Nobel Peace Prize: mndandanda. Amene analandira Nobel Peace Prize?

Mwina yekha chilakolako cha anthu cha kudzinenera zakukhosi ndi kulimbikitsa zikamera wa ntchito amunamuna modabwitsa njira wokhalitsa. Inetu kusankhidwa ndi maina Bambo Nobel ndipo anaganiza kusiya ndalama zawo ana kuti abwezere njonda kuima mu dera. Iye ankagona kwa nthawi yaitali m'dziko la yosakongola ndi anthu mukukumbukira izo. Anthu akuyembekezera (Ena) pamene Adzaperekedwa ndi mwayi wotsatira. Ndipo ofuna akuyesera, zolinga akonzedwa, ngakhale intrigue, kuyesera kukwera Olympus otchuka. Ndipo ngati Asayansi ndi ochita kafukufuku zonse bwino - amalandira mphoto yawo chifukwa cha kuphunzira weniweni ndiponso kutulukira, zimene aime ndi Nobel Peace Prize? Chidwi? Dziwani izi.

Amene ndi zimene mphoto mphoto?

Pali komiti yapadera, amene waukulu ntchito - kusankha umakondwera
ofuna ndi mphoto apamwamba m'munda. The Nobel Peace Prize ndi kupereka kwa anthu amene wolemekezeka okha Kukhazikitsa chitetezo ndi kukhazikika mu dziko. Iwo chikalata pachaka. Ndondomeko chikuchitika mu Oslo, lakhumi la December. Pa nthawi yomweyo akamufunsirire wakonzekera amene amakhala wopambana, mungathe onse mabungwe lonse ndi maboma dziko. Komiti ya hayala zalembedwa. munthu aliyense amene anali kapena ndi m'Komiti ya Nobel, komanso ali ndi ufulu kutenga nawo mbali pa ndondomeko nomination. Komanso mwayi umenewu hayala amapereka yunivesiteyo ndale kapena mbiri.

Okha Wopambana wa Nobel Peace Prize, nayenso, angathe kupereka kanjedza kwambiri kubwezeretsanso pawo. Kayendesedwe ndi demokalase ndithu. Nkofunika zifukwa maganizo awo. Mwachibadwa, pali chinyengo osayenera kapena chinyengo. Nominee ayenera kudziwa dziko lonse. ntchito ya munthu wotere sangakhale chinsinsi. Only womasuka ndi watanthauzo anthu.

A mbiri pang'ono

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Nobel Peace Prize, anabadwa monga ngati "chiwombolo." Alfred Nobel anali wophunzira, munthu wa chidwi ndi aukali. Iye anatulukira ndipo analenga dynamite. Chimalimbikitsa ndi mtima wofuna kuthandiza anthu zatsopano kukhala malo achilengedwe, Tingafinye mchere. Iye analibe maganizo a m'khutu "njoka" zimatulutsa mu dziko. Kupezeka wake, ndithudi, ntchito cholinga chake. Zoposa chakhala wotchuka (m'njira zoipa) mu nkhondo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, dynamite anali zida zoopsa ndi zowononga. Komanso, anayambitsa avutika kuti zimenezi Mwadzidzidzi, choncho ndi womkanikizawo "muzimutsuka" mu zonse. Munthu amene akufuna kutipatsa dziko yabwino ndi zothandiza chida, wotchedwa pafupifupi wakupha.

Kuwawa Nobel. Mu chifuniro chake analamula boma kuika mu banki. The anapeza ndalama mbali zisanu, mmodzi amene ali pachaka nkhani dzina, kusiyana kukhazikitsa mtendere. Otsala zinayi zinali asayansi atapeza zotsatira kwambiri mu sayansi, umagwirira, mankhwala ndi luso (mabuku).

Woyamba anali ndani?

Nobel reposed mu 1896. Testament anayamba kuchita Patapita nthawi. Mwachibadwa, kunali koyenera kuti kugwira ntchito zomwe gulu, kukhala ndi "malamulo" ndi "i". Woyamba Nobel Peace Prize analengeza mu 1901. Panali awiri. Zimenezi zinathandiza. Optionally, lonse kuchuluka nkhani phungu wina. Ngati Committee wapeza kuti anthu ambiri asonyeza luso ofanana, akwaniritsa tanthauzo china zotsatira, iwo adzakhala kupereka mphoto. Mu 1901 anayamba Frederic Passy ndi Jean Anri Dyunan. Iwo adzipangira chopereka ndithu kuti chilengedwe cha njira kuthana ndi mikangano. Passy ntchito pa mlingo aphungu. wakhama analengedwa ndi League mayiko wa Mtendere. Dunant adalemekeza mfundo kulenga Komiti Mayiko Red Cross. Bungweli chimaonedwabe imodzi yaikulu kugwira ntchito zothandiza anthu. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mphoto womwewu kupereka zana ndi awiri. The Nobel Peace Prize amaitcha ndi matupi losonkhanitsidwa. Iye analandira mabungwe twente-faifi.

Amene ndi umene analandira Nobel Peace Prize?

Laureates, amene mndandanda sangalephere kugulu, chifukwa anasiyana mu miyoyo ya anthu. Ena amakhulupirira zimenezi "nkhunda ya mtendere", ena pazifukwa zina. Mamembala ena a gulu Akuti mokondera kupereka ya Nobel Peace Prize. Laureates (mndandanda zimasiyanasiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana) anyozedwa makamaka pa zifukwa za ndale.

Pali mndandanda wa umunthu kwambiri maganizo ndi mphoto imeneyi. Pankhaniyi, mbali ina ya anthu amakhulupirira kuti mphoto iwo analandira kuwalakwira, wina wokanayo mfundo imeneyi. Chinthu ndi mmene tiyenera kuchitira zotsatira za zochita zawo. Ndipotu Mwachitsanzo, Gorbachev, Nobel Peace Prize, umene linapereka mu 1990, ndi osokoneza amaona mu Russia ndi mayiko ena. Mu West, ntchito yake pa chiwonongeko cha "ufumu zoyipa" (USSR) ankaona kwambiri, ndi pa malo lotseguka dziko lino kale kwambiri - ndi matsoka aakulu. Purezidenti wa Russia mobwerezabwereza otchedwa chochitika tsoka, kunena mavuto, mwadzidzidzi anagwa pa mitu ya anthu wamba. Mwa njira, mobwerezabwereza asankha kuti mphoto V. V. Putin. The Nobel Peace Prize sanayambebe zalembedwa mu mndandanda cha maphunziro ake, mwatsoka. Ambiri mwina, ichi si umboni wa ubale wa dziko ndi ntchito yake, monga masewera ndale.

Laureates wolemekezeka kwambiri

Nobel Peace Prize kupereka kanjedza zosiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo, ina kwa nyota awo anamasulidwa Martin Luther King. munthu wamkulu uyu kumenyana tsankho. Iye anali m'busa, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti n'zotheka kugonjetsa zochitika zoipa mwamtheradi mwamtendere, popanda nkhani ya njira olanda. anathandiza kuti democratization a mtundu US chimaonedwabe wosagonjetseka.

Kuti ndi ziyenera womwewo wa kupambana wa Nelson Mandela. The mphoto kunapatsidwa kwa iye mu 1993. moyo wake wodzipereka kwa kumenyera ufulu Kuyanjana pakathi pa nzika, kaya akhale a mtundu. Pakuti maganizo ake odana ndi kusankhana mitundu iye anali zaka makumi atatu akhala olekanitsidwa m'ndende, koma sanafooke. Tikumbukenso kuti Mandela kum'lemekeza zosaneneka kwa anthu anzawo. pasanathe zaka zinayi atamasulidwa, ndipo anasankhidwa pulezidenti wa South Africa.

Pamene kafukufuku amene analandira Nobel Peace Prize, onetsetsani kuti anathamangira mu dzina la wandale wina amene ntchito sayambitsa kutsutsa. Munthu wotero Tenzin Gyatso wotchedwa Dalai Lama-. Izi si munthu kwambiri. Iye adakali aang'ono anakakamizika kuganiza utsogoleri wauzimu. Abuda kuzindikira mnyamata thupi la lama womwalirayo. Ndiyeno, iye anali kutenga, ndi udindo a ndale Tibet (sikisitini). ntchito zake zonse zachokera mtima, kulolerana ndi chikondi (ku mawu a Komiti ya Nobel). Kuyenera anawonjezera kuti sangathe kugwirizana ndi boma Chinese. Tsopano akukhala ndi amathera maganizo ake ku ukapolo.

Likukhalira, osati mophweka!

Pali opambana moti maganizo a mphoto limeneli. Komiti Nthawi zambiri anthu amawanena kuti akuchita kwambiri politicized. Anthu a Soviet Union chithunzi Zikuoneka kuti Mikhail Gorbachev. The Nobel Peace Prize anali kupereka ndi mawu akuti maganizo a kanjedza anthu dziko monga Yasser Arafat. chigamulochi m'Komiti ya imatengedwa zankhanza, pa chifukwa chakuti wopambana sanakanepo njira lankhondo la zolinga zawo. Pa nkhani yake, osati kumenyana, koma uchigawenga. Iye ananena cholinga chake kuwononga wonse mwayekha mtundu (Israeli). Izi zikuchitika ngakhale kuti Arafat anali kumenyana ndi ubwino wa anthu a ku Middle East, iye anali kupereka mutu wa mtendere kovuta. Wina wodziwika maganizo ndi Barack Obama. The Nobel Peace Prize linapereka kwa iye mu 2009. Izo ziyenera kuti Komiti anayika ndi akukhudzidwa zotsutsa pa chisankho.

More za Obama

Makina dziko akadali kumawala maganizo Pulezidenti US amaitcha "pasadakhale". Pa nthawi imene iye anali chabe ankaganiza ofesi, ali kanthu sangathe kuwasiyanitsa. Ndipo anthu njira ndi malingaliro amene anatenga Ndiyeno, kodi sindingathe kufotokoza, amene anali kupereka ya Nobel Peace Prize.

Obama anati pulezidenti, anabweretsa nambala yaikulu nkhondo. Anavutika wa unquantifiable awo chifukwa cha "chikhalidwe hybrid" wa mwansanga awa (liwu anaonekera posachedwapa). Iye anali kusankha za mabomba ndi nthaka ntchito. zotsutsa za nkhondo ya ku Suriya, zipolowe ku Iraq ndi Ukraine. Komabe, Obama analandira Nobel Peace Prize, ndipo mwa opambana.

Izi 'upfront mphoto "zinagwira zoipa zonse latsopano. Monga mabacteria kusagwirizana exacerbation ena andale mokomera kulepheretsa wa mphoto. Akukhulupirira kuti khalidwe sanali mtendere amanyozetsa umafunika apamwamba. Mu Russia, kumene akukhulupirira kuti phungu oyenera kwambiri ndi V. V. Putin. The Nobel Peace Prize akhoza kupereka kwa iye akadali kupirira oona, umene amasonyeza chigamulocho nkhondo.

za ndalama

Kawirikawiri anthu alibe chidwi ndi kufika anthu ambiri analemekeza mphoto imeneyi ndi kuchuluka kwake. The Nobel Peace Prize ndi choonadi ndimphate m'maganizo. Chakuti ndalama zonse m'Komiti ya si mabungwe a zachuma. Iwo "ntchito", kukula kukula. Pansi chifuniro, phindu lagawidwa m'magulu asanu. Iwo sali ofanana ndi kukhala kwambiri chidwi kukula chaka ndi chaka. Choncho, Uwerenge choyamba, naperekanso mu 1901, wofanana madola makumi zikwi ziwiri. Mu 2003, kuchuluka kale anakwana miliyoni 1.35. Mu kukula kwake amakhudza chuma padziko lonse. Benefiti, amene ntchito kulipira, silingakhoze kokha kuonjezera komanso ndichepe. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2007 kuchuluka kwa umafunika ndi wofanana miliyoni 1,542, ndi 2008 "anasungunuka" (madola miliyoni 1.4).

Anati njira amafalitsidwa mu tuzigawo twa asanu ofanana siyana, ndiyeno - ndi nambala ya opambana malinga ndi malamulowo, chimene wapemphedwa dziko Nobel Prize. Ndalama zingati adzapita mphoto chaka chilichonse - amasonyeza Committee ikuchitika kuwerengetsera yoyenera zasungidwa kwa sheya ndiponso zinthu zina.

laureates Russian

Russia yekha kawiri analandira mphoto zimenezi. Kuwonjezera Gorbachev, ulemu zimenezi wakhala kupereka wasayansi Andrei Sakharov. Si ntchito ya sayansi akhala chifukwa awarding mphoto. Sakharov womenyera ufulu ufulu womenya ndi boma. Mu Soviet Union, anali zikuchepa kudzudzulidwa ndi kuzunzidwa. Asayansi ntchito pa chilengedwe cha bomba wa hydrogen. Ngakhale izi, moonekera kulimbikitsa loletsa pa chiyesedwe cha zida zoopsa, ndi mtundu manja. Malingaliro ake anali wotchuka kwambiri komanso sanali osankhika akulamulira.

Sakharov imatengedwa kuti ndi mulandu mokhudza a dziko amene akuvutika chifukwa cha maganizo awo. Komiti Nobel ntchito mawu "olimba mtima polimbana kuponderezana ...". Komabe, iye anali, kani, ndi idealist, munthu wabwino osati aukali (mu Maulendo a anzake). Kuposa Russia sanalandire mphoto apamwamba kuti sakunena kuti miyoyo ya anthu abwino mu dziko lathu. M'malomwake, mfundo imeneyi Tingaone monga kudzipereka andale a Komiti, kugwiritsa ntchito mphoto mu mpikisano geopolitical.

Amene sanalandire mphoto ndi woyenera?

andale ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Mahatma Gandhi kuposa antchito ena onse akuyenera mphotho yapamwamba. Munthu uyu anagwira gulu la kulimba kwa Amwenye kwa colonizers lapansi. Gandhi anali kubwera kokha ndi njira zimene anthu ofooka ndi unarmed angakane asilikali British, koma ngakhale anali kumalo ndiponso kuti chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi peculiarities wa chipembedzo m'deralo. Njira kupangidwa mwa iwo. Iye anatenga dzina kukaniza nonviolent ndipo samasowa panopa. Mahatma Gandhi akufuna komiti kasanu. Only kumeneko anali "woyenera" ofuna (zomwe kachiwiri singalifotokoze ndyale wa gulu). Zitatero, akalonga amachititsa awarding ya Nobel Prize, anafotokoza chisoni chifukwa chakuti Gandhi sanakhale laureate.

Nkhani Committee Nobel

Pali mbiri ya gulu zotere zosaneneka kuti tsopano Tingaone anecdotally yekha. Choncho, monga mukudziwa, mphoto si amene asankha mu 1939 ena kuposa Adolf Hitler. The Nobel Peace Prize, mwamwayi, kuti sanamvetse. Ndipo si za ndalama. Kodi kutchuka kwa bungwe, zomwe anaitanitsa mtendere munthu udindo imfa mamiliyoni okhala padziko lathuli? Nobel Committee anakana mphoto pa malo kuti kusankha mankhwala Nazi Ayuda.

Komabe, pa nomination za ntchito Hitler tiyang'ane kwa anzeru German mwapang'onopang'ono ndithu. Iye anali anasaina awiri akuluakulu mtendere pangano, anakweza makampani nkhawa za chitukuko cha sayansi ndi luso. Masiku ano, anthu kuzindikira mmene chodabwitsa zoona zonena kuti akhala mphotho Hitler. Koma pamene anthu a Germany anamuona monga mtsogoleri wabwino, kuwatsogolera iwo kuti kuunika kwa moyo. Inde, kumlingo, zinali zoona. Za Germany, iye kwenikweni amatiganizira, kokha mwa anthu a mitundu ina. Kwa ulemerero wa mamembala a komiti Nobel, sadazindikira napereka nomination wake kwa mphoto.

laureates losonkhanitsidwa

mphoto izi katatu kupereka bungwe, mwanjira ina zikugwirizana ndi Red Cross. Ngati inu kuganizira choyamba laureate - kulinganiza ake anayi. Tikumbukenso kuti gulu ili lonse, akuyeneradi chotero kuwerengera mkulu. nthumwi zake zonse kupeza ntchito yawo ntchito. Kaya ndi gawo nkhondo wamagazi kapena miliri, kaŵirikaŵiri iwo amapezeka pakati, anakoka chofunikira dzanja kuthandiza anthu wosauka m'masautso. Mwa njira, kamodzi anakhala laureate wa United Nations (2001), poyamba anati okhazikitsa mtendere wake mphamvu (1988) ndi Service Refugee (1981). A osati lodziwika bwino makampani-laureates angatchedwe Labour Mayiko Organization (1969). Gwedezani zotheka, ife samva zimenezi chifukwa chakuti kuyambira pamenepo, pamene kukopa kwake kunali kwakukulu mu dziko, anapambana mphoto, inali nthawi yaitali.

Opindula mphoto yaikulu mochuluka. Mayina ena mwalowa mbiri ya kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima, ndi zina - ndi zoipa ndipo zokhota. Pafupifupi hafu sindikukumbukira konse. Komabe, anthu akufuna kuona mphoto imeneyi lidapezeka m'manja a anthu kwenikweni yoyenera, mosasamala kanthu za mkhalidwe andale.