Njoka zoopsa kwambiri Australia: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

kontinenti Australia pa gawo loyamba la tawuni yake ndi azungu pa iwo chochuluka njoka zaululu. Okwana pali 140 mitundu ya zamoyo, ndi kukumana ndi ambiri a iwo loopsa kwambiri kwa anthu.

Njoka Green M'dziko

Mitundu ina ya zolengedwa izi kotero ntchito anthu kuti ngakhale akhazikike mu mzindawo. Nthawi zambiri njoka angapezeke pa minda, komanso mu dela la mzinda. Pali ngakhale milandu pamene toyesa mokwanira lalikulu opezeka amagulako, ndi zaka zingapo zapitazo, atolankhani inanena kuti 6 mapazi Python adagwa kudzera denga, ndipo unali bwino pa malonda pansi mmodzi wa masitolo Queensland.

Chotero umakhala pafupi sakanakhoza kukhala vuto, makamaka ngati njoka Australia zambiri pomenyana ndi anthu. Komabe, ndiyenera kunena kuti iwo kawirikawiri kuchitapo kanthu ndipo kuukira kokha pamene iwo amaona kuti kuyesera kumugwira kapena kupha. Pa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa chakuti iliyonse bungwe mankhwala a dziko, komanso m'nyumba za anthu ambiri mu Green Africa ali ndi ndalama zokwanira zothandiza yothetsera (antivenina), imfa n'zochepa.

Ngakhale pafupifupi njoka onse Australia ndi oopsa tinaganiza kulankhula za ena owopsa kwa iwo, wamoyo onse pa dziko ndi madzi ake m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kudziŵa iwo chidwi kwambiri ndi zithunzi cha zolengedwa ndi chidwi.

Kum'mawa bulauni njoka

chokwawa Izi amakhala padziko lonse kum'mawa theka la dziko la Australia. Ndi amtopola, mofulumira ndi kudziwika zake zonyansa "khalidwe."

Kum'mawa bulauni njoka ndi ululu owopsa. Malinga ndi kawopsedwe ake ndi analogs yachiwiri yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse.

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi chokwawa - njoka yoopsa kwambiri kumpoto kwa Australia, monga chimachititsa chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi kulumidwa. Izi chikugwirizana osati ndi ndewu wa zokwawa, komanso chakuti izo wakonda kuthetsa m'mafamu a kumidzi kumene zikugwira kusakasaka mbewa.

Ngati kum'mawa bulauni njoka akaona zinthu zoopsa, zimautsa thupi pamwamba pansi, kupinda kwa mawonekedwe a kalata S. The ululu wa kuluma, kulowa magazi, kuchititsa mwapang'onopang'ono ziwalo. Kawirikawiri, anthu kutaya kutsitsimuka kwa mphindi zochepa, ndipo kutenga Mlingo angapo antivenina kuletsa zotsatira za kuledzera.

Western bulauni njoka, kapena gvardar

Chokwawa ndi dzina yemweyo akukhala m'madera ambiri a Australia, kupatulapo m'madera ambiri chinyezi okha m'dzikoli. Gvardar zochepa aukali kuposa kum'mawa bulauni njoka, komanso yoopsa, m'pamenenso kuti osiyana mantha khalidwe. Iye kuukira mphezi munthu, akazindikira njira kuti kuyesa kutseka mthunzi, ndipo kulumidwa chopweteka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, izi njoka kulumidwa ku Australia pamene allocates poizoni katatu kuposa bulauni njoka, ndi wovulalayo adzaona nseru, mutu, ndi kukhala ndi coagulopathy kwambiri, nthawi zina kuonongeka impso.

kambuku njoka

Malo amene chokwawa wa - onse kum'mwera kum'mawa gombe la Australia. Kambuku njoka ndi chofukizira umboni kwa chiwerengero cha kulumidwa, chifukwa amakonda kuthetsa pafupi anthu azikhalamo. Makamaka, iye ndi mlendo pafupipafupi ngakhale mu mzinda wa Melbourne. Ntchito yaikulu ya njoka yapoizoniyo ku Australia - kugwira mbewa usiku, osazindikira akuvutika m'tsogolo mwina mwangozi mwatsatane pa iwo ndi kukhala chinthu kuukira zachiwawa.

Kambuku njoka kuluma mu nkhani ngati inu sizipanga nthawi pokha antivenina, ndi oopsa kwa anthu. Pambuyo pali ululu mu miyendo ndi khosi, munthu akumverera kumva kulasalasa, iye wakhala thukuta, ndi dzanzi, kenako movutikira ndipo ziwalo akufotokozera. Poizoni pano mu njoka komanso kuwononga magazi ndi minofu ndi angakhale chifukwa cha kulephera aimpso.

Wamkulu nyalugwe njoka kufika kutalika mamita atatu. Iwo utoto mikwingwirima, kuyambira chikasu wakuda. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi njoka zaululu kwambiri mu Australia.

kumtunda Taipan

njoka ili amakhala ming'alu ndi mphako, ndi ku madera ena lathyathyathya wa Green Africa.

Inland Taipan amayesetsa kukhala kutali ndi anthu, choncho sangathe amati ndi dziko "loopsya njoka kwambiri Australia." Pa nthawi yomweyo ali poizoni poizoni kwambiri, zomwe ngati alowa m'thupi la munthu wamkulu ali ndi kuthekera kuchipha icho mu mphindi 45.

Inland Taipan amapha mkati yaitali tsitsi makoswe kamakumba una, ntchito zawo poizoni wamphamvu. Mu nkhani iyi, analumidwa ndi njoka umabala poizoni, amene ali 40 000 nthawi kuposa chiwerengero cha makoswe 200-gram chofunika chifukwa chopha munthu. Wozunzidwayo ndiye pali mwayi pang'ono kukaniza.

m'mphepete mwa nyanja Taipan

Habitat njoka yoopsa ku Australia - kumpoto kugombe la Chile, komanso shuga minda mzimbe, kumene n'zosavuta kupeza nyamazo.

M'mphepete mwa nyanja Taipan adzatenga mano amphamvu kwambiri ndiponso yaitali pakati pa abale a Green Africa. M'litali "zida" yoopsa imeneyi ndi 13 mm, ndi njoka lawo lili pa nambala yachitatu kawopsedwe mwa njoka zina dziko.

M'mphepete mwa nyanja Taipan mantha ndi wosamala, ndipo mwaukali kuteteza vuto la nkhondo, kapena ngati kudula mthunzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo njoka izi ndi zosiyana ndi chizolowezi kucheza ndi anthu ndipo amayesetsa kukhala kutali ndi iwo.

Asanalengedwe ZINGATHANDIZE mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 20 alionse kuluma Taipan anali oopsa, kuyambira pamene anavutitsidwapo thupi la poizoni, kuchititsa magazi mkati.

mulga

dzina lina chokwawa ichi - achifumu bulauni njoka. Dera malo ake - lonse m'gawo kumtunda, kupatula Victoria, m'madera kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Australia ndi chilumba cha Tasmania.

Mulga - chachikulu kwambiri cha njoka mu Australia. Komanso, kukama mkaka imasonyeza njoka kwambiri. Makamaka, nkhani mwalamulo anatsimikizira kuti kumene dzino kuchokera ake allocated 150 mg wa madzi poizoni, pamene abale ake ena amataya 10-40 yekha mg.

Mulga, tikukhala mu kum'mwera kwa Africa, wofatsa, ndipo ngakhale ndithu khalidwe wamanyazi, koma toyesa moyo wa kumpoto kwa Africa ndi zambiri mantha. Izi kulumidwa ndi njoka, clenched nsagwada ndipo anapitirizabe pa kutafuna kuluma wake. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayambitsanso mu thupi wovulalayo ambiri njoka kwambiri poizoni kuti umawononga maselo ofiira a magazi, ndi mitsempha ndi minofu minofu. Ngati mulibe nthawi kulowa m'thupi ndi mankhwala ogwira, kuti mwina mokwanira mkulu wa imfa zotheka.

mphiri

Ichi ndi chokwawa zokongola mwapadera amatchedwanso mphiri m'zigwa. Iwo chionekera mphamvu yake ndi moyo wokangalika ngakhale pa kutentha zokwawa ena ankaona otsika kwambiri. Mphiri njoka zikukhazikitsa kuzungulira khoma, pamodzi ngalande, dera lowe, roadsides ndi ngalande ngalande. Akafika kutalika mita imodzi kapena pang'ono kwambiri yosalala ndi amakhala ndi mamba lalikulu. Anthu okhala m'chigwa amakhala opepuka mtundu kuposa njoka kuti moyo mkulu mu mapiri.

Mphiri njoka ndi chimodzi viviparous ndi umabala zinyalala anabadwa 20 pups.

Mphiri ali ndi njoka neurotoxic wowononga wamanjenje dongosolo, komanso maselo magazi ake. Komabe, kawirikawiri zimayambitsa amafa.

Blackish skrytoglazy adder

Kukhala masentimita 50 okha m'litali, chokwawa izi imatengedwa kakang'ono ndithu, koma ali ndi poizoni mwachilungamo poizoni ndi woopsa. Ndi zizindikiro yaitali wotenga miotoksin amene amachita kuphatikizapo minofu mtima mwa masiku angapo pambuyo kuluma.

Blackish skrytoglazy njoka umapita kusaka usiku, kotero kawirikawiri ndithu amakhudzana ndi anthu. njoka izi ndi zakuda kapena imvi mu mtundu ndi silvery m'mimba, zimene zimathandiza kuti chinthu akudziwa bwino mu mdima. Kusokonezedwa, mamba amasonyeza waukali, koma mofulumira kuluma.

Green mtengo njoka Australia

zokwawa iwonso a banja la njoka. Komabe, amakezana ndi wosazindikira nthumwi zake. Iwo padziko Green Africa kuyambira kupatukana kwake kwa Gondwana Bwinobwino popeza zifukwa zoonekeratu sakanakhoza kulowa ndi mamba dzenje mamba njoka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zamoyo za mitundu yatsopano ya njoka, kuphatikizapo mtundu wobiriwira. Wina mtengo wauwisi njoka, koma imodzi ya banja mphiri, moyo mu nkhalango Africa West. Komanso, njoka ndi dzina lomweli tikukhala mu India. Ali ndi thupi flattened, ndipo ngati osati mutu, zingakhale mosavuta kusokonezedwa ndi lamba.

Krasnobryuhaya wakuda njoka

Tinakumana ndi nyama mu Australia zimachitika kwambiri kawirikawiri kuposa nyama zokwawa zina zofanana, kuphatikizapo mu mzinda. Pa mphindi, osati mayina imfa limodzi kuukira krasnobryuhoy wakuda njoka. Komabe, kuluma ake - uwu si vuto lililonse udzudzu pokha, chotero ululu kwambiri ndipo amafuna chisamaliro aluso.

Dzanja krasnobryuhoy wakuda njoka akuphwanya wovulalayo magazi clotting ndi kumawononga kwa minofu ndi mantha dongosolo.

njoka Dubois

Nyanja njoka ya Australia, zithunzi zomwe amadziwa si onse ayi, ngakhale poizoni kuposa anzawo lapansi. Okwana pali kunyumba kwa mitundu 30 ya zokwawa, kuphatikizapo angapo chakupha kwambiri. Pakati pawo, kwambiri chidwi ndi otchedwa njoka Dubois. nyama chodabwitsa kupuma mosavuta ndipo ndi diver kwambiri. Izo zikhoza kukhala pansi pa madzi kwa maola pafupifupi awiri. kuluma ake amachititsa ziwalo kupuma, ndipo akuvutika zambiri amamwalira ndi asphyxiation mu nkhani Mphindi.

Nyoka amakhala kumalo akuya 1-30 mamita mwa miyala yamtengo wapatali, komanso ngati matope ndi mchenga madipoziti, wophuka wambirimbiri algae ndi anthu invertebrates ambiri, nsomba ndi eels. Pa nthawi yomweyo, malo awa - wokongola komanso otetezeka pogona kwa nthawi ya mpumulo.

The m'mapapo bwino njoka nthawi zambiri lalikulu kuposa kumanzere, koma ndi mtundu wa chikhodzodzo kusambira. Pamene kumizidwa chokwawa mipata m'mphuno atsekedwa ndi mavavu wapadera, kuteteza madzi malowedwe mu phapo. Njoka Dubois ungalowenso mpweya mwachindunji ku madzi mwa mucosa m'kamwa. Malowa ali pamtunda wa kuchuluka kwa ziwiya kakang'ono ka magazi, mwangwiro kungolandira mpweya ndi madzi. Choncho, Dubois njoka akhoza kuchitika pa madzi ngakhale maola awiri.

Belcher

Amadziwika ndi owopsa nyanja njoka pa gombe la kumpoto Australia. Iwo nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha wasayansi Edward Belcher ndipo ali ndi milozo ochekenera. Akuvutika kuukira ake amakhala amalinyero ndi asodzi imene mwangozi igwera mu maukonde pamodzi ndi anthu ena ya Indian Ocean. Izi njoka nyanja njoka ali kugombe la Australia, amene ndi 1 mg kupha mu 1000 (!) Anthu. Chifukwa kawopsedwe izi imachita nsomba Belcher nyama ndi mwankhanzaku chamoyo Chapafupi n'chiti kupirira ziphe. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kupha iwo amafuna kwambiri ziphe mkulu mlingo kuposa zinachitikira makoswe ang'ono.

Mwamwayi, msonkhano ndi Belcher yosowa kwambiri, kotero anthu amene ali anthu yochepa kwambiri kuposa zokwawa ena wakupha.

"Zinatha" njoka nyanja

A angapo zaka zapitazo, akatswiri pa yunivesite ya George. Cook anapeza kuchokera Australia mitundu 2 njoka nyanja, poyamba ankaganiza kuti zinatha.

Poyamba ankaganiza kuti zokwawa awa, vodivshiesya okha moti matanthwe zinafa zaka 15 zapitazo. Asayansi Joy ankadziwa Palibe malire, ndi mosamala kuwunika anthu awo ndi kufufuza kuwopsyeza zotheka. Chimodzi cha "anaukitsa" mitundu - izo korotkonosye njoka nyanja, anazindikira kuti imodzi mwa rarest mu dziko. Mwa njira, anthu angapo amene anapeza mu njira nkhanu, amene amafotokoza za kusatetezeka kwa zolengedwa izi asodzi.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chimene nyanja njoka Australia ndi chokwawa kwambiri chakupha limene ndi gulu la owopsa kwa anthu.