The zida zabwino kupuma m'madzi. Aqualung m'madzi kupuma

Kuphunzira kuya nyanja, ankadziwa zolengedwa zosaneneka chamoyo moyo pansi pa nyanja - choncho mpaka posachedwapa zinali kufikako anthu. Koma popeza Kutulukira zida kwa kusambira pansi pamadzi ndi bathyscaphes kuya kufikako anapezeka.

nkhani

Anthu okonda dziko m'madzi kuchokera kalelo. M'Mesopotamiya, Greece ndi maiko ena mwa nyanja za mitundu mitundu ankagwiritsa ntchito pa kusaka ndi nkhondo. Kapena amene akufuna kulankhula sanali, kodi anthu kukoka mpweya wawo n'cholinga kukhala pansi madzi yaitali. Izi zinachitika kwa zaka zambiri, mpaka mu 1747, panalibe munthu amene anabwera ndi suti choyamba cha m'madzi kuyenda. Kusambira mu sikunali kotheka, zinali zazikulu kwambiri ndipo katundu. Zoterezi zida chifukwa kupuma pansi madzi kupangidwa Klingertom A., magwero German. Mpheroyi yachitsulo kapu kwa mutu, imene inali machubu awiri, anafuna inhalation ndi mpweya. Ndi nyumba anali Ufumuyo madzi nsalu, womwe unali pa mapewa ake. Pambuyo mayeso, chipangizo m'madzi kupuma ali sayesedwa wolungama. Munthuyu, yemwe anali atavala suti, anamva nkhawa kwambili pa chifuwa.

Pambuyo Klingerton kusinthidwa ndi changwiro suti wake, kusintha izo, chaka ndi chaka. Choyamba panali chimango zitsulo, amene amavala pa mutu ndi thupi ndipo zaikidwa mathalauza mphira. Pambuyo pake anawonjezera thereto ndi zibaluni lalikulu wodzazidwa ndi mpweya umene tidzamizidwa pamodzi ndi diver lapansi. Kwa izo ndi machubu mpweya kuchitidwe munthu chisoti suti.

suti kuk

Augustus Siebe analanda Baton kuti chilengedwe zida pamadzi. Kuti Iye anaika mu ntchito mawu akuti "suti". Zitsulo chisoti anali wolumikizana ndi suti madzi, ndi mpweya wa akudyetsedwa mwa chubu ndi mpope, yomwe ili pa sitima, amene tsika wa diver. Zinali leaden nsapato kwa kuviika mofulumira ndi kulemera owonjezera, amene anapatsa munthu mtendere pa nyanja.

Mu zaka wotsatira, zida ndi kuimaliza kukonza ndipo kusinthidwa, koma nkhani ya kotunga mpweya kuti si womangidwa ku dziko, anakhalabe zogwirizana.

Mu 1878, Henry Flüsse anatulukira zida chifukwa kupuma pansi madzi ndi dongosolo chatsekedwa oxygen. Limagwiritsa ntchito Mtsogoleri analengedwa ndi setifiketi ndi zaka 12 pamaso Benoit Rukeyrolem. Flüsse Kutulukira izi modifies ndipo anawonjezera kuti zigwirizane akasinja latsopano kuti akhoza kupirira kuthamanga.

Kutulukira kukasambira

Mu 1943, Emil Ganyan ndi Jacques IV Kusto kulenga chipangizo chimene chikuwoneka kuti ankadziwa zonse diver ndi diver. Kutulukira ntchito lero. Izi kusambira - zida chifukwa kupuma m'madzi.

Maziko limagwirira mpweya okwanira vavu anatengedwa Cousteau ndi zida poyambitsa mafuta gasi mu injini galimoto. Pambuyo wamakono ndi patsogolo kuti tiyambe kuyezetsa ndondomeko kuti ali kale mu Gawo loyamba sunawakhutitse anayambitsa. Pa maudindo osiyanasiyana thupi pansi mpweya madzi kudyetsedwa omangidwa ndipo zina kwenikweni sanali.

Pambuyo zatsopano Cousteau kusinthidwa mpweya yang'anira wa zonenepa kuti kupuma kotheka pa mozama kulikonse ndi ku malo osiyana mu madzi m'thupi. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti kuyenda pansi pa madzi poipa kwambiri ndi kukhala pansi pa madzi kwa nthawi yaitali.

yang'anira

Owongolera Amawapatula malingana ndi mtundu wa one- ndi awiri gawo. Kulola kuchepetsa psinjika mpweya, lomwe linachokera ku zonenepa mwa chubu kupuma. The awiri gawo yang'anira reducer Sachita kuthamanga kwa 6 ATM., Kodi ndi sitepe yoyamba. Kenako m'mapapo makina amanyamula mpweya chilengedwe, zimapangitsa izo mosavuta mpweya osati kovulaza thanzi.

Ntchito kwambiri ndi yaitali Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito owongolera awiri gawo.

mitundu ya zipangizo

zida chifukwa kupuma m'madzi modernized, ndipo anatulukira ndipo anayamba latsopano ntchito yapadera chaka chilichonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti munthu likumira zambiri za pansi pa nyanja ndi zonse sakufunanso kukhala kumeneko.

AVM 15

Izi zida chifukwa kupuma pansi madzi osiyanasiyana omwe nawo ntchito yopulumutsa. Imakhala akatswiri mpweya mwadzidzidzi ndi ntchito zina. Mwapadera zida kwa sing'anga ndi kutentha otsika ndi mkulu kuipitsa. Izo ntchito pa ntchito chifukwa mumapezeka mafuta. Kuchita izi, ndi mwapadera lolingana zigawo za zida pamadzi. Masekeli chipangizo si zoposa 22 kg.

AVM-5

Izi zida kunyamula kwa kupuma pansi madzi osambira amene atsikira akuya mamita 60. Kulemera AVM 5 pamene zitini unfilled mpaka makilogalamu 22. Ntchito ngati osiyana ochiritsira kufufuza nyanja, komanso zosiyanasiyana ntchito kwambiri.

AVM-12

zida izi, ngati yapita awiri amapereka diver kupuma pansi madzi osiyana kupulumutsidwa ndipo mwadzidzidzi ntchito. dongosolo kupuma ndi lotseguka, mwachitsanzo mpweya kupita ku madzi. Mu AVM-12 kumanga yosavuta ndi kukonzanso, mukhoza ntchito ndi mu malo zakhudzana ndi pa otsika kutentha. zida zina komanso anapereka.

diver wapadera

Stig Severinsen ali ndi luso lapadera: iye yaitali anayamba ndi amanoledwa luso, ngati angoti wanu. Kupuma pansi madzi sizingakhale zofunika kwa mphindi 22. Uyu kaundula amaika mnyamatayo, atakhala opanda mpweya nyengo ino.

maphunziro Long ndi chidziwitso mu munda wa zamoyo anatha kuyetsa thupi lanu ndi kukwaniritsa chonchi. adakwaniritsa anapangidwa Guinness Book of Records.

Atatsala pang'ono Stig Severinsen mbiri kale pansi madzi opanda mpweya kwa mphindi 20 ndi 10 masekondi. Koma izi sizinali zokwanira, choncho anaganiza pa yojambula latsopano. Pa ndondomeko imeneyi, ndikuthana mowirikiza ankayang'ana mbale wake, dokotala. Ndipo zimenezo zinachitika mu dziwe, madzi kutentha zomwe zinali 30 madigiri.

bathyscaphe

Mu 1930, amatukutuku American analenga bathysphere - zitsulo mpira kuti ndi zingwe anagwapo chombo pa mozama. Zonse kuthamangitsa patsogolo, asayansi anapanga mpira akhoza kupita pansi mamita oposa 1,000. Koma iye analibe see zofunika ndi ufulu. Choncho, ntchito ya submersibles Kutulukira anapitiriza.

Bathyscaphe - chipangizo kwa kupuma m'madzi, amene accommodates anthu 1-2. Chotero mini sitima udaikidwa ndi Auguste Piccard, ndi Swiss wasayansi, kusuntha pansi madzi ndi kuona kuya nyanja. Bathyscaphe inkakhala ndi kanyumba mu mawonekedwe a mpira ndi lalikulu mphamvu thanki. Ntchito mwapadera injini galimoto zosamukira pansi madzi, ndi kukhalapo kwa kotunga mpweya chololera kukhala odzilamulira okha ziwiya pamwamba.

Kugwiritsa submersibles akhoza kutsikira kuya kuti sali pansi osiyanasiyana wamba, ngakhale ndi zipangizo zambiri zamakono. Kumiza akuya ngalawa yaing'ono sitima zapamadzi ndi oposa 10 000 meters. Iwo uli pa submersible wakhala ankaphunzira ndi maganizo ozama a Dziko Lapansi - ndi Mariana.

kuk

Masiku ano a pamadzi akuya ndipo pamadzi wakhala masewera otchuka. kosiyanasiyana odziwa kusangalala m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti kukhala pa nyanja ngati n'zotheka: angoti wanu, kupuma pansi madzi ndi thandizo la zipangizo wapadera, kuphunzira dziko m'nyanja bathyscaphe a.

Pakuti kusambira pansi pamadzi inu ayenera kukumana ndi sukulu yapadera kumene anaphunzitsa kusamalira makina, kukhazikitsa pa magawo zonse zofunikira molondola kuwerengera katundu. Komanso, madzi poipa kwambiri kukhala odekha, monga chikweza. Ichi ndi chifukwa m'munsi thupi lonse m'madzi, ndi apamwamba a kuthamanga ndi thupi kukhala ndi nthawi kuti azolowere. Chitunda lakuthwa pamwamba komanso angakhale ndi zotsatira osafunika.