St. Alexis, munthu wa Mulungu: moyo, chithunzi, chizindikiro, tsiku la St. Alexis, pemphero kwa Saint Alexis

Kuyambira kalekale, St. Alexis anali wolemekezeka. Uyu ndi munthu wa Mulungu, yemwe sanakakamizedwe ngati moni, komabe, iye anawerengedwa pakati pa oyera mtima.

"O Khristu Wamkulu, woyera, munthu woyera wa Mulungu Alexei, tipempherere kwa Mulungu!" - izi zikhoza kuoneka pemphero lalifupi, lomwe likhoza kuwerengedwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa munthu aliyense za chitetezo cha nyumba yake, banja lake, mzinda ndi dziko lonse. Mukhoza kupempha thandizo ndi chitetezo pa zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku zoopsa, panyanja ndi pamtunda, m'dera la nkhondo komanso m'mawa, tsiku lotsatira.

Dzina

Chitetezo, kulingalira, kupewa - mawu onsewa akuimira Alexei. Dzina limeneli lili ndi udindo wapadera ku Russia. Mu kalendala ya Orthodox, tsiku la St. Alexis likuchitika kangapo, pali oyera angapo omwe ali ndi dzina limenelo. Okhulupirira a Orthodox amalemekeza makamaka mwana wa Romanovs - Tsarevich Alexei. Tsarevich Alexei ndi Revusa akugwirizanitsa ulusi wosawoneka. Pambuyo pake, ndi iye yekha amene anayamba kutumikira m'kachisimo utumiki wapadera ndi kumanga akachisi ndi dzina la woyera.

Mwachitsanzo, pa malamulo a Tsar Mikhail Romanov, m'mudzi wa malo a Princess Trubetskoi, kachisi wa Monk anamangidwa. Mudzi umenewu unkatchedwa Kopytovo, ndipo kenako unadzatchedwa Alekseevskoe. Kumeneku mfumuyo inkafunafuna nthawi yokwanira ndikusangalala ndi banja lake. Anachokera pamalo ano omwe anapita ku Utatu-Sergius Lavra. Patapita nthaŵi, tchalitchi cha matabwa chinatha, ndipo chinasweka. Mpando wachifumu unasamutsidwa ku kachisi wamamangidwa wa Mama Tikhvin wa Tikhvin, kumene tsopano kuli kachisi wa Alekseevsky.

Mizu

Saint Alexis mwiniwake amachokera ku Roma. Makolo ake anali odzipereka, obadwa mwaufulu. Dzina la abambo ake linali Evtimian, ndipo amayi ake anali Aglaya. Kubadwa kwa mwana wamwamuna yemwe anali kuyembekezera kwa nthawi yaitali a banja lachiroma anali mu zaka za m'ma 500. Alex anakulira miyambo yachikhristu, ndi chitsanzo cha makolo omwe nthawi zonse ankathandiza opemphapempha, akazi amasiye, othawa, ana amasiye ndi onse omwe amafunikira thandizo lawo. Kuyambira ali wamng'ono iye ankafuna kutumikira Mulungu mmodzi yekha, komabe, atakwanitsa zaka zambiri, iye anakakamizidwa kuti agwirizane ndi mtsikana wachinyamata.

Koma osakhala naye, mkwatibwi yomweyo anapatsa mkwatibwi mphete yake. "Ambuye akhale pakati pathu ..." Alexei adanena, kuwonetsa momveka bwino kwa mkazi wake kuti azisunga mphete mpaka Mulungu awasintha ndi chisomo chake. Atanena izi, adapita ku Asia, kumene adagawira zonse zomwe adali nazo, ndikuganiza ngati wopemphapempha.

Tsopano Alexis, munthu woyera, anakhala wopemphapempha mophweka, akupempha pafupi ndi kachisi wachifundo. Anakhala usiku kuti apemphere kwa Mulungu. Izo zakhala kwa zaka seventini. Madzi okha ndi mkate adatumikira mbusa. N'zosatheka kufotokozera chisangalalo chimene adapeza pamene adalandira mphatso kwa atumiki ake omwe anali kufunafuna mwana wambuye yemwe akusowa ndipo maluso a Mulungu anali m'malo awa.

Atumikiwo sanamuzindikire mbuye wake wopemphapempha, kupempha thandizo kuchokera ku kachisi. Alexei anali munthu wa Mulungu ndipo anali wolungama pakati pa anthu. Pofuna kutchuka kwake, adaganiza kuchoka pamalo ano ndi kuchoka ku Edessa, mzinda umene adakhala nthawi zonse (lero ndi Turkey), kumene maso ake akuwoneka, atakhala pa chombo choyamba chomwe chinali panjira yopita ku Tariso (kumene Paulo anabadwira ).

Kupereka kwa Mulungu

Koma Saint Alexis sanafike ku malo opita ndi manja a Mulungu. Mphepo yamkuntho inasintha njira ya ngalawa, ndipo adali ku Roma. Atafika kunyumba kwake, makolo ake, mkazi wake, antchito ake sanamuzindikire ... Koma iwo analandira mosangalala mlalikiyo ndikumupatsa malo ake. Kotero olungama anakhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, akugonjetsedwa ndi anyamata osiyanasiyana, omwe adatenga kuchokera kwa iye chakudya chomwe chinatumizidwa kwa wopembedza kuchokera patebulo la mbuye wake. Sitinganene kuti woyera adakhala zaka izi mosavuta, akuyang'ana kuchokera kumbali kwa makolo ake ndi mkazi wake, omwe anali kulira chifukwa cha Alexei akusowa ...

Imfa

Akumva njira yakufa, Saint Alexis, munthu wa Mulungu, adafotokoza momveka bwino moyo wake. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo anthu adamva mau a Mulungu mu Katolika wa St. Peter, amene adaitana kuti apeze munthu wa Mulungu, wokhoza kupempherera Roma. Anthu anali atatayika, monga iwo anamva kachiwiri kuitana kwa Mulungu. Izi zinachitika kale pamaso pa mfumu Honorius mwiniyo. Liwulo linaloza nyumba ya Bambo Euthymian, kumene antchito adatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa wopemphapempha mwa iye amene amapemphera mosalekeza ndikuchepetsa modzichepetsa manyazi onse. Atafika kunyumba kwa anthu achikufi, anthu anaona kuti wakufayo anali wolungama Alexei, yemwe nkhope yake inawala, ndipo m'manja mwake munali mpukutu wofotokoza moyo wake wonse.

Zozizwitsa zoyamba

Kwa nthawi yaitali makolo ndi akazi anali kulira pamtanda wa woyera mtima. Iwo adadabwa ndi chilungamo chake. Ndipo mpukutuwo m'manja mwa Alexei unali wovuta kwambiri moti palibe amene akanatha kuutenga. Ndipo pokhapokha mfumuyo itadzichepetsa modzichepetsa idagwada pansi pamaso pa thupi la munthu wolungama ndikumupempha kuti asatambasule manja ake, kuti atenge zolembazo, mpukutuwo unayamba kupezeka.

Pambuyo pokhapokha mtembo wa asilikaliwo utatumizidwa ku tchalitchi chachikulu, mitsinje ya oyendayenda inapita kwa iye, ambiri mwa iwo adachiritsidwa mozizwitsa. Zotsalira za woyera mtima zinatengedwa ngakhale ndi mfumu mwiniyo. Woyendayenda uja anaikidwa pa makumi atatu a March mu mpingo wa Saint Boniface. Tsopano ndi Tsiku la St. Alexis. Iko kunali pano komwe iye anakwatirana naye ndi mkazi wake. Kotero Alexius Woyera, popanda kutenga malumbiro aumulungu, adakwaniritsa chilungamo ndipo amalemekezedwa ngati munthu wopembedza kwambiri yemwe adalandira nkhope ya Monk.

Kulemekeza

Mpaka zaka khumi ndi khumi kulemekezedwa kwa woyera mtima kunafalikira makamaka ku Orthodox East. Kuchokera m'zaka za zana la khumi dzina lake likuwonekera mwa oyera mtima a Roma. Mu 1216, mapepala a woyera adapezedwanso. Iwo aikidwa pansi pa mpando wachifumu wa kachisi, womwe uli pa phiri la Aventine. Ngakhale kuti mpingo wokha kuyambira 986 unkatchedwa St. Vonifatia ndi Alexis. Pansipa pali chithunzi cha St. Alexis, chomwe chikuimira chithunzichi. Lero zolemba za woyera zimagawidwa ndikusungidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko la Orthodox. Pali miyambo yokhudzana ndi wachiwiri wachigiriki wa Agia-Lavra, woperekedwa ndi Emperor Manuel kwa mtsogoleri wa Alexei, ponena za kubwezedwa kwa msika wa Novgorod wa dzanja la olungama kuchokera ku Sofia ndi ena. Mu 2006, gawo la zolembedwera zoperekedwa ndi mbali ya Italy zinadza ku nyumba ya amonke ya Ioanno-Predtechensky.

Kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, dzina la woyera mtima adatchuka mwamsanga, chifukwa amishonale ambiri ndi alaliki omwe anabwera kuno kuchokera Kummawa. Ntchito yoyamba ya ku Ulaya inali ndakatulo yolembedwa ndi chilankhulo cha Chingerezi cha Chifalansa, amene analembapo anali Tibo Champagne.

Kulemekezeka kwa fano

Ku Russia, chifaniziro cha woyera mtima, moyo wake ndi chikhalidwe chake chinapangitsa ojambula ndi olemba kuti apange ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kulambira kwake kunachokera ku Byzantium. M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages buku "Sacred Legends" linatchuka kwambiri, yemwe analembapo anali Jacob Varaginsky. Kwa anthu ntchitoyi imadziwikanso pansi pa dzina la "Golden legend". Ku Ulaya konse, kanali kudziwika ponena za nthanozi. Bukhulo linalongosola miyoyo mazana awiri ya oyera mtima, pakati pawo anali woyera Saint Alexis. Ntchitozo zinalembedwanso m'nyumba za ambuye m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana: kuchokera ku Catalan, German mpaka Polish.

"Golden Legend" yatsutsidwa kawiri kawiri pa nthawi ya kukonzanso, koma pa nthawi yomweyi inali yachiwiri ku Baibulo pa kutchuka. Mpaka zaka zana ndi khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, zozikidwa pa nthano za Golden Legend, zithunzi zambiri, zojambula, zojambula, zojambula, ma oratorios, mafilimu ndi zojambula zina zidapangidwa. Pakati pawo, St. Alexis ndi malo ofunika kwambiri. Ku Russia panthawiyi, panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Alexei Mikhailovich, nyimbo zambiri, ndakatulo ndi nkhani zoperekedwa kwa olungama zinalembedwa.

Times la USSR

Koma zaka zotsatirazi dzina la Alexei linalemekezedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu Soviet Union, asilikali amphamvu dzina lake Alexei anali ndi nambala yokwanira. Analembedwa ngakhale nyimbo yotchuka "Alyosha", yomwe inathandizidwa ndi Konstantin Vanshenkin ndi Eduard Kolmanovsky. Alyosha - chinali chifaniziro, gulu ladziko, osati a Russia okha, komanso a ku Bulgaria. Nyimbo "Alyosha" inakhala nyimbo ya mzinda wa Plovdiv, ndipo udindo wa Aleksei Skurlatov unakhala fano la chipilala cha khumi ndi chimodzi. Anali m'gulu la usilikali m'chaka cha 1944 ku Bulgaria, woyang'anira foni ndi telefoni pakati pa Sofia ndi Plovdiv.

Zovuta

Mwamwayi, pambuyo pa zochitika zina mu 1989, nyimbo "Alyosha" inasiya kuyimba tsiku ndi tsiku pa wailesi mumzinda wa Plovdiv. Anthu ammudzimo adafuna kuti awononge chikumbutsochi ngati chizindikiro cha "Soviet occupation". Komabe, pansi pa chisankho cha Khoti Lalikulu ku Bulgaria, chikumbutsocho sichinakhudzidwe, chinasiyidwa ngati chizindikiro cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. Dzina la Alyosha lidakali wotchuka pakati pa anthu a Slav, makamaka ku Russia ndi Bulgaria. Ndipo mumzinda wotchuka wa Kharkov, polemekeza woyera, dera lonse limatchedwa - Alekseyevka. Palinso gwero lomwe liri ndi dzina lomwelo.

Zithunzi ndi misonkhano ya tchalitchi

Ponena za zojambulajambula, tinganene kuti chojambula choyamba cha St. Alexis chinayambira zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu. Ankawonekera m'mafeleko a kachisi wa Aroma wa Oyera a Boniface ndi Alexis pa Hill Aventine. Chithunzi chojambula cha Russia chimadziwika ndi kufanana kwa mafano a St. John the Foreunner ndi wolungama Alexei. Ku Ulaya, zithunzi zojambulazo zimasonyeza makamaka zochitika za moyo wa wopembedza, malingana ndi nthano zomwe zafotokozedwa m'mabuku osiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri ankawonekera papa atagwada pansi pamaso pa oyera mtima ndi atumiki ake akutsanulira madzi onyansa pa wopempha Alexei.

Pa utumiki mu tchalitchi, Orthodox St. Alexis Anatchulidwa mu studio omwe amawunikirayi komanso powerenga mabuku apadera, olembedwa ndi Joseph Pesnopisiec. Mosiyana ndi Tchalitchi cha Orthodox, Tchalitchi cha Katolika sichikanakondwerera woyera kuchokera pa kalendala yatsopano.

Izi zinachitika panthawi ya gulu lokonzanso. Tsopano tsiku ili sikofunika kuti chikondwerero, koma chikhale chosakumbukika ndi chovomerezeka kwa amonke a nyumba ndi malemba okhala ndi dzina la munthu wolungama. Komabe, Saint Alexius anakhala moyo wake kotero kuti asadzilemekeze yekha, koma kuti akhale ndi mwayi wogwirizana ndi Atate wake wakumwamba, Mlengi wa chirichonse chowoneka ndi chosawoneka, wopereka moyo ndi kuwala, chikondi ndi zabwino.

Pemphero limapweteka

M'dziko lonse lachikhristu, wina amamva kulira kwa Mulungu ndi zopempha kwa woyera mtima. Mu Orthodoxy uyu ndi munthu wapadera wolungama, omwe okhulupirira amatembenuka tsiku ndi tsiku. Pali zochitika zambiri za machiritso ndi zozizwitsa zina zomwe Mulungu amasonyeza poyerekeza ndi anthu, m'mitima ndi pamilomo yomwe imamveka pemphero la St. Alexis, pempho lothandizira kulunjika kwa munthu wolungama amene adalandira chisomo chachikulu kuchokera kwa Mulungu ndi moyo wake wokondwerera.

Pempheroli likufotokozedwa m'mabuku ambiri a mapemphero a Orthodox komanso magwero ena. Angathe kugula m'masitolo a tchalitchi, matchalitchi a Orthodox, amapezeka pamagetsi pa intaneti. Komabe, ngakhale mutakhalabe pafupi, mungathe kutembenukira kwa woyera kuti athandizidwe mozama mu mtima wanu mumapemphero ochokera pansi pamtima. Tchulani m'mawu anuanu zonse zopweteka, mumutchule ngati bwenzi lanu komanso moyo wanu wonse pamaso pa Wam'mwambamwamba. Onetsetsani kuti pempho lanu lidzamvekedwa, ndipo ngati silikutsutsana ndi lamulo la Mulungu, ngati silikukhudzidwa ndi ena kapena kudzipangitsa nokha, Mulungu adzayankha pempho la St. Alexis zokhuza zomwe mukufunikira.