Vanda Vasilevskaya: yonena ndi chithunzi

Today kukumbukira amene Vanda Vasilevskaya, osati aliyense angathe, ngakhale kamodzi iye anali tingachipeze powerenga mabuku Soviet wamoyo. Koma atamwalira wowerenga zake zazikulu - Iosifa Stalina - Slava Vasilevskoy msanga chinazilala.

Childhood Vandy Vasilevskoy

Vasilevskaya Vanda Lvovna anabadwa mu January 1905 m'banja la odziwika Polish ethnographer ndi mtundu Leona Vasilevskogo.

Monganso Nduna ya za okhonda la Poland ku boma Pilsudski bambo ake anali wotchuka chifukwa cha maganizo zokomera. Zinali iye amene mukopedwe mapangidwe khalidwe la mwana wawo wamkazi wosakwatiwa-apamwamba.

Moyo mu Poland pamaso pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Wolemba tsogolo anali ndi maphunziro abwino kwambiri. Mu 1927 iye analandira dipuloma ya mphamvu ya Philology ya University Jagiellonian. Ataphunzira Wasilewska ankakhala Kraków ndi kuphunzitsa pa sukulu ya sekondale. Mkazi uyu akhoza mosavuta ntchito, koma m'malo mwake limodzi ndi gulu chosintha a magulu anachoka ku Poland.

Mu 1938 wolemba bungwe amenye aphunzitsi zikuluzikulu, chimene iye anali anachotsedwa utumiki. Mu chaka chomwecho iye anapanga ethnographic ulendo kuti Volyn. Pamaziko a zipangizo anasonkhana Vanda Vasilevskaya analemba buku la "Flames mu zithaphwi."

Pambuyo ulendo wa Wasilewska anasamukira ku Warsaw, kumene ndinayamba ntchito mu ofesi mkonzi wa magazini ana. Mu tinkasangalalira, iye anapitiriza kuchita ntchito yake chosintha kuposa anachititsa chakukhosi pa mbali ya boma Polish, ndi kupita ake m'ndende.

Emigration kuti Soviet Union ndi Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Pamene Nazi Germany atalanda Poland, Vanda Vasilevskaya ankafuna kusiya dziko, koma aboma anakana kumupatsa iye chitupa cha visa chikapezeka chifukwa kunachitidwa ndi mayesero awiri. Ndiye wolemba phazi kugonjetsa mazana makilomita n'kukafika Lvov, amene wakhala mzinda Soviet.

Apa Wanda L. nthawi yomweyo nzika Soviet. Anthu ambiri amadabwa mmene Wasilewska akhoza pochitika nthawi zonse ndi kuchedwa kugwirizana ndi amayenda madera wotanganidwa, osati nthawi yomweyo kulandira nzika, koma nayenso anakhala kazembe Supreme Soviet la USSR. Ankati Iosif Stalin yekha kuthandiza izi.

Kukhala Lvov, Vanda Vasilevskaya analemba chidzudzulo cha tsogolo Major mmene kanyamaka - Evgeniya Bereznyaka. Iwo Wasilewska anamuweruza sukulu Ukrainisation Lviv, kukhulupirira kuti zikusiyana mfundo phwando. Ndi kuti achite izi, Ukrainians ambiri sindimakonda ndi wolemba lero.

Mu Lviv, anapitiriza ntchito yake zolembalemba Vasilevskaya Vanda. wolemba buku la trilogy wake wotchuka "The nyimbo pa madzi 'ankaikidwa mu mzinda uno.

Mkubwela kwa nkhondo pa dera la USSR, wolemba analandira udindo wa asilikali msilikaliyo ndipo anayamba kupita kutsogolo kukhala mbali ya magulu mabodza. M'nthawi ananena kuti akhakula, wosakongola Vanda Vasilevskaya, amene kusuta ngati m'chumunicho, ndipo nthawi zonse anapita breeches amuna anali modabwitsa wokamba zodabwitsa.

Limodzi ndi mukubwadamuka ntchito Vasilevska mkonzi ntchito mu periodicals zosiyanasiyana.

Mu 1942, Stalin analangiza Vande Lvovna kulemba nthano propaganda kutsogolo. Pa nthawi mlembi anali chabe mwezi. Komabe, iye anachita - uyu anali nkhaniyo "Rainbow" Vandy Vasilevskoy. Chaka chotsatira, ntchito waikidwa pa zenera, ndi wolemba anali kupereka iye Stalin wake woyamba Prize. The ndalama ankapereka kwa Kumangidwa kwa ndege zankhondo, "Warsaw".

Kuyambira 1943 mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo Wasilewska anatumikira monga mkonzi wamkulu wa nyuzipepala "Soviet Poland."

Nkhondo itatha, wolemba anasamukira ku moyo mu Kyiv, pamene iye analandira nyumba osiyana ndi zogwiritsa ntchito onse.

Zaka zomalizira za Wolemba

Nkhondo itatha, Wasilewska ali Kawiri konse kupereka wa Stalin Prize. "Rainbow" ndi ntchito zina m'gulu maphunziro kusukulu. Ngati maganizo Communist kutsimikiziridwa, Vandu Vasilevskuyu zambiri anali anatumizidwa kukagwira ntchito kunja. Pambuyo pawo, mkazi lofalitsidwa essays imene zokongola anafotokoza mmene zoipa moyo capitalist Europe ndi osangalala nzika Soviet. Kotero pali "mu Paris ndipo kunja kwa Paris" ndi "Letters ku Rome". Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti ngati kutaya pa mabodza onse zotsekemera, wolemba bwino kwambiri kuona ambiri mwa mavuto a positi-nkhondo Europe, makamaka France.

Okhuta ndi moyo wosangalala Wasilewska inathera ndi imfa ya Stalin. Popanda thandizo cholimba cha ulemerero wa wolemba chinazilala. Iye anamwalira mu 1964, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Kiev.

Personal moyo Vandy Vasilevskoy

Wolemba wakwatiwa kawiri. Mwamuna wake woyamba anali woukira boma Kraków Marian Bogatko. Mu banja adabadwa mwana yekha wa wolemba Hava, amene pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake (1940) chinatengedwa Wanda mu USSR. Eva anakhala womasulira, komanso wolemba ana.

mwamuna chachiwiri Wasilewska anakhala Chiyukireniya Soviet wolemba Alexander Korneichuk. Panali mphekesera zoti kuti ukwatiwo ankavala chikhalidwe mwangwiro ndale ndi chikondi chapadera pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi anali ayi.

Vanda Vasilevskaya, "Rainbow": Mwachidule

Kwa mwezi watha, monga m'mudzi Chiyukireniya mabanja mazana atatu anali mu manja a Nazi. Panthawi imeneyi, anthu a m'mudzimo nawo mwayi kuvutika kwambiri. Best kunyumba unachotsedwa eni, amene anaponyedwa msewu, mu zina komanso kwake munali asilikali German panayi. Ng'ombe, nkhosa, nkhuku ndi nyama zina za pakhomo kwa nthawi yaitali, monga mayunitsi German tinkauzidwa kuti chakudya m'midzi azigwira. Wantchitoyo woyamba ndi wokongola m'mudzi Malasha Vyshneva anagwiriridwa ndi asilikali atatu, ndipo akuyembekezera mwana kuchokera kwa mmodzi wa iwo.

Mphamvu zonse mu dziko tsopano mu manja a German mkulu Kurt Werner. Iye manyumba ogona ndi mkazi wamasiye m'dera Fedosov Kravchuk ndi mbuye wake Pusey (anabweretsa wochokera m'mudzi wapafupi, kulonjezedwa kukwatiwa, ngakhale ambiri mkazi, Louise, ndipo mwana mu Germany).

Woyang'anira chachoka ku ndende ndi ku Germany nzika Gaplikov. Ntchito yake - kukakamiza anthu akumidzi kupereka okhalamo caches, kumene zobisika tirigu. Zinali iye amene amaphunzira za atabwerera ku mudzi makumi wamasiye Olena Kostyuk.

Monga ziri zodziwika bwino, mwamuna wake anasiya mkazi wapakati ndipo anapita kutsogolo, ndi Elena ndi kubwera kwa Germany anapita detachment olimbanawo, wopangidwa mwa sikisitini anyamata ndi kuwasamalira mpaka nthawi kubereka. Pamenepo mkaziyo anabwerera kanyumba ake, poganiza kuti Germany sankadziwa za izo, koma izo zinali zolakwika.

Kurt, anayesetsa ake m'manja zigaŵenga zankhondo, koma mkaziyo sudalingane. Ndiyeno usiku maliseche asilikali ake mu- chisanu ndi kumenyedwa, koma iye sanapereke ake. Njala, mazira anavulazidwa mkazi zokhoma mu khola ozizira.

Wina Mnyamata wina dzina lake Teddy chimbalangondo ulendo wake ku barani ndi ankafuna kupereka mkazi mkate, koma iye anaona wotchi ndi mfuti. Mayi anyamata Galina Malyuchiha mobisa anaba mtembo wa mwana wake, ndi kumuika iye mu holo.

Mmawa wotsatira anauika msonkhano kumene mkulu anatenga akapolo wamba asanu, kulonjezedwa kudzapereka iwo mu masiku atatu, ngati wamba musataye tirigu ndi musandiuze yemwe mwana wake anali kuyesera kubweretsa chakudya ukapolo zigaŵenga zankhondo. Komabe, palibe m'mudzimo sanali kukwaniritsa zofuna za okhalamo a.

Pakali pano, mu ukapolo Olena mwana. Ngakhale choipa, ozizira, njala ndi loopsa zinthu, mwana anabadwa wathanzi. Atabadwa, mayiyo anabwerera zovala ndi tulo. Ndiyeno Kurt anaitana iye mafunso ndi kuopseza kupha mwana, akufuna kupereka zigaŵenga zankhondo. mkazi sakugwirizana ndi mkulu adaombera mwana wongobadwa kumene, kenako analamula mayi ake.

Nthawiyi Fedosiya Kravchuk akaphunzira kuti Red Army akukonza posachedwapa m'mudzi mwawo ndipo anauza asilikali, ndipo pamene ili pa Aisiraeli. Usiku womwewo, ena mwa Mtsogoleriyu m'deralo kuti anagwidwa ndi "chilango" naye, kutaya thupi mu youma bwino. M'mawa Germany anaganiza kuti mkulu anathawa.

Tsiku lotsatira, kudzera m'mudzi anagwira ndime ya asilikali analanda, kudzaona zochitikazo ndi anthu oopsa. Usiku Komabe, Red Army amamasula mudzi. Mu nkhondo ufulu afa Malasha amene anapha ndi manja awo ndi Kurt. Amaya m'manda mu manda misa ndi asilikali ndi wake anzake a m'mudzimo. Pamwamba m'mudzi pali chosowa yozizira utawaleza.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa "Rainbow"

Chikadzangotha buku lino wakhala otchuka. Ndiponso, manyuzipepala American zinali zosangalatsa za izo. A filimu kudziletsa lotchedwa, mwachisawawa zochokera nkhaniyo ngakhale asankha kuti "Oscar".

"Rainbow" linalembedwa ndi malamulo onse a mabodza ntchito: mafotokozedwe omveka cha nkhanza zosiyanasiyana za Nazi anthu indomitable, ndi ngwazi ndi olimba mtima asilikali liberators. Ngakhale chinenero chake mbalambanda, mankhwala mwadzaza cliches zolembalemba. Ambiri mwa makadiwa ofanana ndi zodziwikiratu. Germany ngati ankhanza, achinyengo mukhale chopondapo, mkulu - woipa amene amabweretsa amantha, ndi German mbuye - opusa ndi waulesi. Chipongwe mtsikana afa alimba mtima, kuchapa manyazi awo ndi magazi. Akazi wotsimikizika ndipo akuvutika mwana m'dzina la ubwino ndi omasuka chomwecho iwo achire, ndipo ola pambuyo pa kubadwa chakumwa kale kuchepetsedwa mowa. Imfa nkhondo ndi zotama ngati wabwino kuposa maziko a ukapolo manyazi mdani.

Komanso, pali umboni ambiri mu nkhaniyo. Mwachitsanzo, Germany ndi ku mudzi kwa mwezi umodzi, koma sanathe kuwerenga anthu onse. M'mudzi, pafupi ndi zomwe zikugwira ntchito zigaŵenga zankhondo, amene Germany kuopa kapitao moto kulondera ora mosasamala, ndi kuti mosavuta lazungulira kuzungulira chala chanu mkazi wamasiye wokalamba. Chipongwe Malasha paliponse ndi pa tsiku lakhumi amadziwa mwamtheradi kuti iye ali ndi pakati. Ndipo gestation Olena komanso sinditi bwino. wolemba limafotokoza za mavuto a mabanja ulimi amene ali pafupi kufa ndi njala, koma iwo akupitiriza kudya mkate kuupereka kwa asilikali.

Komabe, ngakhale zolakwa zambiri, M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti nkhaniyo, zolembedwa chabe mwezi, "Rainbow" zoipa kwambiri. Komanso, lidalembedwa ngati chidutswa propaganda kwa yokonza mwa mzimu nthawi ya nkhondo komanso udindo wake anakwaniritsa mwangwiro, kukhala kwa anthu ambiri, kunafika muuni wa muuni ndi chiyembekezo.

Vanda Vasilevskaya, "Monga Chikondi"

Mu 1944, wina Wasilewska analemba buku wake wotchuka lotchedwa "Monga Chikondi". M'nkhaniyi anayesa kuti awulule zinachitikira wauzimu wa akazi kuyembekezera amuna awo nkhondo. Poyerekeza ndi "Rainbow" ntchito imeneyi sankangotanthauza limasonyeza kuwerenga maganizo a akazi pankhondo.

nkhani masewera ndi achinyamata ndi ophunzira mkazi, Mary, ntchito ngati namwino. Iye, monga zikwi muno ake, amafuna kuti mwamuna wake Gregory kuchokera kutsogolo. Mwadzidzidzi pakubwera uthenga wa imfa yake. Maria ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri, koma wasiya yekha ndi nthawi. Atangochoka uthenga wa imfa ya Grisha n'kulakwa, ndipo abwelela kunyumba. Komabe, mwamuna wokondedwa kwambiri maonekedwe owonongeka kunja, kuti Mary amayamba ngati kuti anasiya kumukonda. Koma miyezi ingapo kuntchito mkazi anakumana ndi mkazi wamasiye, yemwe mwamuna wake anali atamwalira posachedwa ku chipatala. Chisoni ndi chikoka chachikulu pa Mariya amadziwa momwe iye ankamukonda kwenikweni Grisha.

Tsopano ngati lotha ambiri a ntchito, zomwe zinalembedwa ndi Vanda Vasilevskaya. Wambiri ya mkazi kudziwika monga zokwera ndi zotsika, koma tsopano kale ndi nyengo, ndi yoona limafotokoza m'mabuku ake. Koma musaiwale kuti pa nthawi ya nkhani Vandy Vasilevskoy unathandiza kwambiri mu kugonjetsa Fascism.