Patristics Western: oimira a ziphunzitso ndiponso okhutira

Mu mapangidwe zachikhristu ndi nzeru zatenganso mbali yaikulu m'njira monga patristic lapansi. The oimira stratum ndi maganizo achipembedzo mChipangano komanso Mpingo Fathers, choncho dzina kuchokera ku mawu Latin Pater, ndiye bambo. Mu masiku oyambirira a nzeru wachikhristu wa anthu awa zambiri atsogoleri maganizo Chikhristu. Iwo bwanji Dongosolo la chiphunzitso nkhani zambiri zofunika kwambiri. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale patristic nthawi ya Akhristu oyambirira ndi chiwiri m'ma AD. Kuphunzira nthawi ino, komanso zipambano waukulu ndi chinkhoswe sayansi wapadera.

periodization

Pachikhalidwe, mbali iyi ganizo Mkhristu lagawidwa kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. M'mawu ena, tikulankhula za Roma (Latin) ndi patristic Greek. Chigawo ichi chili mbuuku la chinenero imene olembedwa ntchito yaikulu ya nthawi imeneyi. Ngakhale ena a Abambo ankalambira mofanana mu ziphunzitso ndi Chikatolika. Mwazaka, patristic, oimira amene anafotokoza m'nkhani ino ndi kugawidwa m'mbali zitatu zikuluzikulu. Koyamba chinakhalapo mpaka Bungwe la Nicaea mu 325. The heyday nkhani yake kwa zaka 451, koma kuchepa mpaka m'ma chiwiri.

Nthawi mpaka Bungwe la Nicaea - koyamba

Mwambo limanenanso kuti kalekale munali kale patristic. Oimira analemba woyamba malemba mapemphero ndi malangizo a moyo mpingo. Kawirikawiri amati ndi Fathers of the Church ndi atumwi, koma deta mbiri unakhalabe ochepa. Akhoza anazindikira zimenezi koma Paulo, Petulo, Yakobo ndi ophunzira ena a Khristu. Oimira loyamba patristic umatchedwanso Apostolic Fathers. Pakati pawo tizikumbukira Clement wa ku Roma, Tertullian, Cyprian, Lactantius, ndi Novatian. Chifukwa cha iwo, anapanga patristics Western. Maganizo nthumwi za azimuth lino ambiri kugwirizana ndi kupepesa kwa Chikhristu. Ndiko kuti, anzeru awa kumufotokozera kuti chikhulupiriro chawo ndi nzeru kuposa kanthu, koma kuposa Amitundu.

Tertullian

Izi mokhudza ndi wotsimikizika munthu womenya ndi mpatuko. Ngakhale mwake adapereka moyo wake ukugwira apologetics, n'zotheka kupereka kanjedza mapangidwe oyambirira mbalume mpingo. Awafotokozera malingaliro ake sali mwadongosolo - mu ntchito za zaumulungu kuti anapeza mfundo wosanganiza za chikhalidwe, akatswiri ndi kuwerenga maganizo. Tikhoza kunena kuti ichi ndi nthumwi yapadera patristic. Osati kanthu, ngakhale kudzipereka kwawo ku ziphunzitso, pa mapeto a moyo wake, iye limodzi dissident mwa Chikhristu - Montanists. Tertullian anali oopsa mdani wa Amitundu, ndi anthu ampatuko kuti, anaukira ndi mlandu chifukwa nzeru zonse wakale ambiri. Chifukwa iye anali mayi wa mipatuko onse ndi zolakwika. chikhalidwe cha Agiriki ndi Aroma, mfundo zake view, ndi wosiyana ndi kulumphira wa Chikhristu, amene sakhoza kugonjetsa. Chifukwa odziwika chododometsa wa Tertullian ankatsutsa chodabwitsa cha nzeru patristic. Oyimira a nthawi ina anapita njira chosiyana.

Nyengo pambuyo Bungwe la Nicaea - ukuyanga

Tsopano ankaona golide zaka patristic. Iwo mlandu zambiri za mabuku olembedwa a Abambo a Tchalitchi. The vuto lalikulu kwa nthawi chakale - kukambirana pa chikhalidwe cha Utatu, komanso kutsutsana ndi Manichaeans. patristics Western, amene mamembala kumbuyo anagwirizana, akhoza kudzitama maganizo monga Hilary, Martin Victorine ndi Amvrosiy Mediolansky. inawo anasankhidwa bishopu wa Milan, ndipo ntchito zake zambiri monga ulaliki. Iye anali ndi ulamuliro waukulu wauzimu nthawi yake. Iye, monga anzake ena, anali wolemera kufooketsedwa ndi malingaliro Wachiwiri-Plato, ndipo anali wothandiza kumasulira yophiphiritsa Baibulo.

Augustine

Izi nthumwi zapadera za patristic unyamata wake ankakonda Manichaeism. Kubweranso kwa khola la Chikhristu anamuthandiza kulalikira Ambrose. Kenako, iye analandira ansembe mpaka imfa yake anali bishopu wa Hippo. Ntchito ya Augustine tinganene kuti apogee wa Latin patristic. ntchito yake yaikulu - "The Confession", "Pa Utatu" ndi "Mzinda wa Mulungu." Pakuti Augustine, Mulungu - ndicho yaikulu pa nthawi yomweyo kupanga zabwino ndi chifukwa cha umunthu onse. Iye akupitiriza kulenga dziko, ndipo izi zimaonekera mu mbiri ya anthu. Mulungu ndiye nkhani ndi chifukwa cha nzeru zonse ndi kuchitapo kanthu. M'dziko pali utsogoleri wolowezana wa zolengedwa, ndi kuti mu izo, ngati ine ndinaganiza zaumulungu, kuchirikiza malingaliro monga Plato osatha. Augustine ankakhulupirira kuti nzeru ndi zotheka, koma anali wotsimikiza kuti ngakhale tanthauzo kapena chifukwa sangathe kuzitsogolera choonadi. Iwo amatha kuchita chikhulupiriro chokha.

chitunda cha munthu kwa Mulungu ndi ufulu wosankha malinga Augustine

Kwa ena luso mmene anapanga ndi zachikhristu kuti nthumwi patristic, ndi kupitiriza kwa paradoxes wa Tertullian, koma mu maonekedwe osiyana pang'ono. Augustine anagwirizana ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo ake chakuti moyo wa munthu ndi chikhalidwe Mkhristu. Choncho, chitunda kuti Mulungu ayenera kukhala wachimwemwe. Komanso, anthu moyo - ndi microcosm. Izi zikutanthauza kuti moyo ndi chikhalidwe kwa Mulungu, ndi nzeru zonse, pakuti - izi ndi njira kwa izo, kuti ali ndi chikhulupiriro. Akamanena za ndi ufulu wosankha. Ndi ziŵiri - zoipa ndi zabwino. zoipa zonse chimadza kokha kuchokera munthu cha mtsogolo ndi udindo. Ndi zabwino zokha mwa chisomo cha Mulungu. Popanda inu simungakhoze kuchita kanthu, ngakhale munthu amaganiza kuti zimapangitsa izo zonse nokha. Zoyipa, Mulungu amalola kuti kuli mogwirizana. Augustine anali wothandiza za chiphunzitso cha kukonzedweratu. Kuyambira maganizo, Mulungu Pre-amadziwa ngati moyo ndi kumoto kapena kumwamba. Koma ichi ndi chifukwa amadziwa mmene anthu kusamalira ufulu wawo.

Augustine pa nthawi

Munthu, ine ndinaganiza nzeru zapamwamba Mkhristu, mphamvu pa nthawi ino. Mulungu ali yemweyo - mwini wake wa m'tsogolo. Asanalenge dziko kunalibe nthawi. Ndipo tsopano ndi m'malo mfundo maganizo. Timamudziwa tcheru, yolumikiza m'mbuyomu ndi kukumbukira, ndi tsogolo - ndi chiyembekezo. History, malinga ndi Augustine - ndi njira ku temberero la kugwa ndi wa chipulumutso ndi moyo watsopano mwa Mulungu. Ndi chiphunzitso kwa nthawi zogwiritsidwa, ndi chiphunzitso chake cha malo awiri - padziko lapansi ndi Mulungu. Kubverana kwawo ndi okayikira kwambiri - ndi coexistence ndi kumenyana pa nthawi yomweyo. dziko lapansi akukumana ndi kudza ndi kugwa, ndi tchimo la Adamu inkakhala osati chakuti anakana kumvera Mulungu, koma kuti iye anasankha zinthu osati angwiro mwauzimu. Yekha woimira Ufumu wa Mulungu padziko lapansi, amene ayenera zimachitika pambuyo pa mapeto a nthawi, mpingo, nkhoswe pakati pa munthu ndi dziko apamwamba. Koma anazindikira zaumulungu, palinso zambiri mungu. Choncho, ngati munthu tidzayesedwa kukwaniritsa yamtendere, sakhoza mosavuta popanda mpingo. Ndipotu izi, Mulungu anali ndi cholinga. Lowunikira chophunzitsa Augustine ndi osokoneza kwambiri, chifukwa maganizo ake anali ngati chiphunzitso cha mbalume wachikhristu womwe wakhalapo kwa zaka chikwi ndipo adakonza Reformation.

nthawi kuchepa

Ngati chodabwitsa aliyense wa m'mbiri, zamitundumitundu ndi patristic. oimira ake ayamba kuchita nkhani zambiri andale mmalo zamulungu. Makamaka pamene inu kuyamba kupanga zonena upapa wa Chiroma mphamvu boma. Mwa anzeru chidwi nthawi kuti angatchedwe Martianus Capella, zoyerekeza-Dionisiyo Boethius, Isidore wa ku Seville. Kupatula waima Papa Grigoriy Veliky, amene amaonedwa otsiriza wolemba kwambiri patristic nyengo. Komabe, timayamikira osati kwa chinyezimiro zamulungu, monga kalata imene codified malamulo a atsogoleri, ndi luso lake lolinganiza.

The mavuto waukulu patristic

makolo a mpingo ndinaganiza kupulumutsa dongosolo la Mulungu kwa anthu ndi malo a Chikhristu mwa zikhalidwe ozungulira (Chiyuda Agiriki, kum'mawa mwambo). Iwo anazindikira kuti kudziwa choonadi mtheradi ndi mwachibadwa zosatheka. Ndi Kufikika chabe mwa vumbulutso. Adagwirizanaso kuti dziko linalengedwa ndi Mulungu kuchokera popanda kanthu, imakhala m'poyambira ndi pothera. Iwo limene lachititsa ndi theodicy m'malo ovuta, chimene, zikuoneka kuti chifukwa chachikulu ndi munthu woipa, ntchito zoipa kufuna kwawo. nkhondo ndi mafunde dissident akuwuka mkati ndi kunja kwa mpingo, komanso chitukuko cha apamwamba wakuthwa cholembera ndi azamulungu apanga mankhwala awo chitsanzo kuyanga wa ganizo Mkhristu. Patristic, nthumwi za mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe yodziwika pamwamba, unali mutu wa onyenga kwa zaka zambiri mu miyambo onse kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Mpingo.