"Ofananira Age" Karla Yaspersa

Mu nzeru za mbiri, lingaliro la "ofananira zaka" anaonekera zikomo woganiza Karl Jaspers. Kusanthula patsogolo pa anthu, akudabwa chifukwa cha maonekedwe ndi imfa ya chitukuko akale odziŵika historiosophy ayesa kudziwa chimene wafunsira chitukuko chamakono ndi mtima wa anthu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi anayamba zoti panali nthawi (umene unatha pafupi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi), amene angatchedwe olamulira a mbiri ya dziko lapansi.

Jaspers ankakhulupirira kuti imeneyi umayambira citatu m'ma BC chachiwiri. Chifukwa chiyani zana loyamba a m'nthawi yathu ino anatumikira monga poyambira, chifukwa dongosolo palokha ndi dongosolo m'dzikoli Western, maziko tsiku la kubadwa kwa Yesu mwa Khristu? Jaspers amanena kuti ofananira Age - ndi chilengedwe gulu, amene sakhoza womangidwa kwa chipembedzo chirichonse, ngakhale dziko. Nkhani chikhulupiriro sayenera muyezo osakhala kwa kumvetsa wazotsatira cha mbiri ya anthu. cholengedwa A kuti alipo ndi "mapeto a nthawi", monga afotokozera mu Bukhu la Genesis ndi Chivumbulutso, ngakhale Mkhristu wokhulupirira alekanitsa mkati tanthauzo la mbiri yakale ya anthu.

Asanakwanitse zaka ofananira wabwera, anthu odziwika awiri odulidwa zikuluzikulu mbiri yake. The choyamba - ndi zikamera wa kulankhula kulankhula, kupanga zipangizo, luso logwiritsa ntchito moto. Odulidwa chachiwiri - ndi V- III Zakachikwi BC, pamene nyengo yabwino ndi mu makama a mitsinje yayikulu chitukuko wakale wa Iguputo, Babulo, Asuri, China, India. Pa nthawi iyi, apo zidalembedwa boma analenga m'nthano mathirakiti achipembedzo, pali malonda, ndipo, chotero, kuwombana ndi interpenetration chikhalidwe. Ufumu wakale wa maziko mbiri ya olamulira dziko.

Mu zaka 700 BC kumasiyanitsa yokha "ofananira Age." Izi zimaonekera makamaka BC IV atumwi. Chigawo chimenechi cha Jaspers limati ndi "wauzimu lofunika mfundo ya anthu." Pafupifupi imodzi mu China moyo ndi ntchito, Lao Tzu, Confucius ndi ena anzeru kwambiri amene analenga maziko a Chikomfyushani, Chitao, Mwalamulo ndi moizma. Mu India watero ake Benares ulaliki Buddha, zinalembedwa Upanishads. Zarathustra limaphunzitsa za kulimbana kwa chabwino ndi choipa mu Iran. Mu Palestine, nthawi iyi zinali zodzaza ndi kubwera kwa mneneri Yesaya, ndi Eliya Ierimii. Mu Greece, pali mumaganiza onse nthanthi - chuma ndi ofufuza ndi sophistry kwambiri sayansi. Ndiye anakhala Socrates, Aristotle ndi Plato, Heraclitus ndi Parmenides.

Izi nthawi ofananira, malinga Jaspers, - zofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu. Basi ndiye panali kukhota lakuthwa, amene adalenga munthu ano, maganizo ake, anthu azikhala ndi rationality. The spaced popanda m'mphepete malekezero osiyanasiyana Europe ndi ku Asia, koma pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, anthu kuzindikira kufunikira kwa munthu ndipo munthu kuthedwa nzeru yekha nkhope ya chilengedwe soulless. Kufunika kwa transcendental, kuti chakuti "mu dziko", motsogoleredwa ndi mtima wa anthu kuposa Kutulukira khasu ndi mphero madzi.

Ofananira Age adalenga maziko a zipembedzo zonse zilipo dziko. «Nthawi Chifundo» mu Chikhristu zinachitika zaka ziwiri kenako, koma makhalidwe a anthu anali wokonzeka kulandira ziphunzitso za muulaliki. Buddha ankakhala m'zaka za zana lachinayi BC, koma kufala lonse la Chibuda monga zinachitika zaka zingapo zitatha. Malinga Jaspers, m'nthawi yathu tsopano kukhala ndi finalizing malingaliro amene maziko anaikidwa pa nthawi yofunika kwambiri. Zomveka, njira cognition wa dziko, nzeru ndi maganizo a munthu anali n'zosadabwitsa mu nyimbo ndi nthawi yathu.