St. Petersburg timbewu tonunkhira, ndi mbiri yake

Mmodzi wa makadi bizinesi ya St. Petersburg ndi zapamwamba timbewu wake - mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. Anakhazikitsidwa mu 1724, kunakhala kenako sewerolo yaikulu ya ndalama - kuphatikizapo golide ndi siliva, mendulo yaulemu, kanali ndi zina zopangidwa ndi zitsulo sanali akakhala. Saint Petersburg timbewu ndi yoyambirira ija zochokera ku likulu la kumpoto amakampani mafakitale.

Timbewu pa Neva

Mwa zolembedwa m'mbiri ya Petrine nyengo anakhalabe lamulo mfumu anailemba December 12, 1724. Ukulu anamulamulira mu dera la yatsopano Petro ndi Paulo Linga kukhazikitsa minting ndalama golide. tsiku ili ndi St. Petersburg timbewu amaona tsiku la kubadwa kwake. Zinali ndiye kuti poyamba ndalama Russian wokometsedwera chidule "SPB", choncho bwino masiku ano zonse okhometsa ndalama nakhala, mpaka 1914, chizindikiro cha St. Petersburg Ndalama.

Nthawi kuyambira penipeni, kampani zinapangidwa ndalama zipembedzo zosiyana za golide, pulatinamu ndi siliva. Anagwiritsanso ena malamulo yachilendo. Zikuphatikizapo yopanga ducats Dutch mu 1768-1769, motero, ndipo piastres Turkey mu nthawi kuchokera 1808 mpaka 1809. Kuyambira 1833 izo unayambitsidwa kupanga ndalama Russian, anali wapawiri Chirasha Polish chipembedzo. Nkhani ya ndalama za mtundu umenewo mpaka 1841.

Recoinage akale ndi kupanga ndalama zatsopano

Pamene mints zotumphukira monga Tauride (Feodosia), Suzunsky (mu Siberia) ndi Tiflis, kukhazikitsa ulimi lotsatira yonse ya ndalama, mlandu wa mndandanda zinalembedwa, monga ulamuliro, pa mtsinje wa Neva. Palinso ndalama umboni kwa faifi tambala anali kupangidwa mu 1911. Development wa sayansi ya ulimi wawo opangidwa mwachindunji mu zasayansi la timbewu tonunkhira.

Amadziwika kuti kuyambira 1762 minting ndalama mobwerezabwereza anachitira 1796 ku Russia, mwachitsanzo, popereka ndalama kale kupangidwa kwa fano osiyana ndi sitampu latsopano. Iyo inali kuyambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zachuma. Kukhazikitsa pulogalamu ya St. Petersburg timbewu monga abwino kwambiri mawu a mphamvu luso anasankhidwa.

Chifukwa m'malo okwezeka zamakono mlingo wa ulimi, pali zambiri chopangidwa mfumukazi maselo - masitampu ndi mpumulo fano kwa mints zoweta, komanso angapo makampani akunja amene walemba zimenezi ndi boma la Russia.

zizindikiro kupanga mphoto

Kuwonjezera mankhwala ali, ndi St. Petersburg timbewu zaka zambiri ntchito ikuchitika kwa kupanga mendulo ndi zokongoletsa. Zinali osiyana ndi zofunika kwambiri malangizo a ntchito zake. kupanga amenewa ndi mawu onse ena, kuyambira pamafunika onse mkulu zamakono msinkhu ndi luso. History wateteza maina ambiri otchuka ojambula zithunzi-medalists wa zaka zapitazi.

Kafukufuku wa sayansi mu zasayansi a ogwira ntchito ndi

Timbewu komanso muli phindu lalikulu chitukuko cha sayansi dziko. Ngakhale cha m'ma XVIII, mpanda wake anayamba ntchito kafukufuku kulekana kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Iwo n'zogwirizana ndi mayina a oyambitsa otchuka Russian, monga A. K. Nartov, I. A. Shlatter, P. G. Sobolevsky ndi B. S. Yakobi. ntchito yawo ndi mphamvu kwambiri patsogolo Russian luso XVIII-XIX zaka.

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1876 mpaka 1942 yopanga chachikulu malo mitundu yonse ya ndalama, mendulo yaulemu ndi zokongoletsa ndi St. Petersburg timbewu tonunkhira, chizindikiro cha zomwe Tingaone kwambiri pa zinthu za nthawi imeneyo. Mu choyezera, umisiri wapadera kugwirizana ndi enamels kuphika yapangidwa ndi akuyendera zotsimikizira zomera kuŵeta zokongoletsa ndi mendulo.

Timbewu panthawi ya nkhondo

Pamene nkhondo inayamba mu 1941, mbali yaikulu ya zida ogwira anali anasamutsidwa mmbuyo ndipo liku- lu mu Krasnokamsk pepala mphero mu masitolo "Goznak". Palinso chifukwa unsembe wake ndi kutumidwa anatumizidwa ku Leningrad makumi akatswiri oyenerera.

Izi zonse zimene akanatha kuti athandize mzinda kuzungulira, monga chochuluka antchito anali kutsogolo ndipo ndinamenya nawo militias. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, pamene kufunika mphoto ndi mendulo anali amphamvu kwambiri, timbewu Krasnokamsk sanathenso kwathunthu mtima amayi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, boma anaganiza kukhazikitsa timbewu mu Moscow, pa dera la zomera yosindikiza.

The ogwira wamkulu "Goznak"

Today St. Petersburg timbewu tonunkhira, amene ankaimira manyazi pa ndalama zambiri zamakono ndi mendulo, mbali ya Russian Association "Goznak".

M'zaka zaposachedwapa anawonjezera kwambiri assortment wa mankhwala mmenemo, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa malamulo boma yakwanira ndipo payekha, akubwera onse anthu ndi ku nyumba zosiyanasiyana malonda. Chidule SPMD (St. Petersburg timbewu) ndi bwino bwino ndi okhometsa onse amene chilakolako akusonkhanitsa ndalama.