanga ambiri akhala kufufuza ndi speleologists. Orda phanga nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Mecca Cave osiyanasiyana.

Kungur phanga

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa manda otchuka chikhalidwe cha deralo, unali m'mphepete lamanja la Sylva. Mu kuya zachinsinsi za Kungur phanga alamulira Ural yozizira. Ngakhale mu masiku otentha yotentha, akuzisunga ulemerero wake achisanu wa mobisa mapanga chifukwa cha microclimate wapadera. umwini wokongola wowerengeka ndi chisanu - chifukwa cha ntchito yosaoneka ya madzi, mpaka zaka zikwi zingapo. cavities yaikulu ndi una wa Ice Mountain cholukanalukana chingwe makonde. The utali wonse wa maphunziro ake onse - mamita 5700. Iwo ali nyanja 70 ndi 58 mapanga. Ena mwa zipinda mobisa wa nthumbi ali ndi kutalika mamita 20 ndipo kufika awiri mamita mpaka 100. m'mapanga ambiri molemera chokongoletsedwa ndi timibulu ayezi, stalactites ndi stalagmites. Chokongoletsera wokongola kwambiri akhoza kudzitama Daimondi ndi kumalo ozizira grottos.

The dongosolo loyamba ndi wapadera Geological chipilala anapangidwa mu XVIII atumwi mapu S. Remezov ndi m'deralo, omwe anali atsogoleri choyamba kwa ludzu ulendo zachilendo. Iye anali opanda ungwiro ndipo mobwerezabwereza anasintha. Tsopano alendo okonzeka ndi makilomita 1.5 ngalande.

phanga Kungur masamba kwambiri zinakuchitikirani wosaiwalika mu nyengo zonse. Ndi chimodzi cha zolengedwa yowala kwambiri Nature, analenga yekha ayezi ndi madzi.

Vetlan mwala

Nature wa dera Perm ndipo adalenga chipilala wapadera monga Vetlan mwala, yomwe ili pa mtsinje Vishera. chinthu umenewu umatanthauza ovuta Poti dongosolo, anakafika mamita 1750.

Pamwamba Vetlan mwala ndi zi- sitimayo, amene amatsegula maso ndi panorama lapadera vistas wosatha. Pali zambiri alendo ulendo Vishera.

Vishera malo

Reserve atagona gawo kumpoto kum'mawa kwa chigawo Krasnovishersky, ankaona malo okongola kwambiri a kumpoto kwa Urals. Nawa pachimake apamwamba a m'dera - Tulymsky Kamen (1469.8 m), kwabasi mapiri Larch, Isher, Ikani-Tumpen, utumiki pemphero ndi ena ambiri. Kuyambira nsonga zawo ndi maganizo kwambiri, ndipo kumapiri a hunkering phiri nyanja ndi loonekeratu madzi. Pa malo otaya phiri mitsinje Small ndi Big Capelin, Vishera, Niols mtsinje shoals ndi mathithi, mathithi okongola.

Apa, mu kukongola pristine anasunga nkhalango madera wotanganidwa ndi kurums, mwala anakomoka, n'kupanga mwala nyanja ndi mitsinje. nyama kuno sizachilendo sable, mbawala, chimbalangondo, Beaver, marten, Beaver ndi ena ambiri. The malo pali pafupifupi 150 mitundu mikobionta (ndere), 100 osiyana mitundu Moss, 500 - zomera mtima. Chitetezo awo ndipo chifukwa wakhala mwapadera analenga Red Book wa dera Perm anadzipereka kwa osowa pangozi zomera, mbalame ndi nyama okha Kama. mpambo wake zikuphatikizapo whooper tsekwe, peregrine kabawi, golide mphungu Merlin, Rock Ptarmigan, ndipo kadzidzi ndi ena ambiri.

malo komanso pali mfundo yapadera Urals wa - malo a mgwirizano wa mbali okulira cha mitsinje zitatu zazikulu - ndi Volga, ob ndi Pechora.

Basegi

Basegi - ndi kwabasi mapiri, kukwera mwa expanses zedi nayonso pa chimathandiza kumadzulo ya Ural mapiri. Mu masiku akale zinali chimodzi, lero tichipeza nsonga atatu osiyana - North, South ndi Middle Baseg. Nkhalango m'dera lawo amenewo akukantha chifukwa cha kukongola pristine. Izi amanena chinthu za m'chilengedwe nayonso.

Baseg pafupifupi - chimbuzi ya malo (994 m). Pamwamba pa bwino kutchulidwa otsetsereka bwalo, yokutidwa ndi nkhalango kurums. Block ya mwala, amalowetsa malo otsetsereka awo yokutidwa ndi Mipikisano wachikuda ndere crustose monga ngati chitsanzo zokongola. A kopanda ubwenzi miyala, buttes ndi lonse la accumulations awo amafanana kanjedza ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana.

Dzina la malo a lachokera ku North Russian mawu "Basques", amene ubwino "wokongola." Pamwamba pa mapiri kuti lamba phiri Titafika pamalo munsimu muli ndi zidzasintha subalpine meadows. Awa ndi malo anaikira nyama osowa wa dera Perm, komanso mitundu osowa zomera.

"Inu muli ndi udindo kwa dziko kwawo ..."

Chikhalidwe cha ulemerero ntchito za olemba ambiri odziwika bwino amene anapita Kama. Cultural danga kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza unakhazikitsidwa padziko midzi yaing'ono fakitale. Mabwana luso tinapemphedwa kukakhala pa oimba, olemba ndi anzeru. Mwachitsanzo, panali Kuyang'ana kwa mudzi Vsevolodo-Vilva kuyamika Wopatsa ndi industrialist Savva Morozov. Apa tinakhala ndi moyo pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana B. L. Pasternak ndi A. P. Chehov.

Sindinathe mphepete mwa kukongola ndi kukaona Solikamsk ndi Berezniki "woimba wa chilengedwe" K. G. Paustovskogo. Sang, ndipo olemba dera Perm. za chikhalidwe Urals, mbiri yake, chikhalidwe ndi zambiri olembedwa P. P. Bazhovym. Mu ntchito zake ngati zili moyo wa ichi chachikulu, m'mphepete fano limene umadutsa ntchito yonse ya wolemba.

Tizithunzi ndi nkhani V. P. Astafeva zimawoneka zinapatsira ndi lingaliro "ndinu amene kwawo, nyumba yaing'ono kwa dziko limene mukukhalamo."

"Great Perm"

Nature wa dera Perm chodabwitsa. m'mapanga kwabasi ndi zachilendo thanthwe ovuta m'mphepete mwa nyanja, anapanga chifukwa cha mvula ndi mphepo, utuluke madzi ndi zipilala analengedwa ndi chirengedwe.

The posachedwapa ovomerezedwa ndi ntchito oyandikana "Great Perm" kutsindika ndithu chizindikiro cha okongola a m'mphepete monga khadi malonda a m'deralo. The zosiyanasiyana malo kumatithandiza kwambiri ntchito zokopa alendo, ulendo kuyenda ndi m'malo wapadera zili mbiri yakale-mitundu.

polojekitiyi ndi Kama alendo m'dera limodzi ongokhala masango "White Mountain", "Usva", "Parma" ndi "Ashatly". Mutu m'mapaki anakonza kuphatikiza mu njira umodzi padziko lonse, kulenga pa mfundo ya "Golden mphete".

Chabwino ichi ndi mwayi wapadera kuwunika chuma cha masoka, chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale mfundo derali.