Optina, Mkulu Eli: NDINGAPEZE momwe kuti apo

Chachikulu kusiyana kwa confessor izi enawo kungofuna kumveka ngati munthu wokalamba, ndi nzeru ndi kudzichepetsa. Imodzi mwa oimira wotchuka ndi chinsisi cha atsogoleri Russian, unakhala chizindikiro wakale kumene kumakhala Amonke cloister mu Russia - Optina, komanso munthu mlangizi wauzimu wa Russian mabishopu, Kirill ndi wachikulire Eli. Uyu - chitsanzo chosowa kuwala, lapamwamba ndi wangwiro maganizo athu. Ndicho chifukwa anthu ambiri ochokera konsekonse mu dziko tsiku ndi tsiku kufuna msonkhano naye.

akulu ndi ndani?

Munthu aliyense amakhala mu njira yake. Pofuna kupatuka pa njira yoyenera, sangagwelenso kuphompho, ayenera munthu amene tilongosolere miyeso yolinganizira, sadzakhala kusochera, ndi pa nthawi yoyenera kuthandiza ndi kutsogolera kunjira yolunjika. Izi othandiza nthawi makedzana mu Russia anali akulu. Iwo analemekeza ndipo adawopa pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa iwo - otsatira a Amagi wakale, anatenga mwazi wa makolo a nzeru kwambiri. Akulu ambiri anali ndi mphatso ya maula ndi machiritso, koma cholinga chachikulu cha munthu wachikulire uyu - kudziwa Mulungu vumbulutso ndi thandizo lauzimu osowa.

Mkulu Eli yonena

Eli anabadwa (mu dziko - Alexey Afanasievich Nozdrin) mu 1932 ku m'mphawi banja lalikulu ku mudzi Stanovoy Kolodez Orel. atate wake, Athanasius, panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu 1942, anali kwambiri anavulazidwa ndi Anamwalira kuchipatala. Amayi, Claudia V., osakwatiwa-handedly anabereka ana anayi. Nditamaliza sukulu mu 1949, Alex zapita usilikali asilikali. Mu 1955 iye anapita kukaphunzira ku Serpukhov Mawotchi College, ndipo pambuyo sukuluyi mu 1958 anaikidwa ku Region Volgograd kwa ntchito yomanga thonje zomera Kamyshin. Koma atalephera okha anaumanga ntchito, anaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito moyo wake kwa Mulungu, anapita kukaphunzira mu mzinda seminare Saratov. Mu 1961, mogwirizana ndi chizunzo Khrushchev ndi kuthamanga pa Mpingo, seminare chinatsekedwa ndipo Alex chabwerera ku Leningrad komwe anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa Theological Academy ndipo tonsured mmonke ndi dzina la Ilian.

Kuyambira 1966 iye anali rector wa Pskov-Mapanga obisika, ndipo mu 1976 adatumidwa kukachita kumvera malo a Russian Panteleimon paphiri la Athos ku Greece. Pali tsogolo mkulu Eli ankakhala phiri hermitage ndi duhovnichal mu Panteleimon obisika. Mu 1980s mochedwa, ankatchedwa kumbuyo mu USSR, ndi kutumizidwa wobwezeretsedwa Optina chipululu, amene zapustevala pa zaka 65 zapitazi. Apa Ilian analandira chithunzithunzi chachikulu, kupereka kupatuka wangwiro ku dziko kukakhalanso ndi Mulungu ndiponso malumbiro ndi dzina Eli.

Patapita zaka 20, nakhalanso mu malo a utumiki senile, kenako anabwerera Optina mogometsa. Mu 2009, Mkulu Eli anaikidwa confessor za kholo la onse Russia Kirill ndipo anasamukira ku nyumba yake Utatu-Sergio Lavra mu Peredelkino, Moscow Region. Mu April 2010, pa phwando la mkulu Paskha anakwezedwa udindo wa mkulu wa mabishopu skhiarhimandrita.

Mbiri ya agulupa ya

Optina - Orthodox obisika kwa anthu, inali makilomita awiri kuchokera m'tawuni ya Kozelsk m'dera Kaluga. Malinga ndi nkhani zakale, obisika linakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka XIV-XV olapa wakuba Optoy (kapena Optiem), anakhala wansembe pansi pa dzina la Macarius. Optina obisika anatumikira monga pothawirapo akulu ndi akazi achikulire tikukhala mu nyumba osiyana obisika, koma pansi pa chitsogozo cha uzimu cha abbot lapansi. Kutchula koyamba za agulupa angapezeke mu cadastres Kozelsk, chibwenzi ku ulamuliro Borisa Godunova.

Pa chiyambi cha XVIII atumwi Optina kudutsa nthawi yovuta chifukwa zonse quitrent boma la nkhondo ndi asilikali a Sweden, ndi kumanga St. Petersburg, ndipo mu 1724 anali zambiri anathetsa malinga ndi malamulo a uzimu ndi olumikizidwa kwa Woyera Chiwalitsiro ansembe yotchedwa, yomwe ili pafupi tawuni Belyov. Patapita zaka ziwiri, mkulu wa Catherine II agulupa nachiritsidwa, ndi kumanga mipingo yatsopano anayamba m'gawo lake, chimene chinafika mpaka m'ma makumi awiri.

Optina wakhala mmodzi wa Orthodox malo waukulu Russian wauzimu kuchokera kumbali zonse alendo ake anatambasula ndi odwala ena amene anakakhala obisika ndinkakhala nalo mu 1821. Pa chiphaso cha zopereka adakhala anapeza ziwembu za dziko, ndi mphero.

Mu 1918, Optina chinatsekedwa malinga ndi lamulo la Commissars Anthu a RSFSR, ndi 1939 obisika mkulu wa L. Beria bungwe yozunzirako asilikali zikwi zisanu Polish amene anawomberedwa patapita Katyn. Kuyambira 1944 mpaka 1945. Nawa msasa kusefera akuluakulu Soviet amene anabwerera kuchokera ku ukapolo.

Optina lero

Only mu 1987 boma la Soviet anasamutsa obisika pa kutaya tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox. Kuyambira nthawi kuti anayamba kubwezeretsa yogwira obisika a - osauka mwauzimu. Ideologist ndi woyang'anira za kubwezeretsa kwa obisika Optina - Mkulu Eli. Ndi kuyamika munthu uyu anapezanso ulemerero wa agulupa ya pakati yaikulu ya ziphunzitso ndi a Haji. mphamvu yake yapadera ndi kukongola kwa kachisi amakopeka zikwi amwendamnjira ndi alendo padziko lonse. Pa obisika ndi 7 mipingo alipo:

• Vvedensky Cathedral - kachisi waukulu wa agulupa ya;
• Mpingo wa Ioanna Predtechi ndi Baptist Yohane Mbatizi mu Skeet;
• Kachisi St. Ilariona Velikogo;
• Mpingo wa Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu;
• Kachisi wa Vladimir chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu;
• Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro cha Ambuye;
• Kachisi wa Amayi a Mulungu "chakudya Sporitelnitsa."

Peredelkino

Mudzi tchuthi lili Peredelkino, Moscow Region. Yapafupi pasiteshoni ya sitima - "Peredelkino" ndi "Michurinets". Mzindawu uli kudziŵika kokha kwa obisika ndipo mkuluyo Eliya, komanso chakuti pali kamodzi ndipo tinkagwira ntchito olemba otchuka ndi ojambula zithunzi. Pakati pawo, dzina lake Aleksandr Fadeev, Bella Akhmadulina, Valentin Kataev, Bulat Okudzhava, ndi Korney Chukovsky, amene anakhala pano chimoto panja wake wotchuka pamene anali Rina Zelenaya, Arkady Raikin, SERGEY Obraztsov. Nazi nyumba zakale za Okudzhava, Pasternak, Chukovsky ndi Yevtushenko.

Momwe ansembe chiyani?

Popeza kuti Optina ili pafupi siteshoni "Peredelkino" ndi "Kozelsk" kuti afike sitima sadzakhala kovuta. Ndi Kiev okwerera sitima ku Moscow sitima kupita ku mbali ya Kaluga kapena Sukhinichi. Pamaso Kozelsk ndipo akhoza anafika pa basi ku siteshoni okwerera sitima "Teply Stan".

Eni magalimoto, anapatsidwa plethora panopa machitidwe osiyana navigation ndi mapu, komanso sadzakhala ndi mavuto kupeza njira yoyenera. Koma ngati inu mufika obisika - izo si zovuta bwanji kuti mkuluyo Eliya pa phwando - ili ndi funso chosiyana. Musanayambe kugunda msewu Mwaichi, m'pofunika kudziwa pasadakhale za tsiku lililonse mu obisika, komanso ngati ndandanda wa utsogoleli.

Ngati Mulungu amakondwera

Ambiri amafuna iwo anayankhula munthu wakale Eli (Peredelkino). "Momwe kwa nkhalamba, ndipo ngati iye azitenga?" - awa ndi mafunso akuluakulu kubwera amwendamnjira. Inde, chithunzithunzi-archimandrite sangathe kukumana ndi mavuto onse, koma iwo amati Chimonko m'deralo, Mulungu akalola, msonkhano ndithu chichitike. Kawirikawiri Mkulu Eli amatenga pamaso nkhomaliro mu chipinda chodyera, kumene matebulo imakonzedwa kufika, koma mzere zikuzungulirira matebulo izi. Ngati anthu akuchita phokoso mu ima pamzere, kapena kukangana, Yesu adzakhala kumwazikana kapena ayanjanitsidwenso alendo.

maola pafupi 16 nkhalamba kuchotsedwa akupumula, ndipo pamene iye akubwerera, ndipo ngati tsiku kuti adzabwerera kwa Yehova yekha amadziwa. Agulupa ali Internet yake gwero (www. Optina. Ru), kumene mungapeze kumene ali wachikulire Eli ndi liti pamene phwando lotsatira.

Mphamvu ya pemphero

Akukhulupirira kuti Pemphero la mkuluyo ali ndi mphamvu awiri, chifukwa pemphero la otsalira. Rumor ali kuti ngati tipemphera wogoneka wa moyo, moyo wa wochimwa akhoza kuthawa ngakhale ku ukapolo hellish. chochitika chodabwitsa chinachitika mu Optina. Kamodzi pa skit kwa Eli anabweretsa msilikali zoipa anavulazidwa ku Chechnya. Madokotala sindikudziwa momwe kupulumutsa usilikali ndipo sanayese n'komwe opaleshoni, popeza chikomokere, ndi chipolopolo anali millimeters ochepa kuchokera pansi pa mtima. Mkulu Eliya Pemphero "Mulungu" amakakamizidwa kukhulupirira chozizwitsa madokotala wosimidwa - munthu wovulalayo anatsitsimuka namtsegulira iye maso ake. Pambuyo ntchito asilikali anayamba kuchira.