Uzbekistan: Andijan - mzinda wakale kwambiri ku Ferghana Valley

Uzbekistan ndi dziko lomwe lili pakatikati pa Central Asia. Ikuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa akale kwambiri m'dera lino ndipo ili ndi mbiri yakale ndi yolemera. Dziko lamakono lagawanika m'zigawo khumi ndi ziwiri zolamulira, zomwe zili ndi malo ake enieni. Posachedwapa, zosankha za alendo zikugwera kwambiri ku Uzbekistan. Andijan - ndilo mzinda womwe umakopa chidwi chawo!

Malo a mzinda ndi anthu ake

Andijan ali kummawa kwa Ferghana Valley, atazunguliridwa ndi mapiri ndi mapiri okongola kwambiri, apa pali nyengo yozizira kwambiri, chifukwa chazifukwa zabwino zokhala ndi "golide woyera" - thonje. M'dziko lodziwika bwino lochereza alendo (Uzbekistan), Andijan ndiye malo achitatu (gawo lake ndi lofanana ndi 120 km ² ) komanso lalikulu lachinayi pa chiwerengero cha anthu. Mzindawu ndi malo oyang'anira dera la Andijan.

Mu mzinda wa dzuwa mumakhala anthu okoma mtima, ogwira ntchito komanso ophweka omwe nthawi zonse amalandira alendo. Chiwerengero cha anthu pafupifupi 450,000, omwe opitirira 90 peresenti ndi mtundu wa Ubeks, pafupifupi 5% ndi a Russia (anafika kuno ku Soviet), 3% ali a Chitata, ndipo 2% ndi mafuko ena (Korea, Kyrgyz, Tajiks ndi Turks). Chipembedzo chofala kwambiri ndi Sunni Islam, koma mzindawo uli ndi mipingo yokwanira ya zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana.

Kukula kwachuma kwa mzinda

Muzinthu zambiri (ndizo: kupanga potoni, kutumiza gasi, migodi ya golide, etc.) malo otsogolera mu chuma cha dziko lapansi akukhala ndi Republic of Uzbekistan. Mzinda wa Andijan ndi malo oyendetsa mafakitale, mafakitale, sayansi komanso chikhalidwe mumtsinje wa Fergana. Pali mabungwe akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale, malo akuluakulu ofufuza sayansi ndi mayunivesiti.

Chigawo chofunikira cha chuma, chomwe chimakhudza osati kokha phindu la mzindawo, koma dziko lonse lonse, ndi makampani opanga galimoto. M'madera a Andijan dera, ku Asaka, pali chimanga chachikulu chopanga makina kupanga magalimoto pansi pa GM brand (yomwe kale idatchedwa Daewoo).

Kodi Andizhan wamasiku ano amawoneka bwanji?

Chaka chilichonse zimakhala zokongola kwambiri, nyumba zamakono zimamangidwanso mmalo mwa nyumba zopanda ntchito, sukulu zatsopano ndi makoleji akutsegulira, ndipo ndi chitukuko cha kugulitsa zamalonda pang'ono mzinda wonsewo umamira m'masitolo ambiri, mahoteli, salons, makasitomala ndi malo odyera.

Kodi mzinda wakale wa Republic of Uzbekistan Andijan umawoneka bwanji? Mwachikhalidwechi akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ndi Old Town, kumene zimakhala zolemba zakale (mzikiti, masewera ndi zikumbutso za chikhalidwe), komanso gawo la New Bazaar, kumene Andijan amakono ali pafupi. Anthu a mumzindawu amakhulupirira kuti ali pano, kumalo otchedwa "Eski Shahar", kuti mtima wa mzindawo ulipo. Tsiku lonse phokoso la ogulitsa mawu okweza kwambiri kumayiko akumidzi sali otsekedwa m'malo ano, pano pang'onopang'ono pali malo odyetserako okondweretsa ndi zakudya zodyera popereka zakudya za chikhalidwe cha Uzbek kwa alendo, ndipo mbiri yina ndi maofesi ambirimbiri a tikiti. N'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu ambiri amachoka kudziko lina kukafunafuna ntchito, kotero kugula tikiti Uzbekistan (Andijan ali ndi ndege yake) - Russia sivuta.

Zochitika ndi zikumbutso za chikhalidwe

Mbiri yakale kwambiri, yosangalatsa komanso yokondweretsa m'madera a Central Asia ndi boma la Uzbekistan. Andijan ndi mzinda womwewo womwe unasunga zisungiko zina. Iwo mpaka lero akuuza okaona za ulemerero wakale ndi ukulu wa ufumu womwe kale unali wodziwika wa Great Moguls. Inde, palibe nyumba zambiri zakale ku Andijan, monga mwachitsanzo, ku Samarkand kapena Bukhara, komabe zochitika zomwe zakhala zikupindula ndizofunikira kuti abwere kumzinda wa dzuwa!

Zomangamanga zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mzikiti ndi madrasahs, zokongoletsedwa ndi domes ndi nyenyezi, monga zida za chipembedzo chachisilamu. Mzikiti wakale kwambiri wa Lachisanu uli m'dera la Old Town ndipo unayamba zaka za m'ma 1900. Chokopa china ndi minaret ya Jami, kutalika kwake kuli mamita 32 (ili ndi nyumba yabwino kwambiri mumzinda wonse).

Mzindawu ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha zosangalatsa zosungirako, kumene malo ambiri okopa amachitira. Malo otchulidwa kwambiri ndi paki yotchedwa pambuyo. Pushkin, ali pakatikati mwa mzinda ndipo ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri osati ana okha, komanso akuluakulu.

Zochititsa chidwi zochokera m'mbiri

Bactria wakale ndi Sogdiana, Khorezm Khanate, Maverannahr ndi Khorasan - mayiko ena a malo amenewa anali m'madera a masiku ano a Republic of Uzbekistan. G. Andijan ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yakale kwambiri m'dziko lino, dzina lake Andukan linatchulidwa koyamba m'malemba a zaka za m'ma 1800.

Andijan ndi wotchuka kwa amwenye ake, omwe adathandizira kwambiri ku chikhalidwe cholemera ndi chokongola cha mzindawo. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, yemwe anabadwa kuno mu 1483. Iye ndi amene anayambitsa boma la Moguls Wamkulu (Baburids), komanso anali wolamulira wa India ndi mkulu wa asilikali ku Afghanistan.