Ndakatulo "Requiem" (Anna Akhmatova). "Requiem": mbiri ya chilengedwe

Anna Andreevna Ahmatova - mmodzi wa ndakatulo wa m'zaka 20. Mkazi amene khama ndi kudzipereka woyamikiridwa Russia. boma la Soviet anamutenga mwamuna wake woyamba ndipo kenako mwana wake, ndakatulo yake ankaletsedwanso, ndipo atolankhani wosakanikirana kuzunzidwa ake. Koma palibe mavuto analephera kuswa mzimu wake. mayeso A umene unagwa cholowa chake zopezeka wake ntchito Akhmatova. "Requiem", nkhani ya chilengedwe ndi kusanthula tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino, anali tsekwe nyimbo a ndakatulo iyi.

Ganizo ndakatuloyi

Mu oyamba kuti ndakatuloyi Akhmatova analemba kuti maganizo amenewa mankhwala adanyamuka pa "Yezhov nyengo" imene iye anakhala mu queues m'ndende, kufuna msonkhano ndi mwana wake. Poyamba anaphunzira ndipo mayi wina anafunsa ngati Akhmatova anatha kufotokoza zimene zikuchitika. Ndakatulo anati: "Ine." Kuyambira nthawi imene anabadwa lingaliro la ndakatulo, monga Akhmatova yekha.

"Requiem", nkhani ya chilengedwe amene amagwirizana ndi woopsa kwambiri m'zaka za anthu Russian, sanachitiridwe wolemba. Mu 1935 iye anagwidwa ntchito odana Soviet cha mwana wa Anna Akhmatova ndi Nikolaya Gumileva - Lev Gumilyov. Ndiye Anne Andreevne anatha mofulumira kumasula mwana wake polemba kalata Stalin panokha. Koma mu 1938, kenakonso kumangidwa chachiwiri, ndiye Gumilev Jr. m'ndende zaka 10. Ndipo kumangidwa watha, kenako iye kuti aphedwe, ndingokhala Buku kenako anapangidwa mu 1949. Patapita zaka zingapo Lev Gumilyov mokwanira asintha khalidwe lawo, ndi milandu kukhala zoona.

Akhmatova ndakatulo "Requiem" ophatikizidwa onse zisoni kuti linapereka zaka zoopsa a ndakatulo iyi. Koma sikuti tsoka la pabanja umaonekera mankhwala. Izo zinawonetsera chisoni cha anthu onse amene anavutika nthawi yovutayi.

Mfundo yoyamba

LEMBA anaonekera mu 1934. Koma anali mkombero m'nyimbo, chilengedwe amene poyamba zinakonzedwa ndi Akhmatova. "Requiem" (Mbiri ya chilengedwe chimene ndi mutu wathu) anali ndakatulo zingapo, 1938-40, motero. Ntchito anali kale mu 50s lapansi.

Mu zaka 60 20th Century ndakatulo, lofalitsidwa mu samizdat, anali wotchuka kwambiri ndipo wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mankhwala inaletsedwa. Zambiri anapirira kupulumutsa ndakatulo wake, Akhmatova.

"Requiem": mbiri ya chilengedwe - buku loyamba

Mu 1963, mawu a ndakatulo afika kunja. Pano ku Munich zopangidwa ndi woyamba mwalamulo lofalitsidwa. kwawo Russian kuzindikira ndakatulo, buku la ndakatulo zimenezi adavomereza maganizo a ndakatulo talente Anny Andreevny. Komabe, m'malemba a "Requiem" linatulutsidwa yekha mu 1987, pamene inasindikizidwa mu "October" magazini.

kusanthula

Mutu wa ndakatulo Akhmatova a "Requiem" - kuvutika munthu banja lanu, amene akulemera pa muyezo. Mankhwala tichipeza ndakatulo olembedwa zaka zosiyana. Koma iwo onse ali ogwirizana ndi chisoni ndi kubuma phokoso wopangidwa kale mu mutu wa ndakatuloyi. Requiem - ndi chidutswa cha nyimbo anafuna utumiki chikumbutso.

Mu prose oyamba Akhmatova limanena kuti ntchito linalembedwa ndi pempho winawake. Panalibe miyambo wokhazikitsidwa Pushkin ndi Nekrasov. Yemwe ndi kuti kuphedwa kwa anthu wamba, embodying chifuniro cha anthu, anati lathu woganizirana ntchito lonse. Choncho, mawonekedwe a ndakatuloyi - anthu onse amene anali naye pansi pa "wofiira mpanda wa akhungu." Ndakatulo analemba chisoni chake osati kokha, komanso kuvutika kwa anthu onse. Choncho, lyric ake "Ine" ali lidzasinthidwa zikuluzikulu ndi mabuku "ife."

Polyphony ndi m'zigawozigawo "Requiem" (Ahmatova) Ndakatulo zili ndi kuzindikiridwa zizindikiro zimenezi. Chifukwa mnogogeroynosti wowerenga amamva kulira ndi amamva chisoni munthu kuposa wina, ndipo akuvutika onse.

Mbali yoyamba ya ndakatuloyi, olembedwa trehstopnym anapaest zikusonyeza m'nthano lathu. Ndipo zithunzi (m'bandakucha, mdima chipinda, chapamwamba, kumangidwa, ofanana ndi kuchotsa thupi) kulenga mpweya lodalirika m'mbiri komanso atakwera akale kuti: ". Ine, monga Royal mkazi wamng'ono" Choncho, kuvutika m'nyimbo conceptualized monga othandiza bwino kuti akazi ngakhale mu zaka za Peter.

Gawo lachiwiri la ntchito, olembedwa chetyrehstopnym makolasi, wolingalira mu lullaby kalembedwe. heroine sulinso wadabva kulira, ali wodekha ndi anam'letsa. Komabe, izi ndi kudzichepetsa kungoganiza, mkati zambiri weniweni misala ku kudutsa chisoni. Kumapeto kwa gawo lachiwiri mu malingaliro anga onse wosanganiza m'nyimbo misala umtenga kwathunthu.

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito anali mtsogoleri wa "Kuti imfa." Pano mbali yaikulu ndi wokonzeka kufa m'njira iliyonse m'manja mwa achifwamba, matenda, "chipolopolo". Koma palibe ndiyotani pakuchotsa amake, ndipo iye anali kwenikweni mantha ndi chisoni.

Pomaliza

Akhmatova ndakatulo "Requiem" amanyamula ululu ndi kuvutika kwa anthu Russian. Ndipo osati luso pa zana la 20, komanso zonse za m'zaka m'mbuyomu. Akhmatova likubweretsa ndi zopelekedwa mwatsatanetsatane moyo wake, iye anati Russia akale chake yalelo.