The Jewish Autonomous Region. Capital, khadi, chithunzi

May 7, 1934 ndi Maonekedwe a Komiti chapakati Executive, amene analenga Ayuda Autonomous Region. udindo wake anapatsidwa Birobidzhan dera.

Nkhani ya

m'gawo Priamurja kuyambira nthawi zakale anali anthu mafuko palokha kuti ndi manambala yaing'ono. Amenewa anali Tungus, Daur ndi duchers. anthu Russian anayamba kufufuza mayiko amenewa mpaka cha m'ma 17. The kutsogolera kwa izi zinali za misonkhano Vasiliya Poyarkova, umene unachitika mu June 1644 Russian chikoka mu dera Amur manowa Erofey Khabarov. Pambuyo pomenya nkhondo, mayiko amenewa pang'onopang'ono kujowina boma Russian.

Pambuyo ulimi wa 1917 boma latsopano anaganiza kukopa anthu achiyuda ndi ntchito yopindulitsa ndipo anayamba kufufuza m'dera la nyumba yake. atsogoleri Soviet anali anakonza dongosolo limene Ayuda Autonomous Region anayenera kulengedwa. lingaliro ili, mwa zina, anali gawo ndale. Kulenga ngati yoyenda yokha dera anali bwino ndi Kumadzulo, umene panthawi imeneyo sanamuzindikire boma wamng'ono. Komanso, chitukuko Far East wa USSR kunali koyenera, amene kwambiri akuopsezedwa ndi Japanese.

Kusankha pa kuthetsa wa Ayuda mu Amur Region dziko wopanda anatengedwa 28/03/1928 ndi CEC Presidium. 20.08.1930 ulamuliro womwewo Soviet chikalata zochita pa mapangidwe chigawo Birobidzhan, zomwe ndi mbali ya dera Far East. Likulu wagawo izi utsogoleri anali siteshoni Tikhonkaya. Mu 1931 izo anadzatchedwa mu Birobidzhan Pamudzi. Chinachake kenako, udindo chigawo lasinthidwa. Pa m'gawo lake la Ayuda Autonomous Region unakhazikitsidwa. Legislatively atathana kuti chisankho May 7, 1934 Maonekedwe a Komiti chapakati Executive wa USSR.

madera

The Jewish Autonomous Region lili kum'mwera kwa Russia Far East m'madera. Mu gawo la kumadzulo ndi pafupi ndi Region Amur, ndi kum'mawa - ndi Khabarovsk Gawo. Kum'mwera kwa dziko la Ayuda yoyenda yokha dera chikugwirizana ndi boma malire a Russia. Ilo liri limodzi Amur Mtsinje, kupitirira zomwe dziko la China.

kudziyimira pawokha Ayuda kudera la makilomita lalikulu 36,3 zikwi. Pa 01.01.2015, pa dera la anthu ake 168 zikwi. M'dzikoli. Birobidzhan mzinda ndi malo dera distilikiti.

Kanani

The kudziyimira pawokha wongokhazikitsidwa adzakhala chakuti chitsitsimutso cha m'dera mfumu ya Ayuda. Zikamera wa distilikiti kwachititsa kutsegula kwa kuchuluka kwa olowa ndi kutuluka kuchokera kunja. nyumba yake okhazikika Far East asankha anthu mazana asanu ndi awiri ku Lithuania ndi Argentina, Latvia, France, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Palestine ndi United States.

Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti chigamulo cha boma Soviet anaonetsetsa kuyankha mosangalatsa kwambiri pakati pa Ayuda. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa. The kuleza anthu anakondwera allocated kuti ndi gawo yake, n'zodalirika pa izo semblance wa statehood.

malo

City Birobidzhan dzina sonorous analandira kuchokera mayina a mitsinje awiri a loyenda pafupi - Bira ndi Bijan. M'mphepete mwa zakale, ndi anakwezedwa pakati pa utangoyamba yoyenda yokha dera. Birobidzhan pa mapu angapezeke kum'mawa kwa Bijan Mtsinje. Ilo liri kufanana Bireh ndipo lili makilomita zana kuchokera mumzinda. Akuti mitsinje awiriwa ikuyenda mu Amur amphamvu.

Birobidzhan pa mapu a Russia ndi imodzi mwa malo mwa Trans-Siberia Railway. Iwo amakhala ndi moyandikana ndi malire a dziko China (onse makilomita 75).

Zokopa EAO likulu

Main Street Birobidzhan dzina la Sholom Aleichem. Pa gawo la paki ndi chipilala kuti wolemba wotchuka Ayuda. Izi mkuwa chithunzi dvuhmetrovaya Shalom Aleikhem (Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich) ili pa m'munsi mwala. Kukometsera chipilala zamkuwa anatsalira-ziboliboli, zomwe zimasonyeza lachidule kuchokera wolemba ananena moyo wa Ayuda.

Suli kutali ndi chipilala ndi Museum Regional, amene zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi luso ano. Mu malo a bungwe lino mukhoza amasirira zojambula za akatswiri yofanana ndi zolembedwa pa nkhani ya Chipangano Chakale. Pakali pano, chopereka lili pafupi mazana awiri zidutswa za Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana, olemba ndi amisiri zigawo zingapo Russia.

Likulu la Chiyuda Autonomous District amapereka alendo ndi mumzindawo kuti ndi ntchito za gulu kulenga ya dera anthu philharmonic. Mu likulu la luso ndi chikhalidwe cha Chiyuda Autonomous Region zagwiridwa chidwi kwambiri ntchito zachilengedwe zimene nacho ndi amisiri sikisite Mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Yomanga Philharmonic nyumbayi inatha mu 1984 ndipo panopa tsiku lalikulu konsati holo ndi maulendo zosangalatsa oonera mazana asanu ndi awiri. zinthu omasuka ntchito analengedwa kuti magulu kulenga. Ndili rehearsal ndi ofesi danga, zipinda kuvala, phokoso zambiri zamakono, kuwala ndi kanema dongosolo ziyerekezo mu nyumbayi.

The philharmonic zikondwerero dera zikhalidwe Ayuda ndi Asilavo. Bwerani kuno wokaona otchuka Russian ndi achilendo soloists ndi magulu akatswiri.

Mmodzi wa zokopa chikhalidwe Birobidzhan ndi Museum Regional. N'zotheka dziŵani ndi mbiri ya kudziyimira pawokha Ayuda, amene anaonekera zaka pang'ono boma la Israel. M'zipinda chionetserocho ndi zinthu ndi zikalata kunyezimiritsa mbiri ya zikamera ndi kukula kwa mudzi. Komanso anasonkhana umboni wa zomwe chikhalidwe ndi chuma, chomwe chili District. nyumbayi ili pafupi m'sunagoge ku Lenin Street.

Alendo akhoza kufufuza Birobidzhan ndi mpingo woyamba wa miyala, anamanga m'chigawochi. Iwo Annunciation Cathedral, umene unakwaniritsidwa mu 2004 pomanga

Zozizwitsa chilengedwe bungwe ayenera kunyadira Ayuda Autonomous Region. Birobidzhan amapereka alendo ndi mumzindawo kuchezera arboretum. Pa gawo lalikulu la mahekitala 19 nakulitsa zosonkhanitsira chapadera kwa zomera. ntchito chachikulu ichi chikuchitika kuti alemere chuma chomera m'derali, komanso ntchito zachuma, maphunziro, maphunziro ndi sayansi. paki uyu ali ndi maganizo kunyadira Ayuda Autonomous Region. m'dera mapu limasonyeza kuti ndi zone nkhalango wosanganiza coniferous-deciduous. N'chifukwa chake zosiyanasiyana mitengo a ku arboretum lapansi. Palinso zitsamba. Koma, ngakhale, chaka chilichonse pabwalopo anapanga ankafika mbande mkungudza, Oil ndi spruce.

Alendo kwa wapadera maulendo malo, imene inu mukhoza kuwona ambiri mitundu mtengo. Special kudutsa njira lagona pa phiri, umene amapereka maganizo kodabwitsa kwa zitunda Uldury, Bastak, Sua-pokto. Pamodzi malire a paki ndi mayiwe yaing'ono. Anthu okhala m'mizindayo ali invertebrates yaing'ono, achule ndi Far East Siberia salamander.

Mu Birobidzhan mndandanda wa zokopa nawonso:

- Lenin chipilala anamangidwira kutsogolo kwa nyumba imene ili Boma Provincial;
- Pamwalawo anamangidwira pakhomo kumzinda, pamene pali zizindikiro zonse mu Russian ndi Chiyidishi;
- chipilala polemekeza apainiya oyambirira achiyuda pa lalikulu kutsogolo kwa siteshoni;

- kasupe ndi menorah Ayuda;
- chikumbutso ndi lawi wosatha okumbukira anthu anthu amene anafa pa Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo;
- Chapel Orthodox akulamulira chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, anamanga mu paki ya chigonjetso;
- EC-3 thanki, wokwera ngati chipilala mu 2005.
- m'sunagoge;
- Chithunzi Ayuda woyimba zeze ndi Pamwalawo ndi Muses pa Philharmonic;
- Mpingo wa Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, ndi mtengo mu 1998-99.

zone nthawi

Chifukwa chakuti ku Far East, pa mtunda wautali ku likulu la Russia ndi Ayuda yoyenda yokha dera, pamene ankatembenukira ndi ulemu kwa Moscow 7 m'mawa. Izi zone nthawi ya muyezo wa mayiko amatchedwa VLAT / VLAST (Vladivostok Time Zone). Mokhudzana Greenwich nthawi zikutanthauza ndi kosangalatsa maola 11.

nyengo

The Jewish Autonomous Region ili m'dera lolamuliridwa ndi wouma ndi yozizira, komanso yamvula ndi otentha m'chilimwe. Ndi zone ya kotentha zone chakum'mawa kwa nyengo. Ndi zinthu zachilengedwe EAO ndi imodzi mwa malo yabwino kwambiri ya Far East. NKHANI mabacteria nyengo kulenga zinthu kwambiri apa chitukuko zomera mankhwala ndi nkhalango ndi mbewu zina zaulimi.

More aakulu nyengo ya m'gawo kumpoto kwa chigawo ndi osiyana. Kuno ndi madera ena a Madzi oundana. Kum'mwera, zinthu zachilengedwe ndi abwino kwambiri kwa moyo.

Kutentha ambiri January EAO m'dera ranges pakati pa 21 ndi 26 digiri Celsius. Mu July, mpweya ndi mkangano digiri 18-21. Kuchuluka kwa outliers mu chaka mpweya ranges kuchokera 500 mpaka 800 mm.

chikhalidwe

Ayuda Autonomous Region (Far East Federal District) ali yake yapadera kupindika. Ichi ndi gawo ambiri chonde wa dera Amur ndi bwalo ya chonde pa chitukuko cha luso ndi chikhalidwe. Ndi wamkulu mu Ayuda Autonomous Region mu Far East zolembalemba situdiyo. Kudzera mwa anthu ake zinatuluka anthologies monga "Birobidzhan" ndi "kunja".

Pakati pa zochitika zofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe m'chigawo - kulengedwa kwa State Ayuda Theatre. Mu 1970, ndipo anatsegula mu Birobidzhan Ayuda Komiti zoyimbira Theatre. Posakhalitsa, zisudzo wake anayamba kukondwera anthu ndi chidole zisudzo ndi gulu loyimba la oimba vayolini.

zachilengedwe

Kumpoto kwa Ayuda yoyenda yokha dera, komanso mu gawo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa zitunda pa zili Pompeevskogo, Sutarskoye, Wamng'ono Hinggan ndi chimathandiza Bureya lokwera. Hills m'gawo la Ayuda Autonomous Region, malo otsetsereka kum'mwera okutidwa ndi nkhalango deciduous. Kumpoto kwa mapiri amenewa kukula mitengo makamaka coniferous. M'madera amenewa amapezeka honeysuckle ndi mpesa wa kuthengo, ndipo Manchurian mtedza. Chimakula pano ngakhale Nkhata Bay.

Pa gawo la Ayuda Autonomous Region ali ndi malo mwapadera kutetezedwa. Ichi ndi mahekitala oposa mazana atatu ndi zikwi ndi kusungitsa la banja la nkhokwe atatu khumi zachilengedwe zipilala.

Amazing kukongola zomera Tingaone m'mphepete mwa matupi madzi pamwamba. M'chilimwe izo limamasula Komarov zamaluwa. Ochuluka, ndi kanjedza mwana, mdima pinki pamakhala kukometsera madzi.

The wapadera Geological Kapangidwe ka gawo la Ayuda Autonomous Region amalola kuti zolosera za kupeza pano mafuta ndi miyala golide, mafuta ndi thanthwe mankwala, yokongola ndi akukumana miyala, pulatinamu ndi diamondi. Pakali pano, pali kupanga kopitirira chitsulo ndi manganese miyala, talc ndi magnesite, peat ndi khala bulauni, mwatsopano ndi thermo-mchere madzi mankhwala.

utsogoleri magawano

The Presidium wa bungwe Supreme mu Maonekedwe ake, lofalitsidwa mu 1991, ananena kuti Ayuda Autonomous Region ku Khabarovsk Gawo, kupanga izo wodziimira chilli. Mu 2006, pafupi kusintha oyang'anira tauni zinachitikadi. Chifukwa, m'zigawo zisanu unagawidwa Ayuda Autonomous District. Cities mumtsuko ochepa. Only awiri a iwo. Iwo Birobidzhan, Birobidzhan ndi likulu la Chigawo, komanso irradiated (Obluchensky chigawo). The malo madera ena atatu ndi midzi ndi midzi. A mndandanda wa mabungwe awa Kupititsa ili pansipa:
- Leninsky chigawo - pakati pa mudzi wa Lenin;
- Oktyabrsky chigawo - pakati pa Amurzet m'mudzi;
- Smidovichsky chigawo - pakati pa mudzi Smidovich.

tsogolo

Kuyambira 1990s pa udindo wa kumunda anayamba kuyenda zokambirana mkangano. Izi zinali nthawi imene Ayuda ndipo anasamukira ku Israel paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi. The chifukwa anali maganizo a kugwa kwa Ayuda Autonomous Region, komanso zosayenera linakhalapo m'tsogolo.

Chibwenzi ntchitoyi anayamba kujowina Ayuda Autonomous Region mu Khabarovsk Gawo, komanso kukana kuti mupezeke m'dera Amur ndi mapangidwe munthawi yomweyo dera Amur.