Putorana Reserve. Nkhokwe ya Krasnoyarsk Gawo

Ili Putoransky State Nature Reserve m'madera awiri a Taimyr Autonomous District - Khatanga ndi Dudinka, komanso ndi Evenk Autonomous Okrug, mu dera Ilim. Reserve Center amatenga zonse Putoransky phiri dongosolo. M'mayiko kutetezedwa ndi malo okwana pafupifupi 1.8 Mill. mahekitala.

zone Izi gawo lotetezedwa zikuphatikizapo lero 3 cordon: Dyupkun nyanja, nyanja ndi nyanja Dog Manumakli. Ndipo 2 chipatala zolinga kafukufuku: m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja Ayan Kutaramakan.

History malo

Putorana Reserve (ulitsa pamwamba) unakhazikitsidwa ku malo a dzina lomweli yekha mu 1988, ngakhale kuti funso la gulu lake ankaona kumbuyo mu 1970. Mu 2001, panali mwambo kwambiri - malo anali asankha kuti anapatsidwa, amene kumamukhazuka Iye kukhala mwa wina wa zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cholowa cha UNESCO dziko bungwe.

Putoransky malo: nyengo

Mu Putoransky malo nyengo losiyana kutentha zikuchepa chokhala ndi matalikidwe mkulu. chiwerengerochi chili kum'mawa kwa 100 ° C, ndi kumpoto - 86 ° C. tsiku kumalo ozizira kumatenga masiku 74 (16 May - 29 July), ndi usiku kumalo ozizira - masiku 56 (25 November - 13 January).

Pa Putoransky yachonde ndi momveka bwino looneka chirengedwe magawidwe sitinganene za madera ena a Russia. M'madera yachonde anapanga malo ake, kwambiri amasiyana mwa iwo wokha, ngakhale kuti m'dera ali yemweyo Geological ndi morphological dongosolo. Plateau ili mu malo mphambano ya longitude ndipo derali lili pa malo achilengedwe. Pakuti kum'mwera amakhala ndi mabacteria kotentha ndi subarctic nyengo, kutanthauza kuti ndime ya malire ndi waukulu mitundu iwiri ya malo zokhudzana ndi udindo wapamwamba taxonomic.

zochitika za anthu

Putoransky phiri dongosolo, makamaka ngati ife kulankhula za izo kum'mwera, kumpoto ndi kum'mawa zigawo, ntchito m'mbuyomu bwino ndi anthu a m'dziko la dera la khalidwe la nsomba, kusaka ndi mphalapala ulimi. Chotero njira ya ntchito zachilengedwe, chikhalidwe cha Far North, poyera kuti nthawi zonse m'njira inayake pa nyama ndi zomera pa phiri yachonde. bwino kwambiri amadza izi anthropogenic bwanji kusintha chiwerengero cha mitundu osatetezeka kwambiri, kuti Choyamba amatanthauza anthu Putoransky nkhosa bighorn.

The kungasokoneze a zochita za anthu

Mu Putoransky Reserve wokongola zakutchire chikhalidwe cha Russia sanachitepo wamphamvu anthu amadza, amene analola padziko wamoyo zachilengedwe anasiya pafupifupi wawo. M'dera ntchito imeneyi anthu akuwonekera yekha mu ntchito ya zakwawoko anthu nsomba, kusaka ndi mphalapala wawo amadalira kuweta.

Komabe, chifukwa cha mmene kwambiri utachepa chiwerengero cha endemics m'dera - Putoransky bighorn nkhosa, pang'ono zosakwana anthu anakhala mphalapala, mphalapala zakutchire, wolverines, weasels, sables, nkhandwe ndi mimbulu.

mabizinezi Industrial m'chigawo pang'ono. Pakati pawo, chinthu chachikulu, kumene kumakhudza chikhalidwe cha madera ozungulira kusamala zoipa, ndi dziko lalikulu migodi ndi zitsulo zovuta ili Norilsk. Si kutali ndi kumadzulo malire Putorana Reserve, pafupifupi 150-200 makilomita kutali. Iwo chinkhoswe mu ogwira migodi zachitsulo ores ndi zitsulo, kotero pali nthawi alipo mpweya mpweya zauve amene ali oxides zitsulo zolemera, sulfure, mpweya ndi fumbi.

Zonsezi kungasokoneze kwambiri pa chilengedwe ndipo mapeto kusintha zomera dera la kumadzulo kwa momwe Putorana Reserve ndi gawo lotetezedwa nthambi. Mu mabuku ambiri a sayansi, mungapeze zambiri zokhudza mmene mpweya mafakitale zomera wamba, pamene iwo kusungitsa alonda makhalidwe kafukufuku wawo. Palibe koma enieni kwathunthu kukula kwa malo amene wadwala mpweya zoipa mafakitale. Amanenera kuyambirira ntchito m'migodi ndi zitsulo Phatikizani mu Norilsk limakhudza anthu za 1/10 lalikulu Putorana Reserve ndi 1/3 ya zone gawo lotetezedwa.

achilengedwe Kukongola

otetezedwa ndi chapakati zachilengedwe chinthu ankaona Putorana lalikulu yachonde, umene chimakwirira kudera la mahekitala pafupifupi 2.5 miliyoni. Ku Central Siberia akuti ndi lalikulu msampha basalt yachonde. Soviet Union pali kwina mtundu uwu wa mpumulo. Dziwani kuti pa chikweza ntchito zachuma osati ikuchitika mu mbiri ya nthawi.

zinthu Hydrological awa akuimira mu malo a atsekedwa mabeseni mtsinje - Khatanga Pyasina ndi yaikulu - Yenisei.

Oyeretsa Reserve ali mathithi ambiri amene anawupereka iwo kukongola zosaneneka. Apa ndi wapamwamba mathithi Russia (mamita 108).

nyanja ambiri Putorana Reserve wotchuka chifukwa cha kuya yake yapadera ndi chachikulu, mkati mamita 180-420.

zomera

Mu Putoransky malo kumene zinyama Russia ikutchulidwa mu ulemerero, pali 398 zomera apamwamba, mlandu 61% ya zomera okwana m'mapiriŵa. Mwa iwo Dziwani zomera zina monga poppy belovoloskovy, slipper mabanga, Rhodiola rosea ndi lonse-Asian. Palinso kuderako Putorana - zokongola poppy, marigold ndi mochedwa oxytrope Putoransky mwa machitidwe kuderako phiri Byrranga ndi Putoran - fescue ushkovataya ndi kuderako ku Siberia kumpoto anapereka dandelion longhorned, oxytrope Taimyr ndi Sitnic yaitali-nosed.

nyama Land

Putorana Reserve chimagwirizanitsa inakhala nayonso, Titafika pamalo, nkhalango ndi nyama zina wamba zopezeka m'mapiri. Plateau ndi malire kumpoto kwa kugawa mitundu yambiri, kuphatikizapo sable, amphaka, agologolo wamba, mbawala, goshawk, nkhalango Lemmings, grouse, capercaillie mwala ndiponso anthu wamba, woodpeckers, wotsekedwa kadzidzi, wogontha ndi cuckoo, mitundu ya passerine, Kulikova ndi nyama zina.

Dera limeneli ndi gawo kumpoto cha ku Central Siberia ndi lalikulu kukaikira mazira woyera-tailed mphungu ndi muimba. Ku mbali ya kum'mwera-kum'mawa kwa khalidwe kukaikira mazira Little Curlew ndi pakati m'mapiriŵa Putorana amakhala ambiri a Putoransky nkhosa bighorn. Kuli chiwerengero chachikulu cha zimbalangondo, afisi ndi wolverines, kusewera mu biocenoses m'dera mbali yofunika kwambiri.

Wapadera ndi chidwi kwambiri chodabwitsa Putoransky malo zinyama amaonedwa nyengo Kusamuka kwa ambiri mphalapala zakutchire. Mbali yofunika ya njira za maulendo ataliatali a m'derali ndi Putoransky yachonde kudzera wakupambana pafupifupi anthu onse a Taimyr mphalapala (za 450-480 zikwi anthu). Pa malo okwera pa chaka ali pa 5-6 miyezi. Pochitika m'mphepete m'malo yopapatiza pakati pa 100 ndi 150 makilomita Choncho n'zotheka kunena kuti pali otchedwa kusamuka njira transmissive chaka chilichonse 220 zikwi mphalapala zakutchire.

Achule: Siberia salamander

Ndi chinyama chokha mu kalasi ya achule, zomwe zafotokozedwa pa Putoransky yachonde. Mmene mawonekedwe a lonse Russian nayonso dera, amagwera kumpoto kwa zone m'nkhalango Titafika pamalo, pafupifupi malire ake kumpoto. Komabe Siberia salamander chosowa kwambiri chifukwa m'chigawo chakumpoto kwa Krasnoyarsk Gawo ndipo kawirikawiri m'Baibulo mokha malire chapamwamba kwa mtsinje miyala Tunguska m'nkhalango pine.

Pakati pa Putorana Reserve mitundu amphibian anapeza mu July 1982 mu Nyanja Harpicha. Choncho, ngati atapeza Siberia salamander kuchuluka kwa anthu anayi pa malo a Putoransky mapiri pamalo okwera mamita 481 ndi chofunika kwambiri ndipo umaimira chidwi kwambiri mawu a zoogeography.

Kuderako ndikusunga - Putoransky bighorn nkhosa

Putorana Reserve ndi dera yekha, ukhale mmodzi wa wamkulu nyama pang'ono padziko lonse lapansi - Putoransky bighorn nkhosa, kapena bighorn. Iye anatchula pano monga subspecies osiyana, ndipo zili m'gulu la Red Book la Soviet Union, ndipo tsopano Russia. Malo okhala - pakati m'dera Putoransky mapiri, m'chigawo cha mazana makilomita ku yogawa dera subspecies ena chisanu nkhosa.

Waterworld Putorana

Mu Putoransky malo mu madzi a mitsinje ndicho mitundu 36 ya nsomba. Iwo amatchuka mitundu apa ambiri kuderako, monga Grayling, whitefish ndi nsomba gale-. Ambiri a iwo afufuza mpaka sikokwanira, osati kudziwa udindo wawo taxonomic. Pamaso pa mitundu yambiri intraspecific kwambiri kumawonjezera zosiyanasiyana za kusamala malo nsomba.

Waukulu kuteteza mitundu

Nyama mwapafupi kwambiri kulondera zotsatirazi: kolala lemming, nkhosa bighorn, mbawala, ermine, caribou, musk-makoswe, sable, amphaka, zofiirira chimbalangondo. Mbalame - kabawi, wamng'ono woyera, Mphamba kadzidzi, woyera-tailed mphungu, kadzidzi bearded, capercaillie wamba ndi mwala, wakuda Crane, goshawk, Mbalame ya Chinsansa yaing'ono.

Kwambiri kuteteza nsomba ankaimira Siberia Grayling, whitefish, whitefish ndi gale- Ussurijskim Arctic, ndipo achule, ndi salamander kutetezedwa yekha Siberia.

Nkhokwe ya Krasnoyarsk Gawo

Onse m'chigawo Krasnoyarsk ali asanu nkhokwe chikhalidwe. Utumiki wa Natural Resources ndi Ubale wa Russia anaganiza kuti agwirizane nkhokwe Krasnoyarsk anapangidwa mu August chaka chatha. Putoransky, Taimyr, Great Arctic Nature Reserve Krasnoyarsk Gawo anali pamodzi.

nkhokwe Taimyr zambiri zokopa alendo. Ndi nyanja, m'zigwa, zitunda zathyathyathya ndi m'mapanga phiri. Ngakhale remoteness malo chiwerengero cha alendo ikukula mosalekeza. kasamalidwe amaika Taimyr zachitika ntchito zotsatirazi maulendo alendo: chilengedwe, zochitika, maphunziro ndi ethno-zokopa alendo.