Ufulu Environmental ndi udindo chilengedwe nzika za la Russia: makhalidwe ambiri, ubale

ufulu Environmental ndi udindo chilengedwe nzika - ndi mbali yofunika ya munthu aliyense odetsedwa malamulo, amene anagawana m'dziko la lamakono. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti ziwalo kapena kukaniza ntchito alendo ndiponso anthu kukhala ndi nzika za Russia, komwe ndi mzika za dziko.

Lofunika lamanja: Ufulu wa umoyo

ufulu Environmental ndi ntchito nzika enshrined mu Russian Constitution. Mbali yofunika ya za malamulo a mitundu ndi bwino anthu moyo - makonzedwe ali Article 20 la Chilamulo Basic la Chitaganya cha Russia. Ufulu wa umoyo zachokera zochita zambiri za chikhalidwe mayiko malamulo:

• Hayala pa Ufulu Wachibadwidwe.
• Stockholm Declaration ndi zina zotero.

Pali lonse mayiko zida, amene analandira ndi mabungwe a boma, monga ulamuliro, mmodzi mwa abale kapena m'madipatimenti wa UN. Pamodzi ndi iwo pali kukhala zochita dera malamulo, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa gawo ena ndi kutengedwa ndi makonsolo, monga Mayiko a ku Ulaya.

Chinanso makonzedwe pa maziko chimene onse anayamba ufulu zachilengedwe ndi ntchito nzika, ndi Declaration of Human Rights, omwe anavomerezedwa ngakhale pamaso mapangidwe la Russia ngati boma palokha malamulo.

Kiyi ufulu zachilengedwe ndi ntchito nzika mulibe ufulu kulibe, pakalibe zolimbana enshrined pomwe anthu moyo.

Ufulu chilengedwe wathanzi

ufulu Environmental ndi maudindo chilengedwe nzika mu kuvomerezedwa monga ufulu malo wathanzi, amene ali kuchita zazikulu malamulo malamulo za malamulo.

Nkhani 11 kwenikweni limafotokozera "yomwe chilengedwe". Ndi chilengedwe amenewa, imene imasunga uziyenda achilengedwe a zachilengedwe zizindikiro m'chilengedwe, mitundu ya nyama, zomera ndi zina zotero. Chilengedwe ayenera yowona penipeni pa chitukuko maofesi a zachilengedwe chilengedwe, komanso kutsatira mfundo zonse anakhazikitsa kuti tinapangidwa kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha moyo ndi thanzi la nzika, nyama ndi zomera. Yabwino boma la chilengedwe ayenera kukumana ndi mfundo zimene kudziwa mlingo wake wa polojekiti zachilengedwe, ukhondo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi chuma masoka onse.

mfundo zachilengedwe dongosolo

ufulu Environmental ndi maudindo chilengedwe nzika ambalemekezedwa chiongo chake milandu yonse mfundo iti dongosolo ili (anakhazikitsa Gawo 20 la Chilamulo Federal "Pa chilengedwe."):

• mfundo gulu, chingwe khalidwe zachilengedwe. Kwa mfundo zofunika muli akutengedwa makhalidwe mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, mlingo wa ndende zinthu nyukiliya mu mlengalenga. Pamodzi ndi deta mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro thupi, makamaka monga mlingo wa mpweya wa poizoni ndi kutentha.
• mfundo Gulu zomwe zizindikiro zamoyo chilengedwe. Monga ulamuliro, zizindikiro anayeza ndi mawerengedwe zomera ndi nyama zamoyo, komanso zinthu zina zomwe zilipo kale. Iwo amagwiritsanso ntchito mfundo pazipita chovomerezeka ndende ya zinthu mu chilengedwe.
• Gulu lachitatu magawanidwe ndi kuperekedwa mu luso. 23 Chilamulo, ndipo amakhala ndi kukhudzana chovomerezeka ndi chilengedwe, ndicho linaŵerengera zizindikiro za mpweya chovomerezeka zinthu; mapangidwe mowa ndi kupanga zinyansi; miyezo mmene thupi chilengedwe.
• Indicators wa anthropogenic katundu pa chilengedwe.
• magawo ena kololeka ndi magawanidwe zimene angathe mwa malamulo boma la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Palinso malamulo amene amateteza ufulu zachilengedwe ndi ntchito za m'dziko la Russia, wopanda kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Makamaka, gulu la mfundo zokhudzana opaleshoni ikuchitika dera la ntchito zoteteza chilengedwe. Komanso, pali zofooka zogwirizana ndi chuma ndipo anayamba amadza chifukwa cha zoipa chilengedwe. Osiyana mitundu ulamuliro mfundo ndi ntchito za opereka ziphatso kuchita mitundu ina ya ntchito zogwirizana ndi anzake yogwira chilengedwe.

kumanja nzika 'kuti mudziwe

ufulu Environmental ndi udindo chilengedwe nzika mchitidwe singasiyanitsidwe ndi ufulu kupereka okhala boma kuti mudziwe pa chilengedwe, komanso uliri. Lamulo waukulu limati Russia Article 24 kuti nzika iliyonse ali ndi ufulu kupeza zipangizo anthu chimene chimakhudza ufulu ndi mtendere, kaya ndi m'dera zolimbana kuchita kapena chikhalidwe cha mchitidwe wa malamulo, mwachitsanzo, khotilo.

Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti ofanana ufulu zachilengedwe ndi ntchito nzika ali oyenera chizindikiro cha chitukuko cha boma ano, kuyambira zaka zingapo zapitazo, mavuto onse chilengedwe wakhalapo mu dziko, anali atazunguliridwa ndi mobisa sizisintha. Panthawi Zinthu kwathunthu zosiyana tanthauzo, monga Constitution la Russian Federation pa akuluakulu ndi udindo mlandu obisika zenizeni ndi zinthu zimene loopsa thanzi ndi moyo wa nzika.

mbali ina ya ufulu mfundo ndi chitetezo ndi mwayi wonse kuti mudziwe, kuwauza za zotsatira za ngozi zachilengedwe; kuwulula nkhani zokhudza chitetezo cha boma anakhudzidwa ndi zina zotero. Information wa mtundu uwu sungakhoze kukhala udindo wa "mudziwe amapanga boma. chinsinsi ", motero, ndipo alibe iwo sangakhale zochepa. Poyamba tafotokozazi mudziwe anali wachinsinsi monga "ntchito Official Only." Popeza siyana izi zolembedwa zilipo kwa review yekha magulu ena a atumiki onse, izo zikhoza kukhala kuonetsetsa mwayi wonse ndi lotseguka kwa mfundo imeneyi kwa anthu onse.

Njira ndikukhazikitsa ufulu mudziwe

ufulu Environmental ndi ntchito nzika mwachidule malamulo osati lamulo lalikulu ladziko, komanso NPA ena, kuphatikizapo lamulo "Pa nkhani", womwenso njira zotsatirazi kukhazikitsa ufulu mderali:

1. Kuphunzira zambiri za chuma anthu momasuka. Choyamba, onse ogwiritsa ndi udindo wofanana malamulo ndi kulemekeza ntchito ndalama; Kachiwiri, palibe amazigwiritsa ntchito safunikira kupereka lipoti pa cholinga ndi maziko zimene timaphunzira anapereka. Nokha mauthenga amene apanga boma chinsinsi, ndipo anawagawira.
2. Kudzera kukhazikitsa magulu onse ulamuliro ndi mabungwe alamulo amene ali ogwirizana anthu kupeza zinthu. Kupeza mfundo zina, bungweli ali ndi ufulu popereka mauthenga za mmene chilengedwe mwa misa.
3. Kukhazikitsa kuzindikira misa anthu kudzera m'gulu la ntchito za ziwalo za boma. mphamvu ndi makonsolo wodzilamulira. Upolnomochennnye akuyenera kulenga zinthu zambiri m'derali, komanso kudziletsa pa mabungwe Kumvetsela pa kuzindikira zachilengedwe.
4. Ndikaonekere ku makhoti pofuna kuteteza ufulu zambiri.
5. Kudzera kukhazikitsa kumanja munthu malipilo kuwonongeka chinaperekedwa chifukwa cholephera kupereka zokhudza chilengedwe kapena deta olakwika.

The ufulu wochita apilo ku khoti kuteteza ufulu

Environmental ufulu ndi udindo Russian Federation nzika enshrined mu Constitution a boma sakuphatikizapo osachepera, lamanja la nzika iliyonse - lamanja akaonekere ku khoti kuteteza ufulu.

ulamuliro anawapatsa:

• Kuonetsetsa mfundo kumbali, zomwe atsogoleri postulates onse m'madera onse a chilamulo, motero chitsimikizo cha kukwaniritsidwa kwa mfundo analalikira.
• Kuteteza za malamulo wene mwa udindo wawo zachilengedwe.
• Kuzindikira za ufulu nzika 'kumawononga chifukwa zochita oletsedwa wa anthu ovomerezeka udindo kutetezela dera la zoteteza chilengedwe.
• Lamulo za ntchito ya matupi milandu ndi maudindo awo kutetezela ufulu nzika.

Ufulu reparation

mchitidwe wina, kuphatikizapo ufulu zachilengedwe ndi ntchito za nzika za la Russia, ali nzika 'malipilo, omwe kwakonzedweratu mogwirizana ndi ntchito za kuyan'anila zachilengedwe. Ufuluwu chili mu Art. 42 ya Russian Constitution. Nawonso bwino ufulu reparation anapereka Chilamulo Federal "Pa chilengedwe", umene umati munthu aliyense ngati kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo zachilengedwe ayenera zoperewerazo mavuto onse mu zonse. The chifukwa cha zoipa zimene tingasonyezere monga:

• kuipitsa malo ambiri;
• zikutha m'mayiko zinthu zachilengedwe,
• kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongedwa kwa zipangizo achilengedwe
• mwachisawawa mowa kwa zachilengedwe;
• kudzitsitsa ndi chiwonongeko cha machitidwe zachilengedwe, maofesi ndi malo achilengedwe
• tikudzipereka zina zolakwa, amene anapereka malamulo a boma, boma m'dera chilengedwe chilengedwe zachilengedwe.

ufulu Environmental ndi ntchito za m'dziko la Russia kuti mavuto onse chifukwa cha ntchito kapena zinthu zina, adzakwapulidwa masamu malinga ndi malamulo. Malinga dera akhoza kuchita masamu ndi wovomerezeka minibasi kapena njira zina kuwerengetsa kuwononga chilengedwe. Ngati Mulungu kulibe, ndiye unit akutengedwa kuchuluka chofunika kuti achire ndalama leni la kubwezeretsa chilengedwe. Pankhaniyi, Angagwiritsidwenso n'komwe atamva zomvetsa ndi imfa ya phindu.

Malipilo akhoza analipira kapena mwaufulu kapena malinga ndi nkhani iliyonse ya Supreme Court chigamulo cha nkhaniyo. nkhani zonse zokhudza malipiro kuwonongeka, komanso ufulu zina zachilengedwe ndi ntchito nzika ndi malamulo ndi malamulo a dziko la Russia Federation, Chilamulo Federal "Pa chilengedwe", ndi Code Wachifwamba ndi Administrative Code, komanso ena NPA.

Ufulu bungwe

Makamaka ufulu zachilengedwe ndi ntchito za nzika za la Russia zakambidwa mwachidule mu Malamulo a. Izi chikalata normative, pamodzi ndi zinthu zina, ndiponso monga wa ufulu ankalengeza nzika kukhazikitsa mayanjano, maziko ndipo sanali malonda mabungwe ena omwe analamulidwa kuti agwire ntchito pa zachilengedwe chitetezo malo.

Cholinga cha chilengedwe mabungwe amenewa - kuteteza chilengedwe ku encroachments oletsedwa pa mbali ya mabungwe ena ndi anthu. Komanso, mabungwe awa ndi mawonekedwe a ulamuliro onse wa kusunga malamulo zachilengedwe. mabungwe awa amagwiritsidwa yakuti akaonekere ku khoti pofuna kupewa zolakwa ndi udindo yokongola pa Kupha katundu.

Nchito za nzika za la Russia m'munda wa chilamulo zachilengedwe

Mayendedwe malamulo a nzika iliyonse ya dziko kumaphatikizapo ufulu komanso ntchito zina. ufulu Environmental ndi ntchito ya anthu ndi mayanjano awo pa ndime ndi ufulu chilengedwe wathanzi zikuphatikizapo udindo adzausunga.

Ntchito wokhazikitsidwa ndi boma ndi omwe angakhudzidwe ndi malamulo a khalidwe. The imposition wa machitidwe zokhudzana ndi zosowa akuwuka anthu ndi kufunika lamulo yeniyeni ubale chikhalidwe. General maonekedwe a ufulu ndi udindo wa nzika zachilengedwe zikuphatikizapo kutumikira ntchito zomveka zachilengedwe, udindo kubwezeretsa kusokonezedwa zachilengedwe a moyo nyama ndi zomera, chifukwa kupewa kuyan'anila za chilengedwe ndi zina zotero. Mndandanda zikuluzikulu za ntchito ya anthu a Russia ndi motere:

• kufunika kwa misonkho ndipo malipiro omwe anakonza msonkho Code wa ku Russia komanso ofunika ndalama bwino miyeso kuteteza ndi kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe;
• kutengapo mbali mu ntchito pa Environmental Protection Agency, chifukwa kumangidwanso;
• kutsatira mfundo khalidwe zachilengedwe, malamulo apadela ukhondo-AIDS, kupereka chitetezo pa mtundu winawake wa ntchito, ntchito zachuma zokhudzana topezeka dziko lapansi;
• achulukane ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi chuma;
• kutenga nawo mbali pa maphunziro chilengedwe achinyamata, kulera kuzindikira zachilengedwe a anthu;
• kutsatira malangizo zachilengedwe;
• kuteteza malo achilengedwe
• kuchita malamulo zachilengedwe mogwirizana ndi zoletsa zachilengedwe;
• ntchito malo ndi malamulo zachilengedwe, sanavale mavuto chilengedwe.

Ochita ntchito anatumizidwa operekedwa ndi ziletso za zomwe zakonzedwa ndi boma. Ngati kuphwanya lamulo monga kuvomerezedwa ndi ndi chabwino utsogoleri ntchito kwa nzika, komanso monga mwa milandu chigawenga. Aliyense muyeso wa udindo zoyikidwa ndi chigamulo kapena chiweruzo cha bwalo.

Ubale wa ufulu ndi udindo zachilengedwe

Ubale wa ufulu ndi udindo wa nzika chilengedwe kwenikweni zimaonekera chakuti, pamodzi, zinthu izi kupanga za malamulo wa nzika iliyonse mu dera la chilengedwe. lingaliro ili, ndipo kachiwiri, ndi mbali yofunika ya vuto ambiri malamulo aliyense nzika ya Russia ndi nzika achilendo, anthu stateless, ndi zina zotero.

Komanso, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ufulu wa nzika za udindo wa boma, si kugwilizana ndi amene kumatanthauza muyeso wa udindo pa malamulo ntchito akuluakulu. Chimodzimodzi monga omwe sanali kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito zomwe zidapatsidwa kwa nzika amapereka boma kugwiritsa ntchito ziletso zina malamulo.