Pavlovsk Palace. St. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace

Kuyambira 2005 Pavlovsk - yaing'ono wokongola mudzi m'chigawo cha St. Petersburg Pushkin. Inkakhala mu Slavyanka Mtsinje, 30 kuchokera ku likulu la kumpoto. Mpaka 1796 anali m'mudzi wa Pavlovsk, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1777.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mu 1777, dziko mu Slavyanka mtsinje chigwa linakhala cholowa cha Paulo Petrovich - Grand Duke Romanov. Manor anali kudziŵika kuti "mudzi wa Pavlovsk." The lonse mapulani gulu loyimba analengedwa ndi changwiro kwa zaka pafupifupi 50. paki udaikidwa ndi wolemba ndi nyumba anakhala Scot Charles Cameron, amene anaitanidwa Russia kwa processing wa Tsarskoye Selo. Kaso ndi woyengeka Pavlovsk Palace inamangidwa pa malo a nyumba zakale zamitengo. Kuwonjezera Cameron mapeto ake ndi chokongoletsedwa panyengo zosiyanasiyana nawo A. N. Voronihin, K. I. Rossi, J .. Kvarnegi, V. F. Brenna. mudzi Pavlovsk analengedwa monga lachifumu zogona chilimwe, koma 1788 Paulo Petrovich anaganiza kuti adzalipereka kwa mkazi wake, kusiya yekha Gatchina Palace.

sabata A pambuyo inalowa Paulo mpando wachifumu, Yesu analamula kuti Sinthani dzina mudziwo mzinda wa Pavlovsk.

Big Pavlovsk Palace

Chifukwa cha kukula kwake nyumba imeneyi ndi mmene wolephera mabusa ambiri a St. Petersburg, ndipo akufanana ndi olemera komanso yokongola Italy Villa mu kalembedwe wa wamanga Palladio. Phata la nyumba yachifumu wakhala yaying'ono ndithu atatu-storey nyumba, mbali imene inalipo mapiko ndi tambirimbiri yokhota kumapeto.

Poyamba, Kapangidwe ka nkhope anali wosiyana kwa ife tikuziwona lero. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, tambirimbiri mbali imodzi-storey adaonjezeredwa ina. Front wapakamwa la nyumba ali chokongoletsedwa ndi mizati isanu Korinto. nyumbayi ndi korona ndi mzikiti zambiri spaced mizati. Ntchito pa nyumba ya anabweretsa wamanga Brenna, amene anali wokhoza kwambiri kukuza ndi kumanga pa mbali yachifumu pavilions ndi tambirimbiri. Izi zinachitika ngakhale Paulo anakhala mfumu.

Chokongoletsera mkati

Pavlovsk Palace, ndi chithunzi chimene inu mukhoza kuwona m'nkhani ino, ali kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa maonekedwe ake okhwima ndi wapamwamba chokongoletsera mkati. Pansi zimaonetsa pabalaza, kuchipinda, kuphunzira chodyera. Pa yosanja anali malo, kulembetsa amene anali wa khalidwe womuimira.

Apa ndi Nyumba World ndi Nyumba ya nkhondo. Ena nthawi Nkhondo Hall ankaimba udindo wa Small Mpandowachifumu Hall. Large Mpandowachifumu Hall anali mu South Nyumba ya Pavlovsk Palace. Nyumba Area mamita 400 ^2. Kukhala kumpanda, komanso staterooms - ndi Maapatimenti, limene lili kukafika kutsogolo kwa nyumba yachifumu. Phaka lachitatu kwathunthu zaperekedwa kwa danga ofesi.

Center nyumba Italy Hall, yomwe ili pansi mzikiti lapansi. ulemerero wake waukulu anali wapamwamba chandelier, anapanga zamkuwa ndi rube galasi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII. Ulemerero wa nyumbayo nawo Brenna, Cameron, Voronikhin.

m'dera paki

Ngati ndinu mwayi mwadza kuno ku St. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace ayenera kulowa mmoyo wanu kukawona malo. Muyenera eni maso kuona kuti nyumba zazikulu, koma paki zidzasintha kuti isawonongeke. Malo maekala 600 ndipo ndi chitsanzo chomveka bwino cha English kalembedwe paki yomanga. Iwo amakhala ndi kugogomeza okongola a chikhalidwe osafikiridwa ndi munthu.

Park chokongoletsedwa ndi nyumba zambiri mapulani: aviary, Pavilion cha zisomo atatu, mkaka, mipando Turkey, Chitaliyana masitepe. Pa sitimayo chapamwamba mungasangalale ndi maganizo odabwitsa chigwa mtsinje. Palinso Kachisi wa Ubwenzi. ntchito ili mukuimira Cameron yakale yoyendera kuzungulira kachisi, kukafika kutsogolo kwa zimene zalembedwa kanellirovannye mizati Doric kuchirikiza mzikiti.

Nature wa paki limapangidwa manda oikamo perete munda Pinki hema. Pa kum'mwera kwa dziko la paki ndi ang'ono ndi momasuka kwambiri kachisi wakale anachitcha "Chipilala makolo." Linamangidwa mu 1786, Grand Mfumukazi Maria Fedorovna. Komanso akuyesetsa kuti zimalimbikitsa kukumbukira mkazi wake, analamula mausoleum ntchito chisoni epitaph "mkazi-zopindula."

Pavlovsk mu XIX-XX zaka

Mwambo waukulu mu mzinda mu zaka za m'ma XIX - ndi zikamera wa Tsarskoye Selo njanji kuti chikugwirizana ndi St. Petersburg. Terminus anakhala Pavlovsk. Station ntchito Shtakenshnejdera wamanga inasandulika chilikati cha moyo nyimbo m'chilimwe mu St. Petersburg. Panali magulu akuthamanga G. Mansfeld, B. Bilsen, Strauss Wamng'ono. Zoimbaimba imachitika MM Ippolitov-Ivanov, A. K. Glazunov, ndi ena ambiri analemba odziwika ndi oimba.

Mpaka 1917, Pavlovsk Palace anakhalabe okhala mafumu Russian. Mu 1918, panali owonetsera zakale "Pavlovsk Palace." Mu chaka chomwecho mudziwo anadzatchedwa polemekeza Slutsk chosintha V. Slutskaya.

Mu 1941 chipani cha Nazi anagwira Pavlovsk Pavlovsk Palace anali kwambiri kuonongeka. Zikwizikwi mitengo yadulidwa chadzaoneni pavilions, anatentha nyumba yachifumu, kuwonongedwa siteshoni. asilikali a Soviet anamasula mzinda January 1944. Ndi pamene nalo dzina lake mbiri. Nthawi yomweyo anayamba kugwira ntchito yokonzanso, zomwe mpaka 1971. chaka kuti Mpando ndi Cavaliers Hall linatsegulidwa alendo.

chithunzi zomera

Pang'onopang'ono izo wabwezeretsedwa ndipo paki yokha. Imayang'anira ntchito ya mapulani sv Popov-Gunich, F. F. Oleynik, IG Kaptsyug, YI Sinica, VB Mozhayskaya. Mbali achangu mu kubwezeretsa anatenga m'nyumbayi ndodo zonse, komanso mkulu wake wa AI Zelenova ndi udindo woteteza m'nyumbayi AM Kuchumov.

Collection wa Pavlovsk Palace

mapangidwe awo ndi chifukwa kupita ku Europe ndi eni ake. Kutenga ambuye odziwika bwino, anapeza ziboliboli, zojambula, bronzes, waika zadothi, silika nsalu wapadera. otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse Museum katundu Tirhana na Timatheriyali ndi luso labwino. A malo apadera zikukwana amaperekedwa magulu luso lakalekale zitsanzo za Russian ndi Western European chikhalidwe cha m'ma XVIII.

M'nyumbayi ali zosonkhanitsira kwambiri lathunthu la zadothi abwino ankaimira mapeto a XVIII ndi chiyambi cha m'ma XIX. Zidutswa za mipando, makamaka chidwi mbiri yakale - nchito ya ambuye German ndi French. chidwi ndithu ali ndi mipando zojambula A.Voronihina. Ambiri a zipinda za nyumba ya zachotsedwa zopeta wapadera. Komanso, m'nyumbayi ali zosonkhanitsira yosowa ya zojambula mochita kugoba, ankapenta, zojambula, chandeliers ndi mawotchi.

Gatchina: Pavlovsk Palace

Kapangidwe yaikulu ili m'mphepete mwa Silver Lake. Iye anayamba kumanga mu 1765 ndi dongosolo la Mfumukazi Catherine II. Zinali kuposa opatsa mphatso Mfumukazi ankakonda Werengerani Orlov. Kwa iye, wamanga Rinaldi anamanga nyumba, zomwe zinkafanana wosaka Nyumbayi ndi nsanja ndi mavesi mobisa. yomanga ake inatenga pafupifupi 16 zakubadwa.

Khomo lalikulu ndi fano la Markiori Morleytera ndi "Justice", "nkhondo" "Mtendere", "Chenjezo". m'deralo zachilengedwe mwala - kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya zomangamanga Russian wa nyumbayi akukumana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe wakhala ntchito. The Palace wapangidwa ndi kalembedwe chakale, mu masiku amenewo, zatsopano ndi losadziwika.

Werengerani Orlov, wokonda wamataya, ukanakhala anapulumutsa ndalama resettlement wa panyumba ya mfumu, ndipo kenako mu nyumba zazikulu. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, Catherine adagula mphatso yochokera kwa wolowa a Orlov ndi kuupereka kwa mwana wake Paulo I - tsogolo la Russian Mfumu.

The mwini latsopano anamanganso Pavlovsk Palace ndi kukonda kwanu. Kumanganso motsogoleredwa ndi wotchuka wamanga Brennus. Nditamaliza ake zovuta nyumba pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kukhala ngati mpanda wolimba Villa wakunja kwatawuni. Anasintha mkati chokongoletsera kuchuluka maholo ndi tambirimbiri phwando zipinda kukhala nkhani ya Russian classicism zazikulu XVIII ndi XIX zaka.

Kuyambira zaka 1801 kuti 1828 a Pavlovsky yachifumu a mkazi wamasiye wa Paulo Ine, Mfumukazi Maria Feodorovna. Nthawi zina, nyumba wapadera m'manja mwa mutsogoleli Russian: Nicholas Ine, Alexander II, Alexander III, Nicholas II.

Kubadwanso a nyumba yachifumu

Nazi pa mthunzi awo mu 1944, anatentha nyumba Koma ayamikike lokonza ndi ndodo owonetsera zakale ndi ogwira chikhalidwe Pavlovsk Palace mu Gatchina msanga obwezeretsedwa, koma m'nyumbayi linayamba kupezeka ndi anthu okha mu 1985. Ena zipinda Gatchina yachifumu kubwezeretsedwa mu masiku athu.