The Amu Darya Mtsinje - mtsempha wamagazi madzi a limati zisanu

The Amu Darya Mtsinje - yaikulu madzi ku Central Asia. m'litali ndi 1415 Km, ndi dziwe madzi wambiri - Bole 309.000 makilomita lalikulu. Wasefukira mwa maiko asanu: Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan ndi Kyrgyzstan. Mtsinje ndi Pyandj Vahsh kupanga maphatikizidwe. The otaya waukulu aumbike mwa Tajikistan - 85% ndi kumpoto Afghanistan - 15%. Amu Darya amalowa Nyanja Aral, kufupi ndi kumene ndipamene ankadziwana. The mtsinje ali 3 makhwawa lalikulu lamanja: Sherabad, Kafirnigan ndi Surkhandarya. Pali yaing'ono kumanzere tributary - Kunduz. Zopangira mtsinjewo ayezi ndi meltwater. 80% madzi 36 kusintha mu buku la Madamu kiyubiki mamita biliyoni 24. The otaya pachaka mtsinje - 73,6 Km ^3. Zolemba malire otaya mlingo - m'chilimwe, osachepera - mu January ndi February.

kufunika Economic wa Amu Darya

mtsinje Izi n'zofunika kwa chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu amene akukhala beseni ake. Madzi ntchito ntchito zapakhomo, m'badwo magetsi, ulimi, chifukwa kumwa ndi ntchito mafakitale. Mu malire kunsi kwa mtsinje ndi nyanja floodplain nsomba m'deralo. Mu mzinda wa Turkmenabat Malo Amu Darya mtsinje ndi waukulu. Madzi kwa gawo lalikulu anachitira ndi ulimi ulimi wothirira, monga ntchito imeneyi ndi gawo lofunika la chuma m'mayiko onse asanu - 35% ya GDP. Mwachitsanzo, mu Afghanistan, 80% ya anthu ndi ntchito gawo lino. Kuposa wina aliyense kuti ulimi Turkmenistan ndi Uzbekistan - mpaka 40%. Pa Amu Darya anamanga lalikulu mu dziko njira - Karakum, imene pali minda yaikulu tirigu ndi thonje. Komanso, ambiri mavwende wamkulu.

nkhani

mtsinje wakhala kuyambira nthawi makedzana. The wakale Greek mbiri Herodotus analemba kuti Amu Darya m'kamwa wakale wa 40 analowa chithaphwi ndipo anali 360 TV, koma malaya chimodzi chokha zimapita ku Nyanja Caspian. Koma akatswiri a masiku ano aona kuti madzi ukufika yekha Sarykamysh nyanja. Choncho, nkhani ya mbiri akale mwina zochokera zikhulupiriro zongomva pakamwa. Amu mu masiku amakedzana ankavala maina ambiri. Azolowasita amanenela Vakhsh, argali, kapena Raha Ranh. Agiriki akale otchedwa Aras. Ndipo mu nthawi ya adzagonjetsa Aleksandra Makedonskogo Mtsinje dzina lake anali Oksos. Pa magombe a Amu Darya anaika limati lalikulu la masiku amakedzana: Khorezm, Bactria ndi Sogdiana. Mu Middle Ages kwa Amu Darya anali ochita malonda njira ku Russia kuti Bukhara. Peter ndinayesa kuchita mbali pa malonda a Russian Mtsinje. M'masiku awo anali anafufuza Amu Darya mtsinje. Map of nthawi molondola kwambiri. maphunziro mwadongosolo mtsinje linayamba m'zaka za m'ma XX. Pa nthawi yomweyo tinayamba kusunga zikuchokera madzi.

zachilengedwe

Pa Amu Darya khumi zapitazi chathandiza katundu anachititsa kuwonongeka lakuthwa mu zikuchokera madzi. Komanso panali vutoli. The Amu Darya mtsinje tsiku zikusonyeza Alamu magawo mineralization ndi kuuma. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1940 godu madzi kuuma anali 4.2 mg.ekv / lita. Mu 90 TH chaka - 9. Ndipo lero - 9,8 mg.ekv / lita. mchere ndende zimadalira nyengo. zolozerazi chifukwa kumaliseche chachikulu m'nyumba mtsinje ndi madzi mafakitale, zili zofunikira effluents pamwamba ndi mpweya kuchokera ziwiya mtsinje. Monga mtsinje umayenda mwa malire a maiko ambiri, vuto la mankhwala ake - khama zovuta. Chibwenzi, maboma a mayiko onse asanu kasasanya ndi mapangano anasaina.

nsomba

Nsomba zimapezeka malire m'munsi mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja mu Amu Darya beseni. Asodzi kupanga chachikulu - ndi carp, nsomba, chub, barbel ndi Marinka. Koma malire chapamwamba, chabwino kwambiri nsomba - Osman, omwe m'malo mwa mumapezeka nsomba mtsinje. mtundu chandamale, ndipo amapezeka pa mitundu zana osiyana mu madzi a Amu Darya. Marinka, barbel ndi Ottoman - ndi zolengedwa wapadera kwambiri amene ali makamaka Amu Darya. Iwo ndi tinyanga tikuyang'ana kwa nyama mu madzi kale loipa. Osman wosiyana barbel ndi marinka kuti mchira wake ndi mbali okutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono, osowa, anabala mwamtheradi mimba, ndipo pali 2 gawo zina. Usodzi Amu Darya akuthamanga kuchokera May kwa October. Mukhoza kugwira kupota, Bulu ndi poludonkami.

zokopa alendo

Iwo akukonda kuno rafting. Ndipo Amu Darya ndi Syr Darya ndi wokongola pankhaniyi - pali malo angapo chidwi. njira amayamba makilomita angapo kuchokera Tashkent. aloyi pachimake m'ma September ndi October. Okonda mbiri ndi kuyenda kuno ku dziko lonse kaso otchuka mizinda yakale lofedwa.Ndivomereze Amudarya Reserve. mabacteria angapo nyengo ili m'mphepete mwa mtsinje chipululu, theka chipululu ndi mapiri. Mu ichi dera moyo humped ndi ngamila ziwiri humped, ali m'gulu pangozi chisanu kambuku. Komanso pali lili chozizwitsa Mollakara nyanja, kumene matenda ambiri anachiritsidwa. Apa kamodzi maluwa mzinda wakale wa nthawi ya Alexander Wamkulu - Nisa. Amu Darya - ndi chithumwa wosatha wa mbiri.