Ndi ntchito ya lysosomes mu selo

M'nkhaniyi, ife amati inu kuganizira za lysosome ntchito mchipindamo. Komanso ife tatembenukira cholinga organelle ili ndi dongosolo lake.

Monga chikuonekera, lysosome - ndi mbali yofunika ya yonse yochepetsetsa. Ndipo zonse zimene ife tikuziwona, chimene ife kukhudza, ndipo ife tokha - ndi constructor, wopangidwa mwa particles ambiri ting'onoting'ono. Selo ndi maziko nyumba chipika cha zamoyo zonse pa dziko lapansi. Nyamayi ndi makhalidwe ena angapo zimene zingathe kuima lokha:

• kagayidwe mwini;
• mphamvu kubereka;
• kuchulukana (kudziletsa watsopano);
• chitukuko.

Ndipo tsopano ife tipite pempho kuti chidwi ife organelles, taganizirani matabwa ake ndi kuunikila lysosome ntchito mu selo.

lysosome

Tsopano ife tisanthule mwatsatanetsatane organelle izi ndipo imakupatsani gulu la. Pamaso tikungotchula ndiponso kuganizira ntchito ya lysosomes muchipindachi, m'pofunika kutchula mwachidule mbiri ya chotulukira. Izi pellets kakang'ono asayansi nthawi yoyamba aona de A Duve maselo chiwindi. Chochitika zinachitika mu 50 ntchentche za m'ma XX.

Lysosome - ndi M'mimbamo wodzazidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana michere hydrolytic (iwo akhoza kuziwerenga oposa 80 mitundu). Wazunguliridwa ndi Kakhungu, ndipo ndikofunika kufotokozera kuti ndi umodzi. Lembani organelles deta si zofanana, nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe chonse, m'mimba mwake osati choposa 0,8 micron.

Lysosomal Kakhungu ali yunifolomu makulidwe, permeability, izo zikusintha mchikakamizo cha zinthu zina. Choncho, labilizatorami (ie, kumaonjezera permeability) ndi:

• thyroxine;
• progesterone;
• vitamini A;
• cheza ultraviolet;
• X-ray;
• mpweya ndi ena.

Ufalikire:

• prednisolone;
• cortisone ndi m. p.

Maselo osiyanasiyana si nambalayi wa lysosomes, ambiri a iwo imagwera pa maselo ndi ntchito ya phagocytosis. Zitsanzo atha kutumikira ngati macrophages kapena maselo oyera. Kuphatikizanso ndi amene angathe mayamwidwe, katulutsidwe ndi excretion. Ali:

• zaminyewa maselo;
• matumbo;
• impso;
• Prostate ndi T. d.

Tsopano mwachidule pa gulu la lysosome lapansi. Gawani mitundu iwiri: za pulaimale ndi sekondale. yosungirako chachikulu mayina. Pakati pa sekondale tingaone:

• phagolysosome;
• tsitolizosomy;
• yotsalira maselo.

ntchito

Tsopano timapereka ochepa sankhani ntchito za lysosomes mchipindamo. Kotero, apa pali zotsatirazi:

• ma chimbudzi;
• autophagy;
• autolysis;
• kuvunda kwa nyumba kunja.

Ndipo tsopano ife mwachidule tanthauzo la mawu amenewa. Za ma autophagy chimbudzi ndipo inu mukhoza kuwerenga zambiri mwatsatanetsatane ina. Tsopano - zimene ntchito imagwiridwa pamene imfa lysosome selo.

Zimenezi amatchedwa autolysis. Lysosome Kakhungu akhoza kusweka, chifukwa mu amasulidwe michere pano mu izo. Monga ulamuliro, iwo analephera kugwira ntchito yake yaikulu monga De-adamulowetsa mu cytoplasm selo.

Kulakwila selo limodzi - zilibe kanthu, koma zimene zingachitike ngati lysosomes onse kuphwanya dongosolo lake? Kenaka pakubwera imfa ya foni. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi imfa autolysis mchira chule namchidwe.

chimbudzi

Takambapo kale kuti lysosomes muchipindachi chigwire ntchito m'mimba. Tikukupemphani kuganizira mwatsatanetsatane ndondomeko imeneyi. Monga tanenera kale, lysosomes anawagawa m'magulu awiri, mu nkhani iyi nkhawa zasekondale ndi m'mimba vacuole. Ndi ntchito ya chimbudzi mchipindamo. Iwo aumbike mwa kusakaniza lysosomes pulayimale ndi phagosomes.

M'mimba vacuole ali chachikulu, kufika mpaka 1.2 microns. Lili ndi ochuluka zedi inclusions. Apa ndi apo zipangizo processing, atagwidwa mu khola. ndipo nthawi zambiri kotero kuti m'mimba ndi hydrolysis mu otsika particles maselo kulemera. Otsiriza mosavuta kudutsa nembanemba wa lysosomes. Kenako, ayenera kupanga organelles selo yatsopano.

autophagy

Ndipo kodi ntchito ikuchitika lysosomes selo? Ife tanena kale kuti mwa iwo pali ntchito monga autophagy. Zimenezi yodziwika zigawo atilanda mu maselo ndi lysosomes. Total kusiyanitsa mitundu 3 autophagy:

• yaying'ono;
• zazikulu;
• shaperonovuyu.

M'nthawi ya nkhani lysosome analanda zinyalala ndi chosinkhasinkha iwo mphamvu kapena zomangila. Zimenezi zingachitike pa kudya. Pa macroautophagy amapezeka autophagosomes pawiri ndi lysosomes imbaenda kuna mapangidwe autofagolizosomy. The zotsala lotsiriza la m'mimba futofagosom. Mtundu wachitatu zingaoneke okha nyama pa nthawi ya nkhawa. Ndi mtundu uwu wa autophagy amapezeka zoyendera akulimbana mapulotini mu lysosomes.