Zinthu Social anthropogenesis: mgwirizano gulu, cikhalidwe ... Madalaivala anthropogenes

Ngati inu mukukhulupirira Darwin kuti munthu kusanduka kuchokera ku anyani. Ngati amakuthandiza kuganizira mathirakiti achipembedzo, ndiye chirichonse mu dziko, kuphatikizapo anthu, Mulungu analenga. Ndipo ngati ife titembenukira kwa kafukufuku posachedwapa, n'kutheka kuti nyama anthu kusanduka kuchokera mmodzi wa akuluakulu a nyanja. Mwina, ndi zambiri za anthu adzakhala kukanganira za chiyambi chenicheni cha sapiens Homo. Koma zinthu chikhalidwe anthropogenesis akhala kudziwika kwa sayansi, kotero muyenera kuziona.

anthropogeny ndi chiyani?

Chinthu choyamba tiyenera kuyamba, izi tanthauzo la mfundo. Palibe deta odalirika pa chiyambi cha munthu woyamba, koma sayansi limachititsa mme- ndondomeko ya chitukuko ndi mapangidwe. Anthu kusanduka - ndi mapangidwe anthu mu ndondomeko chirengedwe. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukula, zikamera wa kulankhula chilengedwe cha zipangizo ndi njira migwirizano ya malawi. Chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi, munthu akhoza anapambulwa pa nyama zina ndi kuyamba kukhazikitsa ngati munthu, mitundu wanzeru.

Kwambiri sayansi chiphunzitso anthropogenesis ndi Darwin chirengedwe. The zamoyo wa zamoyo zina ndi wolekana ndi anthropogenesis anthu. Woyamba kumalamuliridwa yekha ndi malamulo a chilengedwe. Man, mosiyana ndi malamulo awa, ndinkatha kuzindikira kuthekera kwawo ndi kuwatsatira kuchita, kagwiridwe kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zanu.

zinthu zofunika kwambiri

Anthu kusanduka - ndondomeko kukhala anthu. Koma monga mukudziwa, anthu - munthu chikhalidwe, kotero chitukuko zimakhudza mbali osati thupi. Motero, m'kupita kwa kusanduka panali kusankha zamoyo amene akuloledwa kupulumuka kokha anthu amphamvu. Choncho zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kulanda majini amphamvu kuti bwino ndi mbadwo uliwonse. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zikuluzikulu kwachilengedwenso kuti zatenganso mbali mu siteji koyamba za anthropogenesis. Zimenezi wapereka munthu mwayi kukula mu thupi kuti akhale ndinapirira ndi kusinthidwa.

Poyankha, Friedrich Chichewa zafotokozedwa kuti zikamera a mitundu munthu ndithu kufooketsedwa ndi chikhalidwe zinthu anthropogenesis. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Kuganiza.
• Kulankhula.
• Ntchito.
• Wofuna kukhala ndi moyo mu magulu.

zifukwa za chilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe anthropogenesis mwachita "kuchokera nkhwere munthu." Pa nthawi imene kusintha kwa nyengo, utachepa m'madera nkhalango, Homo sapiens anasinthira: kuyima pa miyendo (bipedalism), kulenga zida kupeza chakudya, kupanga magulu kudziteteza kwa adani.

magawo a anthropogenesis

Kukhala munthu adatenga zaka miyandamiyanda. Kuyambira nthawi pamene woyamba nyani pa mapazi ake, poti iwo anayamba kukhala nawo pa gulu, anatenga zaka zikwi zingapo. Nthawi zambiri, ndondomeko ya anthropogenesis akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu akulu akulu:

1. Anthropoid makolo. Zikuphatikizapo anyani, kuti ndikasendeza momasuka pa nthambi ziwiri m'munsi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu osavuta, monga miyala, mitengo, mafupa.
2. Paleoanthropes. Kapena anthu akale. Iwo akhala ndi moyo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (magulu) anali chithunzithunzi cha mmene kusaka ndi, anaphunzira kuti yosavuta zinthu zipangizo, ankakhala m'mapanga ndi anathanso kupanga moto. Kunja chinachake chonga munthu.
3. Neanthropines. Kapangidwe za thupi ndi kwathunthu mu mzere ndi munthu ano. Ali ndi maluso a kuyankhulana achikale. Kuwonjezera kusaka, kukolola zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Amadziwa nyumba, utoto khoma zojambula, ku zikopa za nyama zakufa ankasoka zovala.

zinthu Social anthropogenesis

Anthropogenesis si liniya osalala ndondomeko, pa chilichonse siteji kwake anapanga penapake mafunde kuti kukhala padera Chrixitu. Komanso, aliyense kayendedwe awa amakhala chimayambitsa zikamera wa njira yatsopano ya chitukuko. Choncho, pamene panali khama olowa, kunkafunika anthu, agwirire zochita zawo. Ndiye munthu anatulukira chinenero. Nayenso chilankhulo kunali chitukuko osiyana, ndipo m'kupita kwa mbiri, anthu atha kusamukira ku kulankhula kulemba. kulembedwa wakhala wodzazidwa ndi achipongwe, mafanizo malamulo ndipo motsatana zina za mawu.

Zonsezi anakhala zikomo zotheka kuti zamoyo zinthu chikhalidwe. Okwana pali zinthu zinayi chikhalidwe kuti anali ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa siteji koyamba za anthropogenesis. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Malawi m'gululo.
• Kuwonjezera zinthu ntchito.
• Total ntchito ntchito.
• Kupititsa patsogolo njira ntchito.

Tsopano yang'anani pa aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Malawi mu gulu

Mwamunayo anali pa mapazi awiri, anazindikira kuti si owopsa kulumikizana ndi mtundu wawo. mgwirizano Gulu walola anthu oyamba kusaka nyama zazikulu, ndi wotetezeka kuyenda mu mtunda lotseguka. Malawi mu gulu anapatsa munthu nthawi modernize zipangizo. Iye analibe nthawi zonse kukhala tcheru, kotero nthawi yake yonse yopuma zoyenera chilengedwe cha zida zatsopano ndi chitukuko cha njira zatsopano kusaka. Gulu lililonse kuti akwaniritse udindo wake: amuna ankasakidwa chakudya, pamene akazi ena okalamba ndi ana. Chifukwa cha kufalitsidwa kwa ngongole utachepa imfa.

Kuwonjezera zinthu ntchito

Kusintha kwa zipangizo sizikanakhala zotheka popanda kulanda nzeru ndi luso kwa akulu achinyamata. N'chifukwa chake okalamba kulemekezedwa. Iwo akhoza kukuuzani inu momwe kusaka, zomera akhoza kudyedwa mmene kulenga zida ndi zina zotero. D. Monga mmene mbiri, anapulumuka yekha magulu amene zachitikanso aphunzitsi akuluakulu, iwo anawapatsira kudziwa kwawo kwa achinyamata.

Magulu amene adali ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri, akanatha kutenga m'madera yabwino, chimakankhira ndi anthu ena a malo zochepa oyenera moyo. Chifukwa, anapulumuka kwambiri nimble ndipo mwamsanga-witted, amene osati analanda zinachitikira anthu ena, komanso kuti azitha ndi watsopano, kudzikonda akudziŵa.

Total ntchito yakalavula

Chifukwa cha kusakasaka gulu, mkulu co-kuli ndi kufala kwa zinachitikira atsogoleri akuluakulu, anthu nawo mwayi kuti apulumuke. Koma izi zonse chofunika chizindikiro kusinthitsa zambiri. Kukula kwa zinthu olowa mu Gulu wakhala chifukwa cha mawu.

Poyamba, anthu kulankhula kudzera manja, nkhope ndi phokoso payekha. The m'phuno chimanga chosakhwima zinasintha pang'onopang'ono mu zida ndi amapilira ndi munthu anakhoza kuphunzira njira yatsopano popereka mauthenga.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, nyama apamwamba amene amathandiza kusintha chilengedwe kudzera mwa ziwalo kuona, kumva ndi kununkhiza, anthu anali ndi mwayi kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo chizindikiro chachiwiri. Homo sapiens amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu kukonza zochitika mu uthenga yochepa. Ichi ndi chimodzi kusiyana waukulu pakati pa munthu ndi nyama, mbali yachilendo, amene anawoloka, munthu anapitiriranso mutu wa chirengedwe.

Kuwonjezera moyo

Kupezeka kwa mawu ndi ntchito olowa kulimbikitsa ubale pakati pa anthu m'magulu. Iwo anayamba kugwira ntchito limodzi. Koma padziko lonse anali magulu ena amene pa nthawi iliyonse zikhoza kupangitsa kuti sankalemekeza m'gawo kuti ali osayenera azikhalamo. Komanso, nyengo anali osadalirika, koma kunali koyenera kuti apulumuke.

Mogwirizana ndi gulu ili la anthu akale anayamba kusintha. Chinthu choyamba chimene iwo anayamba - ndi zida. Kenako, zovuta ndi ntchito njira okha. Kuwonjezera kusaka, anthu anayamba kusonkhanitsa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, nthawi zina ngakhale uchi kuchokera njuchi zakutchire. Koma mbali yaikulu mu ndondomeko ya anthropogenesis ndithudi ankaimba ntchito ya moto. Kuphika zakudya zinali tastier kwambiri. Komanso, chakudya Sikuti kutsegula ndi zida masticatory, ndipo pambuyo Zakachikwi nyani wamphamvu kutafuna minofu ndi mafupa kulumikiza iwo anataya kufunika kwake.

kulankhula kutseka

Pambuyo kuoneka kulankhula kulankhula anthu anaona yapadera kwambiri wa kotekisi ubongo. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti maganizo amene anapanga kupulumuka kwa ndondomekoyi si kwambiri choncho akuluakulu.

zinthu Social anthropogenesis zinathandiza kwambiri pa ndondomeko ya kukhala anthu. Koma iwo sizikanatheka kukanakhala opanda kusintha koyamba thupi. Ndipo iwonso, kusintha zina zokhudza thupi zachitika chifukwa zinthu chikhalidwe galimoto kusanduka.

The ndondomeko ya kukhala munthu anatenga zaka miyandamiyanda. Modern munthu - chifukwa cha unyolo yaitali kusintha chimene chimafika kudzera mbiri ya malire: kuyambira nthawi imene nkhwere poyamba pa mapazi ake, pamaso pa Kubwera kwa umisiri watsopano.