Penti "Morning wa Strelets akuphedwa". Kufotokozera kupenta Vasiliya Surikova "Morning wa Strelets 'akuphedwa'

Penti "Morning wa Strelets akuphedwa" burashi Vasily Surikov amaika osakonzekera wowerenga amaima. Kodi zotsatirazi? Zikuonekeratu kuti mavuto a anthu: zilakolako chilengedwe musataye chifukwa kukayikira izo. Komanso M'chithunzithunzi munakwanisa kuona - ndi kuphunzira - tsar Peter Woyamba. omvera Russian mwina zabwino Zomwe zinachitika wodziwika mu mbiri m'dzikoli, pamene Royal Moscow maalumali, pogwiritsa ntchito khamu mwayekha kunja ananyamuka. Koma n'chifukwa chiyani iwo kupanduka izi? Ndipo zimene wojambula ankafuna kunena kupenta wake? Inde, ngakhale dzina zakuda, chithunzi silingaone iliyonse ya kupachikidwa kapena mutu. Tiyeni kuyesetsa kumvetsa izi.

Baibulo boma la zochitika

mlongo Peter Wamkulu, Sophia A., lakuthwa mu za Novodevichy Akatolika, sanadzisiyira ziyembekezo pampando wachifumu wa Russia. Masuku pamutu, pakalibe m'bale wake, iye ananena kuti Petulo anasintha. Anaitanitsa oponya mivi ndi kuwathandiza ndi kuteteza Russia ku nkhondo ya osakhulupirira (ie Ngopambana European amene mfumu anaitanidwa ku Germany ndi Netherlands). Ife tidamuyankha kuitana ake asilikali 175 kuchokera regiments anayi. Atafika ku Moscow ndi kupempha mu March 1698. Kumayambiriro April, anatha dislodge ku Moscow, koma iwo adabwerera kwa regiments awo anapanduka. Cholinga chake chinali kumanga pa mpando wachifumu wa Sophia, ndipo ngati iye samveranso ufumu - ku ukapolo V. V. Golitsyna. Boma anatumiza opandukawo zikwi ziwiri motsutsa regiments anayi a asilikali okwera pamahatchi ndi womveka. Mu June, kupanduka anali kuletsedwa, ndi "instigators kwambiri egregious" anapachikidwa. Pofotokoza m'mawa Strelets'execution, Surikov Amakhala ndi maziko ake Baibulo boma. Kuti ndi kuchita chilungamo, anthu chakwaniritsidwa 22 kapena June 28, 1698. Ndiye, molingana ndi mbiri, anthu makumi asanu ndi limodzi anapachikidwa.

mbiri Morning Strelets'execution

Ndipotu, misa kupondereza anayamba pamene Peter anabwerera ku Russia (25 August 1698). Mfumu anayambitsa ndi kutsogolera kukonzanso kufufuza. Panopa Strelets'execution mmawa, Kuwulura amene amapereka oimira wodabwa pa nthawi, izo zinachitika pa 10 October. Ndiye izo anapachikidwa ndi mutu oponya mivi zikwi ziwiri. Asanu a iwo, mfumu panokha mutu. Iye wathunso aliyense, musati muziyang'anira jenda kapena zaka. adzakazi awiri a alongo ake analamula m'manda mu nthaka moyo. The oponya mivi 500, amene anali wang'ono, mfumu amasulidwe ku chilango cha imfa, koma kudula mphuno, makutu, kuika sitampu ndi ku ukapolo. Chitsutsocho mpaka m'chaka cha 1699. Kwirirani mfumu ophedwa, amene anayesedwa kuonera mfundo European, ankaloledwa mu February.

Mbiri ya kulemba lona

Choncho akufuna kuuza amaonera ndi kupenta "Morning wa Strelets akuphedwa" imene ili mu chionetsero State Tretyakov Gallery mu Moscow? Izi waukulu woyamba chinsalu Vasiliya Surikova, anaika kwa omvetsera. Anagwira kwa zaka zitatu - kuchokera 1878 mpaka 1881 Chifukwa wojambula anatembenuka mutu wa mbiri Russian? Mwina kuti anakhala ku Moscow wakale, kumene anasamukira pambuyo pa St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana. Akuti poyamba wojambula anafuna kusonyeza pa lona, ndi ochepa anapachikidwa. Anajambula pamanja zina zachidule. Koma m'modzi wa adzakazi m'nyumba pakuwawona, anakomoka. Choncho Surikov anapereka lingaliro kudabwitsa kwa wowerenga. Koma zomvetsa chisoni mantha chilango chimatithandiza mavuto nthawi zonse. Kumva ndi wamphamvu kuposa pamaso zochitika wamagazi. Penti "Morning wa Strelets akuphedwa" ngati wokhometsa Tretyakov. Nthawi yomweyo anagula izo. Ndipo kenako anawonjezera kuti deta ndi awiri a mfiti pa mitu mbiri - "Boyar Morozova" ndi "Menshikov mu Berezovo".

zikuchokera

Izi chinsalu chachikulu (379 × 218 masentimita) kukhazikitsidwa mafuta. Penti "Morning wa Strelets akuphedwa" amalimbikitsidwa mu mitundu mdima, zomwe zina bwino mavuto ndi mdima wa mphindi. Wojambula ayamba kulandira chidwi mu nyumba nyimbo. Iye anatseka mtunda pakati zinthu pa Red Square. pachithunzipa zikugwirizana kumene Kremlin nsanja ndi linga, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo ndi malo kuphedwa. Motero, anthu khumi ndi ochepa kulenga Timatha khamu lalikulu kufanizira anthu Russian. Nkofunika kuti chiwerengero cha mfumu ali chakumbuyo. Kuti autocrat waukali, chithunzicho wakhala akuonetsedwa iye pa kavalo. Peter ndi "duel tione" ndi limodzi la musketeers, amene wasimidwa tizivutika ndi kupondereza. Mfumu amazindikira kuti alibe ulamuliro pa mzimu wonyada wa anthu, ndi malo ake amakhalabe unquenched.

mitundu

Pakuti kupenta "Morning wa Strelets akuphedwa" Surikov ntchito wolemera phale. Oyambirira yophukira m'mawa patapita usiku mvula pamene lalikulu akadali atapachikidwa nkhungu akutumikira imvi maziko imene bwino amaoneka malaya woyera mlandu streltsi ndi makandulo mu manja awo. Bright banga, kukopa maganizo a oonera, akuyima wauta ndi tsitsi lofiira. Ngakhale manja ake womangidwa ndi mapazi ake amalimbikitsa ku zitsulo, zikuonekeratu kuti mzimu wake wosweka. Umasonyeza mpirawo pamwamba lawi la kandulo, umene akakufinyani mu dzanja lake. malaya White ndi imvi maziko, ndi grisaille kufewetsa zovala kuwala kwa anthu a nthawi imeneyo. mkazi Red kerchief msungwana wamng'ono ndi golide-malaya Strelets 'wowerenga ndi kunditumiza ku mtundu chisoni.

ophiphiritsa

Mu kupenta "Morning wa Strelets kuphedwa," chithunzicho anaika kachidindo ena, n'zomveka kuti aliyense. Choyamba, chiwerengero "7". Umo ndi momwe oponya mivi zambiri za pa chinsalu (mmodzi wa iwo kale kutali aphedwe - zinali kokha kandulo moto - chizindikiro cha moyo wake wosatha). Iwo adawona mitu seveni wa Cathedral wa Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Kamangidwe maziko tsamba lilinso pyakubisika. Mokhwima Kremlin nsanja limafanana ndi chithunzi cha Tsar Peter Wamkulu, pamene kuwala, zokongola mutu wa mpingo zimaimira zolinga za Russian anthu Orthodox, ndi wolankhulira wa malingaliro amene anaphedwa, ndipo oponya mivi.