Nthaka yowawa: zizindikiro. Kodi mungachite bwanji ndi nthaka ya acidic?

Kutentha kwa nthaka kumadalira kwathunthu kukhalapo kwa zinthu zamchere. Malingana ndi gawoli, nthaka ingakhale ya mitundu itatu. Sungani nthaka yosavuta, yamchere komanso yopanda ndale. Ngakhale kuti oimira ena a zomera amakonda nthaka ndi ndondomeko yapamwamba, nthaka yoteroyo ndi yabwino kwambiri.

Chizindikiro cha Acidity

Kusakaniza kwa nthaka ndi malo ena a nthaka, zomwe zimadalira mazira a hydrogen. Amatchulidwa ngati pH yothetsera vutoli, ndiko kuti, gawo la madzi lokha. Mtengo umasonyezedwa mu gramu ofanana ndi lita imodzi.

Nthaka yachitsulo (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa) imadziwika ndi pH pansipa zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndiko kuti, chiwerengero cha H + ions n'chochepa kuposa cha OH-ions (ngati sakuchita nawo mbali, chiwerengero chawo chikufanana ndi 7).

Kodi kudziwa acidity?

Ikani chizindikiro ichi kunyumba. Kuchita izi mu sitolo yapadera muyenera kugula chida kuti muyese kuchuluka kwake kwa nthaka, kuphatikizapo pepala la litmus. Kuwonjezera apo, m'pofunika kukonzekera chomwe chimatchedwa dothi lotengera (kuwonjezera magawo asanu a madzi kumbali imodzi ya nthaka). Chidebe chokhala ndi malowa chiyenera kugwedezeka bwino, chotsalira kwa kanthawi, kuti chiyimire. Tsopano mukhoza kuyeza mayesero a litmus mu madzi omwe ali pamwamba pa sediment. Mukamacheza ndi madzi, amasintha mtundu wake, womwe umafaniziridwa ndi template.

Dothi la acidic, zomwe zimatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, zimakhala ndi mitundu yotsatira pamapepala: zobiriwira, buluu-zobiriwira ndi buluu.

Ndi zomera ziti zomwe zimasonyeza nthaka yosavuta?

Dothi losakanikirana (monga momwe limatchulidwira m'nyumba, tazitchula pamwambapa) limakondedwa ndi zomera zambiri, ngakhale kuti kukhalapo m'mundamo kapena m'munda kungabweretse mavuto ambiri.

Zomera zomwe zimakhala pa dothi lotero zimatchedwa acidophils. Kudziwa kuti udzu wamtundu ngati dothi la mtundu uwu, mungathe kuzindikira acidity popanda kuyeza mayesero. Nthaka zambiri zimakula:

• Masewera;
• Sorelo yaying'ono;
• Moss;
• Chotupa chamoto;
• Buluu;
• Acid;
• Pa nthaka yosavuta yochuluka mungathe kupeza nthenga, chimanga ndi ferns.

Komabe, ndi bwino kuganizira kuti zomera zambiri sizikusiyana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa chiwerengerochi, ndiko kuti, amatha kusintha zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi edaphic (kuphatikizapo mankhwala a nthaka ndi maonekedwe ake). Choncho, kuti mudziwe molondola, ndibwino kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamchere zomwe zili m'nthaka ndi mayesero a litmus.

Ngati tikulankhula za mbeu zakuda, ndiye kuti dothi la asidi (zizindikiro zake ndi zosavuta kukumbukira) siziyenera kulawa aliyense wa oimira otchuka. N'zotheka kukula ena mwa pH pafupi ndi ndale, mwachitsanzo, quinces, zosiyanasiyana apulo, rasipiberi ndi mabulosi akuda, komanso tomato, sorelo, zukini, mbatata ndi dzungu. Kudziwa zizindikiro za nthaka ya acidix m'munda, kusintha mchenga wa nthaka ndi wosavuta. Izi ndizotheka mwa kuwonjezera zinthu zina. Kuchokera kwa oyimira mmaluwa a dziko lapansi, nthaka ya asidi (momwe mungagwirire nayo, mungaphunzire kuchokera ku nkhaniyi) ndi yoyenera kwa irises, delphinium, maluwa ena, coniferous zomera ndi maluwa ambiri.

Njira zina zowunikira

Thandizo pakuzindikira acidity akhoza kachipangizo chapadera Alyamovsky. Izi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazipangizo zapadera, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kufufuza zojambula za nthaka (poyerekeza, zochotsera ziwiri zimatengedwa: hydrochloric ndi aqueous). Amaphatikizansopo chizindikiro, njira yothetsera potassium chloride, mayesero ndi mayesero. Kufufuza kumakhala kofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Komanso, pali chida chothandizira kudziwa acidity ya dothi, ndikuchita ntchito zingapo nthawi yomweyo:

• Kutsimikiza kwa acidity;
• Chinyezi;
• Kutentha;
• Kuwala kwa nthaka.

Pali njira zowerengeka. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito masamba a chitumbuwa kapena currant. Amafunika kuphika ndiyeno utakhazikika. Kenaka yonjezerani kuchuluka kwa dothi. Mtundu wa madziwo umapanga acidity ya nthaka. Ngati madzi asintha mtundu wake kuti ukhale wofiira, ndiye kuti nthaka imatha.

Kodi acidity ya nthaka imakhudza bwanji zomera?

Kuti mupeze mbewu zambiri, acidity ya nthaka ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri, lomwe lingaganizidwe posankha zomera. Izi ndizofunika kuti zakudya zamasamba zisokonezedwe, komanso kuti zikhale zofunikira kuti zinthu zitheke bwino. Ngati nthanga zosasinthika zimabzalidwa pamtambo, zimayambitsa njala ya nitrojeni, makamaka pamene nyengo ikuyenda bwino, makamaka mvula ndi kutentha kwa kutentha. Chiwonetsero cha izi ndi chlorosis ya masamba, omwe amayamba kuyamwa chomera kuchokera mumitsempha, kenako amapita ku minofu yoyandikana nayo. Osati kusokonezedwa ndi ukalamba wachilengedwe, kumbukirani, mapetowa amayamba ndi minofu pakati pa mitsempha, ndipo mitsempha imakhalabe yobiriwira kwa kanthawi.

Kuonjezera apo, nthaka ya acidic (yomwe imamera pa iyo, ikusonyezedwa pamwambapa) imadziwika ndi kusintha kwa aluminium ndi chitsulo ku salt, ndipo izi zikudzaza ndi kuti phosphoric acid zomera sizikufota. Kuchuluka kwa mchere uwu m'nthaka kungapangitse kuti calcium, potaziyamu, phosphorous, magnesium ndi molybdenum sizilowetsa m'mitengo ya zomera ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa zipatso. Zinthu zina, monga zamkuwa, boron ndi zinc, zimakhalanso phototoxic. Zomera zomwe sizinasinthidwe kuti zizikula pa nthaka yowonongeka zimakula bwino, nthambi ya mizu imayimitsidwa, kuyerekezera kwa madzi ndi zakudya zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, ndipo zizindikiro za nthaka yosakaniza pa chiwembu zimatsimikizira izi.

Kuwonjezera apo, nthaka yotereyo ikhoza kukhala madzi, ndipo m'munsi pH level, ndi mwayi waukulu wosambira.

Dothi losakaniza: Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji feteleza?

Imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimakulolani kuti muchepetse acidity ya nthaka mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri ndizoyambitsa feteleza. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi zambiri amatenga potassium sulfate kapena ammonium, potaziyamu kloride, sodium kapena calcium nitrate kapena superphosphate. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi ya feteleza, zomera zomwe zimamera pa nthaka yamchere zimalandira alangizi, osati mchere. Pakali pano, malo osungunuka abwino amakhala pansi, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zikhale zogwirizana.

Pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza zotere ndi periodicity yosavuta, zingatheke kuti dothi la pH likhale lokhazikika.

Ngati njira zosiyana zasonyeza kuti muli ndi dothi la asidi, muyenera kuchita chiyani kumapeto? Mungagwiritse ntchito chida chomwe chiri chonse. Ndi yabwino kwa mitundu yonse ya nthaka (ngati simukudziwa kuti m'munda wanu muli nthaka ya asidi, zizindikiro zake zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa). Ndipo uwu ndi urea. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa acidity ndi chithandizo chake, dera lina la nthaka limatha kukwaniritsa.

Koma ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito ammonium nitrate, chifukwa mungapeze zosiyana.

Gwiritsani ntchito laimu

Chotsitsa chamadzi ndi njira yowonjezereka yowononga acidity ya nthaka. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti laimu imatha kuchotsa hydrogen ndi aluminiyamu kuchokera ku nthaka yachonde, m'malo mwake imakhala ndi magnesium ndi calcium. Pansi pH, nthaka yambiri imayenera kukhala yochepa.

Njirayi ikugwiritsira ntchito ufa wochuluka (mungathe kusintha dolomite) mosapitirira 20 masentimita. Pambuyo pake, nthaka imadzazidwa ndi madzi. The periodicity of liming ayenera kukhala pafupifupi kamodzi pakatha zaka zisanu (nthawi zina zingathe kuchepetsedwa kawirikawiri kapena mobwerezabwereza malingana ndi chiwerengero cha acidity). Kuchuluka kwa mandimu kumaphatikizapo dothi la dothi, laling'ono kwambiri - mchenga.

Ubwino wa njirayi ndiwowonekera:

• Kuthetsa mphamvu ya acidity ya nthaka, yomwe imayambitsa chitukuko cha tizilombo timene timakhala pansi ndikuthandizira mwachindunji kupanga mapangidwe ambiri a zomera, monga nitrogen kapena phosphorous;
• Mankhwala a manganese ndi aluminiyamu amapita mu mawonekedwe awo osagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa cha zotsatira zake za poizoni za zinthu izi pa zomera zimachepetsedwa kwambiri;
• Kuwoneka kwa potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi molybdenum kumawonekera;
• Kuwonjezera mphamvu za feteleza ena, monga manyowa.

Pamodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa calcareous kapena dolomite , kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi boron, zimafunikira, popeza mankhwala a boron ndi manganese amasiya kutuluka kwawo.

Njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera acidity

Dothi losakanikirana, zizindikiro zomwe zimatchulidwa kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, zidzasintha ngati zidzalidwa pazitsambazo. Amatha kuwonjezera pH.

Mitengo yotereyi ikuphatikizapo:

• Rye;
• Oats;
• Oimira a nyemba;
• Lupins;
• Phacelia.

Kuti njirayi ikhale yogwira mtima, mbewu ziyenera kupangidwa kangapo pachaka kwa zaka zingapo zotsatizana.

Njirayi imayesedwa yotetezeka, chifukwa siipweteka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timakhala padziko lapansi ndipo timakhala ndi kashiamu ndi mandimu ambiri, kapena zomera zomwe zidzakula m'deralo.

Njira zina zowonjezeretsa dothi la asidi

Kukonzekera kwa kashiamu kumathandizanso kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino kwambiri, ngati kusanthula kumasonyeza kuti nthaka yayamba (zomwe zimachitika m'chaka, mukhoza kuphunzira kuchokera m'nkhaniyi). Njira zoterezi ndizo:

• Chokaka chodulidwa (chiyenera kuchitidwa pansi, kupukutidwa, kenaka n'kuchiika m'nthaka pa mlingo wa 300 g ya choko pa nthaka ^ya 1 mamita ^awiri , pokhapokha ngati ali acidified);
• Peat phulusa (kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa choko);
• Phulusa la nkhuni (yoyenera mchenga, mchenga loam ndi dothi la peat).

Momwe mungapezere nthaka yowawa

Nthaŵi zina, wolima minda amayang'anizana ndi momwe angachepetse acidity ya nthaka, koma, mosiyana, momwe angawonjezere. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti mbewu zina zamaluwa zimakhala zabwino pa dothi. Pachifukwachi, chimbudzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza, chomwe chingachepe kwambiri pH mlingo.

Ngakhale ngati palibe vuto linalake ndi acidity ya nthaka panthawiyi, nthawi ndiyomwe muyenera kuyang'ana chimodzimodzi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti pakhale nthawi yowonjezera kuti nthaka ikhale ndi chonde. Kudziwa zizindikiro za nthaka ya acidix m'munda ndi minda ya ndiwo zamasamba, kuchita izi n'kosavuta.