Onomastics - sayansi kuti amaphunzira maina omwe

Onomastics - mawu ali ndi chiyambi Greek. Tamasulira kuchokera ku chinenero amatanthauza "dzina". N'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza kuti onomastics sayansi kuphunzira mayina a anthu awo. Koma osati iwo okha. chidwi ndi mayina a anthu, zinyama, mbali linalake. Komanso, mu gawo osiyana sayansi waima onomastics kuphunzira mayina a mapiri, mitsinje, midzi, ndi zinthu zina. Njirayi imatchedwa toponymy.

Onomastics m'njira zosiyanasiyana

mayina tsopano kuphunzira ndi nthumwi za sayansi zosiyanasiyana (geographers, azambiriyakale, ethnographers, akatswiri a zinenero, otsutsa zolembalemba, zamaganizo). Koma poyamba, iwo ankafufuza izo ndi akatswiri a zinenero. Onomastics - ndi zilankhulo gawo. Iwo amafufuza magwero ndi kusinthika maina chifukwa cha ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali mu chinenero gwero, kapena kudzera pobwereka iwo ku zinenero zina. Komabe onomastika - lingaliro kuti Tingaone osati sayansi. M'njira kuchepera, ziri basi osiyanasiyana manauni yoyenera. Kupanda kutero, amatchedwa mawu onomastic.

Makamaka kuphunzira mayina

A mbali yaikulu ya moyo wa munthu chimakwirira chinthu monga mayina. Zitsanzo za izi ndi ambiri. Iwo zonse zimene analenga anthu, komanso mbali Hrs, kuphatikizapo unali kunja lathuli. Chiyambi cha dzina tinganene kuti zovuta - mu mawu a logic ndi etymology.

Kuphunzira mayina, mukhoza kuona limatchula za kufala awo ndi kusamala. Chifukwa cha ichi kuphunzira awo ndi chidwi sayansi. Magwero a anthu kapena ena maina akhoza aiwala, ndipo iwo sangakhale ndi ubale ndi mawu ena a chinenerocho. Komabe, dzina lenileni, ngakhale mu nkhani iyi, amaziyang'anira tanthauzo chikhalidwe, ndiko kuti, ndi umboni wosatsutsika izi kapena kuti mutu.

Nthawi zambiri, mayina ndi khola kwambiri. Kawirikawiri ziribe mphamvu zikuchitika mu chinenero cha kusintha chosintha, ndipo ngakhale mofulumira chinenero ndi malo ake ndi wina sichichititsa kutha kwa ntchito zawo. Mwachitsanzo, lero mu chinenero cha Chirasha, pali maudindo monga Don ndi Volga, amene alibe phindu mu izo. Komabe, popeza wopereka kusanthula etymological, tikuona kuti iwo ali ndi magwero Asikuti. Maphunziro amenewa ndi mpata kubwezeretsa khalidwe la chilankhulo anapambana pa chilengedwe cha dzina kupeza mbali zambiri zokhudza izo.

Onomastics ndi History

Onomastics - sayansi, kupereka utumiki waukulu mbiri. Pajatu atolele zofunika kwambiri chifukwa chifukwa zomwe zikuoneka kuti njira zina Kusamuka kwa anthu zinachitika. Komanso, onomastics - sayansi kuti amaphunzira zopereka ndi anthu ngati alipo lero, na ciyezezo pomanga dziko ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. Mwachitsanzo, tiona kuti, m'mene wopereka kusanthula za chiyambi cha mayina ena Russian la mizinda (mwachitsanzo, Vyshny Volochek), tikhoza amachitsimikizira kuli kale mwa njira zoyendera.

Komanso, phunziro la maina a zinthu Hrs, yomwe ili pa East European Plain, kulola ife kuti tifufuza Impact kuti wakhala pa Chirasha Msukuti chikhalidwe. onse amene akuchitapo onomastics mbiri. Choncho, kufufuza kwambiri zimene kudziwa malo kuthetsa anthu osiyanasiyana ndi njira kusamuka m'mbuyomu.

onomastics mbiri nawo ntchito tanthauzo la kulankhula mtanda chikhalidwe zinalili pa nthawi ina kapena imzake, ndi kuphunzira zinenero zakale. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti kafukufuku yekha mu chimango cha sayansi akhoza adzaweruzidwa anthu zinatha ndi zinenero. Komabe onomastics - sayansi kuti amaphunzira osati onse a mafunso amenewa. mafelemu ambiri, ndipo tsopano ife kufotokoza za ena.

onomastics ndakatulo

Mu mabuku a lero ife zinthu zambiri mfundo za kuphunzira mayina amene amasonyeza zosiyanasiyana njira kulenga komanso kamangidwe kake. Wokwanira osanenapo akonzedwa a "kulankhula" maina, ndi mayina monga Chichikov Sobakevich, Skotinin. Onse a iwo apangidwa kusonyeza mtundu wanyimbo ntchito mankhwala, kufotokoza njira zina kapena kuti ngwazi. Komanso, tingathe kulankhula kuli ndondomeko yonse imene mayina anapanga ndi osiyana siyana ndi mitundu mu Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti panopa zinthu, chomwe chingathe kukhala maziko onomastics ndakatulo kafukufuku sunayambe pabwalo. Amenewa ngakhale kuti mfundo zambiri za olemba ndi ndakatulo ya maina a zawo anali yodziwika ndi ntchito zake m'dera limeneli. Chikutanthauza zambiri patsogolo kwa sayansi monga onomastics. Mayina a anthu otchulidwa zolembalemba kwambiri, kotero kuthana ndi zofufuza m'dera zingakhale nthawi yayitali. Zonse zimadalira changu ofufuza.

toponymy

onomastics Science ali zambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo - maina malo. M'dera limeneli tiphunzira maina a zinthu Hrs (Red Sea, Russia, Nevsky Chiyembekezo, Kiev, Kulikovo Field, Lake Baikal, ndi Iset Mtsinje).

anthroponimics

Anthroponimics mwachindunji chinkhoswe mu kafukufuku wa maina omwe anthu awo (Ivan Kalita, Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin). Ku mbali iyi, delimited ndi ovomerezeka ndi otchuka mayina ndi mawonekedwe a dzina lomweli: mabuku ndi kalankhulidwe kena, mwamwayi ndi anzake. Mu lothandiza makamaka iliyonse fuko ali antroponimikonom yake. mfundo iyi ikutanthauza m'kaundula wa mayina.

Kosmonimika ndi zoonimika

chidwi azimuth wina - kosmonimika. Mwa chimango ake, ri maina a zinthu zosiyanasiyana malo, komanso zina zakuthambo (Mercury, Mwezi, Dzuwa, nyenyezi Sirius, ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono dziko Ceres, nyenyezi Halley a).

Zoonimika, ngati inu mwina anaganiza, ndi chinkhoswe mu nicknames ndi mayina a nyama (BUCKINGHAM, Arnold Besya, Britney, Murka, mpira).

Hrematonimika

Hrematonimiku komanso ndi chidwi dzina lawo. Zitsanzo zimene zili m'munda wa phunziro ake ndi ambiri. Hrematonimiku chidwi maina awo za zinthu za chikhalidwe chuma (mfuti "Humayun" lupanga Durandal, diamondi "Orlov"). Tikudziwa kuti mayina Nthawi zambiri ntchito pofotokoza zibonga masewera, mabwalo, maphwando munthu ( "wosafa masewera", "yobiriwira Party"), maholide (Tsiku la miyala ndi nthaka, woyamba wa May), mayunitsi asilikali, komanso nkhondo munthu (Nkhondo ya Kulikovo, Borodino nkhondo). Companies kuimira malonda anu kapena mautumiki ntchito chizindikiro, amene maina awo. Komanso, hrematonimiku chidwi mu maudindo a mabuku, mwaluso ndakatulo payekha.

Chigawo chimenechi cha onomastics si chidwi maphunziro. M'mayiko Western Mwachitsanzo, pali zambiri njira malamulo kuti idzagwiritsa ntchito dzina chizindikiro, monga dzina la wina, wachokera ku kampaniyo, umene umabala mankhwala kupikisana. kusankha ngati n'zotheka kuganizira maina ena otero, akhoza kumwedwa ndi ntchito kusanthula sayansi.

Karabonimika

Karabonimika chinkhoswe mu kuphunzira mayina a ngalawa, sitima ndi ziwiya ( "Varyag", "Aurora", "Memory wa Mercury", "Borodino"). Dziwani kuti mawu akuti akufuna Russian wasayansi Aleksushin m'malo mawu akuti "karonimika" ndi "nautonimika", amene kale.

Ergonimika

Ergonimika chinkhoswe kufufuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayanjano malonda a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, firmonimy - mayina a Makampani ndi emporonimy - mawu maina a masitolo. Ergonimiku chidwi mayina a malo omwera, mipiringidzo, mabungwe malonda, zibonga billiard, hairdressers ndi ena.

Pragmonimika

Pragmonimika - ichi ndi malangizo amene timaphunzira mayina a mitundu ya mankhwala. Parfyunonimy Mwachitsanzo, dzina la zonunkhiritsa, zonunkhira (Lauren, Tchanelo), chokonimy amatchula dzina la mankhwala chokoleti ( "Mkuntho", "Kara-Kum").

Teonimika

Teonimika akhala akuphunzira mayina a milungu mizimu, ziwanda, chikhalidwe, nthano. Limatisonyeza mmene mayina itamvetsetseka manauni wamba - maina a moto, mphepo, bingu, mphezi ndi zochitika zina zachilengedwe.

Mafunso onomastiki chidwi kwambiri, si choncho? Tikumbukenso kuti zigawo za sayansi imeneyi mwachindunji zokhudzana kuchita. Onomastics kotero kukhala monga chizolowezi asayansi "eccentrics". Dzina lenileni (zitsanzo takupatsani) Maphunziro a sayansi kwambiri ndi moyo wathu.