Njira yosangalatsa: Msewu wa Military-Sukhum

Msilikali-msewu wa Sukhum ndi dzina latsopano la Pass Klukhor. Dzina limeneli analandira mu XIX atumwi. Amayambira mumsewu waukulu wa Black Sea pafupi ndi Sukhumi. Amadutsa m'mphepete mwa Machara ndi Kodor. Paulendo wawo, asilikali am'mudzi wa Military-Sukhumi adutsa midzi ingapo: Merheul, Tsabal, Latu, Azhara, Amtkel, Gentsvish, Chkhaltu.

Zili zosangalatsa

Anagwirizanitsa pakati pawo anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa chigwa cha Caucasus. Chifukwa cha iye, chikhalidwe ndi zachuma zinayamba. Msewu wa Military-Sukhum wochokera ku Abkhazia unagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi mdani kukantha dzikoli. Kusunthira limodzi ndi zosangalatsa kwambiri. Zochitika za msewu wa asilikali-Sukhumi ndizochuluka.

Ntchito yomanga

Kum'mwera kwakum'maŵa kwa Merheula ndi kachisi wokondweretsa. Mosiyana ndi zina zomwe zili ku Abkhazia, ziribe choyimira guwa la nsembe. Icho chimapangidwa ndi holo imodzi ndi mapemphero awiri. Nyumbayi ili ndi mbali yolowera kummawa. Chiwalitsika ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kudutsa kupyolera pa mawindo awiri opapatiza, omwe amapezeka pa guwa la nsembe, ndipo yachiwiri - kumadzulo kwa nyumbayo. Tchalitchichi chili ndi miyala ya miyala yamchere. Zomangidwa m'zaka za XIII-XIV.

Kotero ankakhala moyo

Pa kilomita 10 ya msewu wa Military-Sukhum muli mabwinja a malo amtendere. Kuchokera mmenemo munalibe makoma, opangidwa ndi miyala, ndi zenera ndi zitseko. Komabe, mnyumbamo munali kachiwiri, yosasungidwa mpaka nthawi yathu yamatabwa. Kumadzulo kwa nyumbayi, pamwamba pa phiri, ndi malo otsala a linga. Ukapita kwa iwo, ukhoza kuona nsanja ndi linga. Nthawi zina pali zidutswa za ceramic ndi glassware.

Kutetezedwa kofunikira

Gulu la asilikali-Sukhumi nthawi zambiri limapereka zodabwitsa monga momwe zinakhalira mabwinja. Pa 11 kilomita yake pali gawo la Wall Kelasur ndi nsanja. Mukasuntha makilomita 2 kummawa, mungathe kuona mabwinja a chitetezo chachikulu cha Abkhazia - Nkhondo ya Gerzeul. Makoma ndi nsanja ya chipata, bwalo la nsanja, momwe zitsalira za kachisi ndi chipinda chapansi pa nyumba zilipo, zimasungidwa. Nkhondoyo inamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma VIII.

Mabwinja akale

Mabwinja a nsanja ya Patzkhir amatha kuwona pa kilomita khumi ndi zisanu ndi imodzi ya msewu wa asilikali-Sukhumi ku Machara Gorge. Mukhoza kupita ku njira yomwe ili pafupi ndi boxwood. Panjira padzakhala mabwinja a mphero. Makoma a nsanja ali obiriwira. Iwo anaikidwa kunja kwa miyala yamchere yosatulutsidwa. Amanena kuti linga lakale limeneli linakhala ndi fuko lakale la Korax. Nkhanda yokhayo ndi yoposa zaka 2,000. Popeza tafika pamalo ano, ndi bwino kukwera pamwamba ndi kummawa kukachezera pamwamba pa kapu. Msewu wopita kumalo ukupita kumalo kumene malo okhala maulendo kamodzi anayima. Anthu awa ankakhala ku Kodori Gorge m'zaka za I-VIII.

Mpaka lero

Ali panjira, iwe ukhoza kuona mabwinja a nsanja zingapo zomangidwa pano nthawi yamakedzana. Pafupi ndi mapiri okongola. Mitunda yawo yotsetsereka idakhala malo amanda kwa anthu zikwi zingapo. Archaeologists anapeza manda okwana 5000 ndipo anafufuza mazana angapo a iwo. Kufufuzidwa kunayamba kumalo ano kuyambira 1960. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti sikuti matupi a wakufa adaikidwa m'manda, koma komanso zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku, zida, zokongoletsera. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale apeza zitsulo, malupanga, komanso zishango, mikondo, mphete, makola, mphete, mbale, maguduli.

Chiyambi cha Chisinthiko

Msilikali-msewu wa Sukhum, chithunzi chake chomwe chikufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, amakulolani kuti muone zolemba zambiri za mbiriyakale kwa iwo omwe amayenda pa izo. Mmodzi wa iwo - ali pa kilomita 17 la Voronovskaya manor. Voronov anali wasayansi wotchuka, wofalitsa wa nyuzipepala ya Kavkaz, katswiri woganiza wa Herzen, Chernyshevsky, Ogaryov. Kuchokera mu 1903 mpaka 1918, kugwirizanitsa kunapangidwa kudzera mnyumba yake pakati pa anthu a Transcaucasian ndi Petrograd otsutsa. Pakalipano, nyumba imodzi yokha yomangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 idakhalabe kuchokera ku malo. Mkati mwake muli laibulale ndi mipando ya nthawi imeneyo. M'masiku akale nyumbayo inali nyumba zochepa, ndipo pakati pawo, pambali pa nyumba ya mbuyeyo, munali chipinda chodyera, khitchini, ndi chipinda chodyera. Nyumbayo inali kuzungulira ndi munda wokongola kwambiri wokhala ndi mitengo ya zipatso, komanso mitengo yamitengo komanso mitengo ya ndege.

Nyumbayi pamapiri awiri

Titachoka mumzinda wa Olginskoye, kumene nyumba ya Voronovo ilili, tiyenera kupita patsogolo. Msilikali-Sukhum msewu udzatsogolera ku mabwinja a nsanja yotsatira - Tsibilium. Nkhonoyi ili pamphepete mwa Kodori Gorge. Makoma osungidwa bwino, owonetseredwa bwino kuchokera kumtsinje waukulu, womwe umayendetsa msewu. Zosungidwa komanso nsanja. Mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi mamita okwanira 16 ndipo amakhala ndi miyala yayikulu ya miyala yamchere. Mkati mwake muli staircase yamwala imene imatsogolera ku nsanja yolondera. Ngakhale mu nsanja pali chipinda chochepa, panali kale malo ogulitsa. Kuchokera ku nsanja yachiwiri ya nsanja panali makoma awiri okha ofanana. Nkhonoyi imakhala pamapiri awiri owala. Pachimodzi mwa iwo mabwinja a tchalitchi, omwe adagwira ntchito m'zaka za m'ma 1700, adasungidwa. Anthu a m'derali akulemekezabe zomwe zatsala m'kachisimo. Ku guwa amabweretsa mphatso - makandulo, nthitile, mazira, nkhuni, nkhani.

Zambiri zokondweretsa zingatheke pamene mukuyenda pa msewu wa Military-Sukhumi. Iyi ndi phanga limene anthu akale ankakhala zaka zikwi khumi zapitazo, madyerero ku Lake Amtkel, mlatho wachitsulo, womwe unaponyedwa kudzera ku Jampal, mabwinja a nyumba zapakatikati, zakale zamakedzana. Ali panjira, kukongola kwachilengedwe, mitsinje, mapiri, mathithi, bokosi la bokosi limatsegulidwa.

Koma msewu wa Military-Sukhum, kubwezeretsedwa kumene kuli m'makonzedwe a dziko lathu, uli ndi mavuto angapo. Mbali ina yodzala ndi miyala, yosambidwa ndi matalala. Komabe, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito yoyeretsa ndi kuyimitsa malipiro ziyenera kulipidwa. Pambuyo pake, njira iyi yopita ku gombe la Black Sea ndi yaifupi 300 km kuposa yomwe ilipo.