Rugby ndi mbiri, malamulo, modernity

Rugby - si otchuka kwambiri masewera Russian, ngakhale mu West ali zotsatirazi yaikulu. Komanso, mtundu uwu masewera m'gulu pulogalamu Olympic, ndipo pali osachepera ziri kulingalira malamulo ake.

masewera History

Mpira kuchuluka yaikulu mayina ndi mitundu. Amagwiritsidwanso zambiri kusokonezedwa ndi mpira American, mwina chifukwa chakuti malamulo ndi zolinga zofanana kwambiri. Komabe Rugby - ndi kwathunthu osiyana masewera chinayambira ku England.

Ngakhale masewera mpira anthu ambiri ku Albion mu Ages Middle, tsiku lanuli maonekedwe a chilango chimenechi masewera imatengedwa pa April 7 1823 chaka. Tsiku lomwelo, panthawi ya madyerero polemekeza chikondwerero cha chigonjetso pa Waterloo, 16 wazaka wokhala mumzinda wa Rugby kuphwanya malamulo onse a masewera anamugwira mpira manja ake ndipo anathamangira kwa mdani, "m'munsi ndi". Uilyam Vebb Ellis ali osati kukhala tate wa masewera atsopano, chikudziwika ngati malo maonekedwe ake, komanso anamuphunzitsa ulamuliro choyamba - kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha osewera mu timu ya teni.

Kaya zimenezi n'zoona kapena ayi - n'zovuta kunena, koma ndi nthano ino mizu m'maganizo a anthu, kuphatikizapo mamembala a kusewera ammudzi. Kenako zinalengedwa malamulo, mpira ali nawo mawonekedwe ano, kupanga izo womasuka kugwira ndi kutaya, ndipo mu 1900 masewera wakhala m'gulu pulogalamu Olympic. Koma posakhalitsa - kale mu 1924 mu chimango cha Games Mpikisano kusewera inachitika kwa nthawi yotsiriza, ndipo tsopano Championship lalikulu mpira ndi Championship dziko lomwe kwachitika zaka 4. Komabe, m'chaka cha 2016 mafani amapenyerera ndi zazikulu kubweranso kwa mmodzi wa mitundu ya masewera pa masewero a Olympic a ku Brazil.

mitundu

Rugby - masewera kuti angatchedwe mwachilungamo wamng'ono. Komabe, anapambulwa pa mpira ndi njira zawo za chitukuko lili palokha kuthi nambala yaikulu mitundu. Kusiyana waukulu pakati pawo ikukhudzana bwanji ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi kapena osewera pa munda. Mtundu bwino kwambiri kwa kusewera-7, amene anaphatikizidwa pulogalamu ya Games Olympic mu 2016. Mwazina, masewero akhoza idzaseweredwe pa chisanu kapena gombe, ndipo tidzakambirana masewera osiyana.

Komanso, anthu wamba ambiri zambiri kusokoneza kusewera ndi American mpira. Otsiriza, monga mitundu yake Canada kusanduka mitundu kale za masewero ku Britain, koma tsopano zimadalira kwathunthu masewera. Mwachitsanzo, mu mpira, chikukhudza zipewa wapadera ndi zina zida zolimba kuti si mu kusewera.

malamulo

Ulendo oyamba codify masewera linapangidwa mu mzinda womwewo wa Rugby. Izo zinachitika mu 1846, ndipo woyamba boma machesi mayiko unachitika mu 1871. Malamulo amakono a masewera ali motere:

• machesi zikuchitika pa malo munda wa osapitirira 100x70 meters. Pamodzi m'mbali mwa chipata ndi wa zipilala ziwiri ofukula ndi Mzere yopingasa. Munda ndasonyeza kwa malo ochepa amene malamulo amapereka kwa zina la masewera.
• Ntchito yaikulu ya player wa - kuti mphambu mpira gulu lotsutsa, kapena kusuntha mu malo kwa iwo kukhudza pansi. Pakuti ili, komanso zinthu zina zipatso, mfundo akuwonjezeka.
• Kudutsa patsogolo ndikoletsedwa - mukhoza kudali mpira likufanana ndi mzere cholinga kapena osewera kumbuyo. Kutumiza kutumiza projectile angakhoze kokha mwendo kapena kuthamanga ndi izo.
• Kulola player ndi kumvetsetsa mpira. Cholinga - kugogoda mdani kumapazi ake, pamene iye ayenera kupanga chiphaso kwa mnzanu wina. Anandilola imagwira kwa gawo lirilonse la thupi kupatula mutu ndi khosi. Izi si m'malo sitepe kapena kukankha mdani.
• masewera nthawi Mphindi 80 wangwiro, ogaŵikana amachepetsa awiri. Wopambana ndi timu nthawi iyi ndi mfundo zambiri.

N'zoonekeratu kuti malamulo si yovuta, koma pali zinthu zingapo zapadera monga doko, ndipo nkhondo khansa. Choyamba, mawu zikutanthauza imeneyi wosewera mpira ndi mpira ndi oletsedwa ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo osewera ena popitiriza kukhudzana ndi teammates. Ngati chachiwiri izo zifika ku othamanga kukhudzana, pamene projectile ali pansi pakati pawo. Pomaliza, nkhondo - ndi chimodzi ndi zinthu zambiri zochititsa chidwi ndi kuzindikira za masewera. Pamene iye anaikidwa woweruza, osewera alimbane pansi chiwembu wapadera ndi kulowa asamenyane momasuka ndi cholinga kuti alande mpira. Ngakhale kuti pali maganizo kuti kusewera - ichi ndi masewera zoopsa kwambiri zoona, kumvera malamulo a amadwala kochepa.

osewera

Mu mitundu tingachipeze powerenga, aliyense timu tichipeza 15 zazikulu 7 mmalo. Iwo omwe ali pa munda, ogaŵikana patsogolo 8 ndi 7 zokometsera. Aliyense player, onse woyamba ndi Gulu lachiwiri, pa malo ake amagwira ntchito yeniyeni, onse m'kati wamba a masewera, ndi zinthu zapadera. Ndipo ngakhale zingaoneke kuti kusewera ndi kanthu kochita kwa omwe sangathe kudzitama chifukwa cha kukula ndi mphamvu, si choncho. See ndi kuyenda zikhoza kukhala yofunika, makamaka pamene kuli kofunikira kuti alande mpira pa nkhondo.

Pomaliza, kuli chiwerengero chachikulu zosiyanasiyana masewera, kusinthidwa kwa anthu ngakhale popanda wapadera thupi maphunziro, limanena kuti osewera kusewera - uyu si mapiri minofu.

yogawa zamakono

Rugby - ndi wachiwiri otchuka kwambiri masewera mu dziko, pambuyo mpira mwachizolowezi. Iwo ankasewera m'mayiko oposa 100 padziko lonse, ndi m'mayiko zingapo ngakhale kutchulidwa masewera dziko. Mu 1886, bungwe la International Rugby Board (IRB) wakhala anapanga. thupi ili chikuchita ndi nkhani zonse zokhudza Games.

Nthawi zonse unachitikira thupi. Yaikulu ya izi ndi Championship dziko, koma palinso kupeza katswiri osiyana magulu kumpoto hemispheres Kumwera. Limodzi ndi wamphongo ndi wamkazi nthawi zambiri unachitikira thupi. Mu Games Olympic mpaka nthawi kusewera lomaliza sanali m'gulu chifukwa cha malamulo lolamulira kutulukira sabata pakati pa masewera kwa magulu amene, mu mpikisano 16-day zosatheka.