The njira ndi zipangizo kudumpha ndi kuthamanga chiyambi. Kutsatira kulumpha yaitali

Kudumpha moyenerera akutanthauza mtundu zolimbitsa acyclic. Kukhala bwino mpira kumafuna osati wabwino mkulu-liwiro deta, komanso chitukuko cha makhalidwe thupi. Choncho, othamanga akhale wamtali ndi kulemera wotsika.

Mbiri ya chitukuko cha kudumpha yaitali

Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa masewera chaonekera Greece wakale. Iye anali Mbali yaikulu ya pentathlon. Tsiku lenileni la yatsoka si kulumpha yaitali ndi kuthamanga ndi kuyamba mbiri yakale ya hayala, koma amadziwika kuti othamanga wakale kuchita Zochita zonse ndi katundu mu manja ake. nthawi zambiri wakhala makeweight yaing'ono dumbbells. Landings zinalengedwa pa nthaka anamasuka kapena mchenga.

Mpikisano Official mpira anayamba kuchitidwa imodzi ndi maonekedwe a zamijaha. Ndipo kale 1860 kudumpha analembedwa pulogalamu waukulu mpikisano pachaka ku Oxford University. Pa chochitika choyamba anawalemba ndalama umboni kuti 5,95 m. Kwa zaka zambiri, ndi kupindula palibe amene wakwanitsa kumenya.
Komabe, British ndi Tosuell Lane - woyamba akatswiri othamanga, kudumpha zomwe kuposa pakhomo la 6 m, wina mu 1868 analephera kukwaniritsa chandamale cha 6,40 m, ndi zina -. 7,05 mamita (1874). Kwa zaka zoposa 60 za mbiri Lane (7.05 m) anali chitsanzo kutsatira. Komabe, mu 1935, ndi lodziwika bwino American diver David Owen anatha kugonjetsa chilemba cha 8,13 m. Nkhani chinakhalapo mpaka 1960, pamene International Association wa zamijaha analengedwa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zotsatira zonse ndi zina zomwe akhala yololedwa mwalamulo.

Koma gulu akazi, woyamba mbiri chofukizira anali Japanese Hitomi mu 1928, tinathawa 5,98 mamita Chilemba zisanu mita mu 1939, kuthana ndi German Schulz (6.12 m)..

Kudumpha: Njira

Pali 3 yonse ya zida zolimbitsa thupi kwa tsiku. Awa ndi njira za kulumpha yaitali ndi kuyamba kuthamanga, monga "inagwa", "miyendo wopindidwa" ndi "lumo". Aliyense amafuna luso ndi luso la ndege.

Zovuta kuphunzira ndi kuchita ataima kudumpha, miyendo wopindidwa. nuance chachikulu - kuchepetsa minofu mavuto ntchafu ndi pamimba. Kuchita izi, wothamanga ayenera kukhotetsa ndi kukokera kwa centrifugal kuthamanga mayendedwe. Nyumba palibe pang'ono linapendekeka chammbuyo. Pankhaniyi, manja ndi anagonjera woyamba kutsogolo ndiye. Ndi kuchepetsa ndege njira akuyamba grouping. Mawondo ayenera adzaukitsidwa mkulu ndi m'munsi mwendo atapachikidwa momasuka. Nyumba amatsamira patsogolo, manja ake kupitabe patsogolo kuchokera pamwamba, ndiye pansi ndi kumbuyo. Pa nthawi ya miyendo ankafika ayenera aziyang'anitsitsa m'mawondo. Akwaniritse mwa njira imeneyi ndi kusunga muyezo.

njira "inagwa" kumafuna kuphunzitsidwa nthawi yaitali, monga iye anali ndi kukonzanso zovuta za repulsion. Pa ndege, pa wothamanga ayenera kuchepetsa miyendo flywheel kenako kanikizirani kumbuyo ngati kuli kotheka. Manja kupanga ndi zozungulira zoyenda mobwerera pansi pamwamba. Pa nthawi imeneyi, wothamanga limapezeka kukhotetsa mu thupi. Chifukwa anatambasula wa minofu m'mimba ndi ntchito ndi kuwuka kwa mapazi pamene ankafika. Zouluka kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za njira, jumper ayenera kupanga tibia pazipita patsogolo, kuwongola m'mawondo. The downside wa njira imeneyi n'chakuti othamanga sangathe kugwiritsa mphamvu zake zonse mkulu-liwiro.

The njira pamwamba pa kulumpha yaitali kuchokera zofunika zofanana kwambiri. Komabe, zosiyanasiyana njira "lumo" amatanthauza munthu ndi gulu kovuta kwambiri. Apa, mu ndege wothamanga ayenera kupitiriza kuyenda zachilengedwe (kuthamanga kupyola mlengalenga). Mu malamulo a jumper ndi chofunika kuti osachepera 2.5 phula. Pa zimenezi thupi ayenera pang'ono anapambutsa chammbuyo. Manja kuchita kuyenda zozungulira asynchronously ndi mapazi awo kuti tikhalebe olimba. Grouping ndi ndegeyo muyezo.

Kudumpha: Appliances

Cholinga chachikulu cha mpira ndi kugonjetsa pazipita yopingasa mtunda pa ndege. Njira amafuna kudumpha zoyenda acyclic dongosolo. Mphamvu ya maphunziro amayamba ndi kuthekera wothamanga ndi kukhala liwiro lake. The bwino kulumpha yaitali ndi luso msanga kuthamanga ndi kukankhira kutali kwambiri, koma amatha molondola pa ndege. Mwa njira iyi chingapezeke mu mtundu uwu wa zotsatira. Kumathandizanso ndi ndegeyo njira.

Akatswiri zambiri ntchito njira kudumpha monga "inagwa" ndi "lumo". Chifukwa ntchito zawo ndi dzuwa apamwamba mu ndege. Njira yaitali kudumpha iliyonse mwa njira zimenezi amafuna mkulu mlingo wa luso lalikulu ndi liwiro ndi mphamvu makhalidwe. Chinanso chofunika ndi bwino anayamba kugwirizana dongosolo.

Mu sukulu kutsata njira yosavuta kusonyeza "kupinda miyendo yake." Kudumpha, kumene kuphunzira njira sikutanthauza nthawi zambiri ndi luso zimakhala zosavuta kuchita ngakhale ndili wamng'ono (9-10 zaka). Pa mphunzitsi maphunziro thupi ayenera kulabadira oyamba pa ndege njira ndiponso magulu. Apo ayi, mwayi wa choipa.

Gawo kuchita kulumpha yaitali lagawidwa magawo angapo. Poyamba anapanga anathamanga ndipo repulsion, kenako ndege. Chinthu chomaliza akanati ankafika.

Kodi kupanga mothamanga

The chizindikiro chachikulu cha ntchito iyi ndi liwiro. Mmene msanga anamwazikana wothamanga zimatengera osiyanasiyana ndege ake, kuti chifukwa komaliza. Distance kwa danga amanyansidwa ndi nambala ya masitepe anatengedwa aliyense wothamanga akufuna. Izi makhalidwe munthu, amene potengera maonekedwe jumper lapansi.

Akatswiri pa mothamanga-kwa mtunda wa mamita 50 amapanga za 22-24 masitepe. Mu akazi, mtunda kuchokera poyambira kwa repulsion wa Mzere ndi wofanana ndi mamita 40. Izi mtunda iwo adzagonjetsa mapazi 20-22. Mabungwe a zofufuzafufuza (mwachitsanzo, thupi) kudumpha kuyambira zofunika 20 m. Choncho, ndalama masitepe anatengedwa si n'komwe.

Zofunika ali conventionally chidagawika patatu: chiyambi, mathamangitsidwe ndi kukonzekera kubweza. Chinthu choyamba kungakhale kuika kapena njira. Yambani mothamanga-mmwamba zina amapereka mayendedwe ndi mphamvu ya kulumpha, choncho ifunika kutsimikizidwa yonena. Kuyambira ataima chiyambi wothamanga akuyamba kusuntha ndi chizindikiro makamaka, kuika patsogolo phazi limodzi pamaso pake, ndi zina - kumbuyo kwa chala. Apa, ndi nuance zofunika akugwedeza. Pamene kusuntha thupi mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo wothamanga mwadala kusakaniza pakati yokoka, kukhazikitsa ndi bwino mulingo woyenera. Yambani ndi njira amafuna kukhudzana ndi zina breakpoint miyendo, ndiye umayamba lililonse la malamulo ambiri amavomereza za mothamanga. Pa mlingo ya miyendo ndi manja matalikidwe ayenera kukhala waukulu. Nkofunika otsetsereka thupi ukufika madigiri 80. Pakutha mathamangitsidwe thupi ayenera kutenga udindo choimirira. Pa mothamanga-mmwamba kusuntha akhale mosamalitsa mu mzere woongoka, moti kenako mukhoza kukhala omasuka ndi amphamvu Kankhani pa njirayo,. Basi njira zochepa isanayambe mlingo kulumpha a mathamangitsidwe akhale pazipita. Panthawi imeneyi, mapewa ayenera chopendekekera mmbuyo ndi mafupa a chiuno zambiri kuti apitirize.

Kodi kupanga poyambira

kulumpha njira m'litali ndi kuthamanga kumatanthauza osati mathamangitsidwe ndi ndege, komanso kutsogolera umene uli ofunika zotsatira zabwino. Kodi molondola ndi akatswiri wamphamvu kukankha kuchokera njirayo, adzakhala mzere pansi patali. Tikumbukenso kuti mbali imeneyi kulumpha si mu Kankhani wina bondo lapansi.

Ndipotu, repulsion akuyamba ndi kuponda phazi pa chizindikiro chapadera malire. Pa nthawi imeneyi, phazi apuma pa Chipilala akunja, ngakhale ena othamanga ndi ankatembenukira pakati yokoka mwachindunji kwa chidendene kuti chala. Mulimonsemo, mapazi Wopanda patsogolo ayenera kukhala pakati masentimita 2 mpaka 5.

Mulingo woyenera repulsion mu kulumpha yaitali zimatheka ndi udindo wapadera phazi. Kuthamanga mwendo ayenera ndichotse pa madigiri 70 pang'ono ndichotse pa bondo. Oyamba musati amalangiza Zikatere, chifukwa minofu mwendo sanayambebe mokwanira anayamba ndi jumper akhoza kusokonezeka, mwa kulankhula kwina, sangathe kulimbana ndi mphamvu za thandizo anachita, imakhudza miyendo ndi thupi. Pambuyo ayambe koyamba kuchokera pamwamba pa ntchafu ndipo bondo mfundo unbend. Panthawi imeneyi, centrifugal mwendo anabweretsa kutsogolo kupita m'tsogolo, kwathunthu imakula. mphindi ino ikusonyezedwa ndi funde lakuthwa mu katundu pa minofu ndi dongosolo inertia jumper. Zimenezi pa masewera othamanga amatchedwa choimirira. Pa repulsion zofunika kuchita kukupiza manja. Izi kuonjezera chifukwa zimakhudza mphamvu.

Chinthu chimene akufuna kukwaniritsa yayikulu repulsion ofukula kunyamuka liwiro kuyenda yopingasa (zofunika). Mwamsanga ndi yojambula kwambiri, kutalika kulumpha. Ngodya akadakwanitsira kuchoka ndi madigiri 22. Atsopano analola munthu wina kupatuka, koma pa olamulira kuyenda.

Olondola ndege zida

Pambuyo gawo repulsion ku akutsatila wochita mpikisano nkuyamba yakula - kayendedwe mu mlengalenga. Zouluka ndi zovuta kwambiri kuchita katunduyo. kulumpha njira m'litali ndi kuyamba kuthamanga amafuna osati kuteteza mgwirizano ndi malo olondola a thupi, komanso kulenga zinthu mulingo woyenera touchdown a.

Zosiyanasiyana ndi muyezo wa ndege ali mwachindunji amadalira mmene wothamanga anakankhira. Oimira bwino za masewera kuchitiridwa imathamanga 10 m / s. The pazipita zochotsa kutalika ndi za masentimita 60 pa zofunika mwendo ayenera lumpha pamene kukhala kumbuyo kwa nyumba ndi flywheel -. Khalani ndichotse mlingo yopingasa. Njira imeneyi ndi kulumpha yaitali ndi kuyamba kuthamanga ntchito mwa njira iliyonse, ngakhale mu "lumo". Nyumba mu nkhani iyi ayenera pang'ono linapendekeka patsogolo. Manja ayenera ndichotse ndipo anatsogolera pamodzi olamulira kuyenda mu madera osiyana.

gawo Flight zimadalira njira kuchita kulumpha. Koma chomaliza, thunthu ndi miyendo wothamanga ayenera kutenga wapadera malo - grouping. mphindi A pamaso ankafika ndi mapazi ayenera anaweramuka ndi kukokera patsogolo, ikufanana pamwamba yopingasa. Manja ayenera kuchita kuyenda zozungulira kukhalabe olimba, ndiye iwo ayenera kutenga m'mbuyo kwambiri.

Kodi pamtunda

Kukonzekera kulumpha ili gawo umayamba nthawi imene ndege njira adzayamba kutha. Pa mfundo imeneyi, nkofunika kuti tipezenso mphamvu bwino. Akhale othandiza, ayenera kumagwira miyendo mu malo oterowo kuti ziyerekezo awo kotenga anali pansi pa pazipita pachimake ngodya pamwamba yopingasa. kudumpha njira kutalika kuthamanga zimasonyezanso kukhudzana woyenera ndi malo touchdown. Nkofunika kusamalira yokonza gawo ndege. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kumasula mwendo wina pambali kumene mchitidwe wa ikuchitika, ndipo mu mphindi kukhudzana ndi padziko kubowola thupi. Kukonza ikuchitika mwa kumbuyo (kumbuyo), kuwabweretsa onse phewa ndi dzanja patsogolo. Dziwani kuti Kupha msanga wa thupi ngati vutolo likhoza kukhala ndi kutsitsa miyendo, ndipo kulankhula oyambirira ndi pamwamba.

malamulo Official

Zotsatira anakweranso m'litali kumatanthauza ndi olamulira molunjika perpendicular mowa, kuyambira repulsion kwa mzere ndi kutha njanji wothamanga (gawo lirilonse la thupi). Exiting maenje amaloledwa yekha mbali kapena kutsogolo.

Terms wa kulumpha yaitali kuthetsa zotsatira, ngati wothamanga pamene kukankhira kwina kupembedzera mzere kufanana mowa. Komanso kukufikira mulibe kuwerenga, ngati wothamanga ali si tidakocheza mkati bwino kapena ku dzidzira kwa ndege kumanzere chizindikiro pa dongo. Zowawa loyamba la mchenga adzakhala m'gulu monga zotsatira zokhwima. Komanso, malamulo a kulumpha yaitali Mzimuyo chiwerengero cha nthawi kuti wothamanga angachite kuti aletse chikutha (yabwino) chizindikiro. Chiwerengero cha otchedwa nthawi yochepa mwayi 6. Kuchotserapo zochitika, omwe amakhudza oposa 8 othamanga. Mu nkhani iyi, wokhala ayenerere wozungulira wa 3 ankafuna aliyense jumper. Mbali yomaliza 8 zili ndi ntchito yabwino mwa akatswiri.

miyezo ambiri amavomereza

Mu ukadaulo ndi mitundu ankachita masewera a mfundo ndi ndinasintha osiyana. Kutsatira kudumpha kwa anyamata a zaka 9 mpaka 10 ranged kuchokera 1,90 kuti 2,90 m. Atsikana pa zizindikiro m'badwo ayenera kukhala mu osiyanasiyana 1,90 kuti 2,60 m. Kwa zaka 15 anyamata 3,30-3,90 mamita ali ponseponse, ndi atsikana - 2.80-3.30 m.

The theka-akatswiri kumaliseche (zaka 18) zizindikiro akhale apamwamba kwambiri. Kutsatira kulumpha yaitali kuchokera zofunika kwa anthu ali pakati 3,80 kuti 4,40 m. Mu akazi, zotsatira zake zomalizira ayenera kukhala mu osiyanasiyana 3,10 kuti 3,60 m.

Kupeza mutu wa "Obatizidwa Mwini Sports" jumpers ayenera kuposa ntchito zofufuzafufuza kuwirikiza kawiri. Kwa mlingo MMR ndi 7,20 m. Koma "Mwini Sports" malire pano chovomerezeka akuyamba ku Momwe 7,60 m. MSIC zimatheka chifukwa cha maphunziro wowawa yaitali. Wakudziko "Mwini Sports wa gulu lonse" ndi 8,00 m.

marekodi dziko

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa othamanga ndi ntchito yabwino mpira ndi kutsogolera US mosapita m'mbali. Pakali pano, umboni dziko (kulumpha yaitali ndi kuyamba kuthamanga) limabweretsa American Mike Powell. The Championship yotseguka Tokyo m'chilimwe cha 1991 wothamanga anatha kugonjetsa chizindikiro cha 8,95 m. A nayonso mu akazi uli Soviet jumpers Galina Chistyakov. Mu June 1988, anakwanitsa chithunzi cha 7.52 m.

Mtheradi mbiri dziko (kulumpha yaitali ndi kuthamanga chiyambi) chiwerengero cha zotsatira phenomenal wa American Ralph Boston. Kuchokera mu 1960 mpaka mu 1965 iye anakwanitsa nthawi 6 kuposa anthu ena ndi makhalidwe awo pazipita. Only Soviet wothamanga amene angakhale nkhondo ya American, anali Igor wabweletsela-Hovhannisyan. Iye anali ngwazi kawiri mu 1962 (mu Yerevan) ndipo mu 1965 (mu Mexico City).