Vasily Belov, "mnyamata": Mwachidule

Kulemba za anthu ndi miyambo yosavuta. N'zovuta kulemba mu njira imene mpweya m'maganizo zithunzi kuoneka zokongola, zinamveka nyimbo ndi kuimba ofunda m'chilimwe mphepo. Ndiko kutha kulemba, si anthu onse amene amadzitcha okha olemba. Today tikukamba za munthu zapadera amene anali wanzeru kulemba talente - Vasily Belov. Mwatsatanetsatane, ife tikuyang'ana pa limodzi la buku lake lotchedwa "mnyamata". Iwo ali odzipereka pa kuphunzira moyo wa anthu Russian, ndi maonekedwe ena monga dzina lake: ". Essays pa aesthetics Folk" Belov, "mnyamata" (Chidule cha zomwe m'nkhani) analemba mchikakamizo cha imasonkhezera, mukhoza kuona nokha.

A pang'ono za wolemba

Vasily Belov ndi otchuka Russian wolemba, mmodzi wa oimira yowala kwambiri otchedwa "prose mudzi". Iye ndi woyambitsa wa ntchito, mabuku osati kuti tikondwere nazo, komanso kubwezeretsanso nzeru zawo za moyo ndi miyambo ya makolo athu. Language Belova zolondola, achidule ndi zokongola, chifukwa cha zimene malingaliro chimamangirira zambiri zithunzi kutsogolera kumvetsa moyo Russian. M'ntchito zake Belov mobwerezabwereza kupereka mphatso boma. mabuku Ake - lili ndi chiongoko kwa zaka zakubadwa Russian dziko lomwe limapezeka pamaso pa diso la owerenga mu ulemerero wake onse ndipo zosiyanasiyana.

Zilandiridwenso Vasily Belov

Tikufuna kudziwa mwachidule Belova ( "mnyamata")? Pakuti tsikulo owerenga, iwo tsopano padzakhala pang'ono, ndipo tsopano ife kulankhula za wolemba, ntchito yake moyo. Mlembi onse walemba mabuku 12, omwe ndi ngale za mtundu wake. Izi olemba luso konse kulemba pafupipafupi kwambiri. A zambiri ntchito ndi okhawo amene ntchito anthu ndipo amafuna kuti phindu. olemba Real kulemba kokha pamene inu simungakhoze kukhala chete pamene ali odzazidwa ndi kudzoza ndipo sangathenso musatero otaya kulenga. ntchito Belov zinalembedwa kuyambira mu 1961 mpaka 2000. Pa pano tsiku, wolemba sachita ndi kulemba, koma ntchito zokwanira agwera mu chinsinsi cha moyo Russian ndi kuunikira talente Belova. Kudziwika anabwera wolemba pambuyo anayamba kufalitsa m'magazini zosiyanasiyana essays wake ethnographic. Iwo anali aafupi kwambiri, ndipo owerenga ndikufuna zambiri. Ndicho chimene zinandichititsa kuganiza Vasily Belov kulemba bukhu loyamba, kenako yotsatira.

mabuku

Monga tanenera kale kale, wolemba walemba 12 mabuku. essays wake woyamba anabadwa monga zina zachidule wodzichepetsa njira kumpoto kwa moyo wa anthu Russian. Mu ntchito zake imakamba okhala Vologda, Kirov ndi dera Arkhangelsk la Russia. Iye anadziwa bwanji? moyo wake wonse zoyenera kuti zinapezedwa mbewu za m'kamwa wowerengeka songs, miyambi, byvalschiny, moyo ndi chikhalidwe cha zinthu, komanso kusagona kuphunzira deta m'mbiri malizitsani kujambula chithunzichi.

Zambiri zalembedwa Belov m'kamwa mwake mayi ake, amene anam'phunzitsa ndi chikondi kwa mitundu yonse. Iye anali Russian mkazi amene anakhala moyo wake wonse mwa mwambo. "Essays pa aesthetics anthu" - lofunika kwambiri ndi chidwi gwero phunziro la Russian Ethnography, amene anatipatsa ife wolemba onse aluso Belov. "Mnyamata", mwachidule zomwe mudzaona pansipa linalembedwa mu 1982. Akukhulupirira kuti imeneyi ndi ntchito yabwino ya wolemba.

"Mnyamata" Gawo lina

Buku "mnyamata" ndi chidagawika patatu. Aliyense wa iwo khama kupenda nkhani nkhani zina. Tiona ziwalo zonse za bukhu, komanso chaputala chimodzi mwa aliyense wa iwo. mutu amasankhidwa molingana ndi mlingo wa machulukitsidwe zambiri ndiponso kufunika mu lemba. Mutu wa gawo loyamba la otchedwa "chaka chonse", "kuphunzira ndi mbuye", "tsoka Sputnik akazi", "needlework" ndi "kusiyitsa kamphindi". Kodi anati m'buku Belov ( "mnyamata")? Chidule cha tsikulo owerenga adzakhala ali ndi chakudya yaikulu ya mutu uliwonse.

Mu mutu wakuti "chaka chonse" tikulankhula za nyengo zinayi. Mlembi amafotokoza aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane, kufotokoza chimene moyo asogolera mbumba mu zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana nyengo. Mu mfundo imeneyi youma akufotokozedwa si - nkhaniyo umaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a nkhani inki. Komanso, lemba angapezeke yakale Russian Mwambi. Aliyense nthawi amakhala ndi chakuti kupatulapo za moyo, mungapeze nkhani za maganizo a anthu, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya chikondwerero zikondwerero kwambiri.

Mu mutu wakuti "The akaphunzire ndi ambuye," tikulankhula za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zinali zofala Russia. Pali ngakhale kufotokoza ochiritsa ndi opemphapempha. Komanso, wolemba limafotokoza ntchito ndi moyo wa abusa shoemakers, blacksmiths, akalipentala, amalonda, millers, etc. Mukawerenga chaputala ichi, zikuoneka kuti iye anali mu maudindo angapo - .. molondola ndi momveka bwino Belov limafotokoza aliyense ntchito.

Mu chaputala "needlewoman" ndi funso ntchito akazi, monga kusoka, kuluka ndipo kuluka. M'mutu uno wolemba amalankhula osati a ntchito, komanso mmene akazi anachereza pa ntchito; akuimba, kupeka nyimbo, ditties ndi kuvina. Komanso, Vasily Belov tikunena chakuti, ngakhale kuti ntchito imeneyi imatengedwa kuti ndi chachikazi, kumafuna mphamvu ndi kupirira.

Chapter "kusiyitsa kamphindi" limanena za kukongola: fupa kusema, makungwa, blackening pa siliva ndi zingwe. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa luso ndi luso kuchita ntchito yawo. Mutu nalo dzina lake, chifukwa ambuye anali kuchita pamene zinafika kudzoza, ndipo nthawi anasiya padziko bola mwaluso adzakhala analenga.

"Satellite la tsoka akazi"

Mutu umenewu ndi mbali yoyamba ya buku kuchotsedwa payokha si mwangozi. Choyamba, ndi zambiri, ndipo kachiwiri kumeneko amaona mitundu yonse ya ntchito akazi. wolemba limafotokoza molondola kwambiri kuti nacho owerenga kuti kwenikweni kuyenda pansi pa madzi mu chi. Komanso, chidwi kwambiri linaperekedwa kwa mtengo lachinsinsi la ntchito akazi. Mwachitsanzo, fulakesi kale kale mnzake wamkazi wa moyo. Malinga ndi nthano, pamene mayi ntchito ndi nyumba iye ugotavlivaet panopa tsoka. Mfundo kusangalala: atsikana Russia anayamba kukonza malowolo awo kuyambira zaka 7-8. M'mawu ena, pa m'badwo uno amatha kugwira ntchito ndi nsalu.

chidwi kwambiri mfundo amaphatikizidwa ndi zikhulupiriro wowerengeka. Gawo lirilonse la ndondomeko iliyonse ntchito anapita pamodzi ndi miyambo ina. Mphatso Belova kuti seamlessly kusinthana kwa enieni luso, potero kulenga mabuku chidwi. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito imene munthu, panali okwana ntchito wamkazi. Mwachitsanzo, chaka chilichonse tsikulo lifika chingwe Vytia. Pakati pa msewu poyera matabwa tirigu, ndipo aliyense angathe kulisintha chogwiririra ndi kupotoza chingwe. Zinali ngati zosangalatsa anthu, amene okondedwa ndi ana komanso okalamba.

"Mnyamata": Cigawo

Gawo lachiwiri la buku kutiuza kuti atsogoleri amenewa: "Ikani anthu", "malekezero a moyo", "chisa", "lakalekale", "Zastolschina", "zovala", "Games". Monga Tingaone pa machaputala a chigawo ichi cha bukuli ndi odzipereka kwa miyoyo ya anthu tsiku. Apa, motsutsana ndi gawo loyamba, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo salinso operekedwa tcheru tsankho ndipo zonse.

Mutu wa "wamba" limanena za moyo chipangizo kuchokera kumalekezero kwa banja payekha. Imatengedwa moyo m'chigawo, mudzi parishi, mpingo ndi banja. "Nest" adzakangamira m'mudzi nyumba. owerenga adzakuchezerani pabwalo, m'nyumba, barani, kanyumba ndi chosungiramo udzu wa ziweto. Mutu wa "lakalekale" khama nkhani za mmene anthu adagawa masiku a sabata ndi chomwe aliyense wa iwo anali wapadera. Mu chaputala "Zovala," wolemba limatiuza za mikanjo ya anthu pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, ndipo "Games" gawo limatiuza za anthu a akusasatitsa, zosangalatsa, masewera ndi rhymes otchuka.

bwalo la moyo

Chapter lotchedwa "malekezero a moyo" limatiuza za moyo kuyambira ukhanda wokalamba, tikambirana za njira zomwe paliponse munthu Russian. onse amene amakumana ndi munthu pa njira yake apa anafotokoza. Moyo - ndi kayimbidwe kotani, amene ayenera kutsatira kuti apeze nyimbo wokongola. Iwo subordinated kayendedwe ka moyo wonse wa anthu Russian. Chirichonse ali Kutalika kwa nthawi yake: Pali masewera nyengo zosiyana, maholide, ntchito nyengo, zosangalatsa, etc. The kusintha kwa gawo m'badwo umodzi kupita ku winawo pang'onopang'ono, malire lakuthwa sanali, chifukwa aliyense ndinamverera chithumwa nthawi yake ...

mbali zitatu

Amapangidwa mu gawo lotsiriza la buku lake, Vasily Belov? "Mnyamata", mwachidule ukubwerawo mathero, kutsiriza mutu aumunthu. Apa owerenga amaphunzira mmene pochitika maholide mu Russia. Izi ndikuuzani mutu "wa moyo." Kuti mudziwe nyumba, mphero, mipingo ndi matchalitchi, tikuphunzira naye mutu wakuti "Drevotesnoe-Fasteners". Belov zimasonyezanso zinthu achipembedzo "Osati mawu amodzi." Mbali imeneyi komanso kudzayankhula afotokoza chosema wowerengeka, mafunso nthanthi chikhalidwe ndi moyo.

"Chiyambi cha woyambitsa zinthu zonse"

Kodi akutsegula mutu uwu Belov? "Mnyamata", mwachidule zomwe mwachidule kwambiri apa lafotokozedwa m'mutu uno limatiuza za conspiracies anthu, miyambi, nkhani, wowerengeka songs, anadandaula, etc. onse a pamwamba - .. Kodi maziko a moyo wa anthu, umene amadalira nthawi yovuta. Chidule Belov ( "mnyamata") yekha mu kagawo kakang'ono ka mfundo lonse ndi transmits luso machulukitsidwe. Ndicho chifukwa chake ntchito ya yowala iyenera kuwerengedwa kwathunthu.

atchulidwa

Kodi anatenga mfundo Vasily Belov? "Mnyamata", ndi atchulidwa amene ali chabe, - akulongosola anthu wamba amene anali kukumana pa moyo wake. Zimphona analengedwa ndi prototypes kwa anthu: .. amayi, abale, m'mudzimo, etc. Aliyense chithunzi kumva, koma wathunthu, ndendende chifukwa si zopeka. zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti kusiyanitsa lililonse khalidwe - yotheka ndi kugwira ntchito mwakhama, kukoma mtima ndi losavuta-apamwamba.

Ine anamupatsa makiyi zitseko wakale ndi zodabwitsa - ndicho chimene anapanga Belov. "Mnyamatayo," chidule cha machaputala takambirana - izi ndi lofunika kwambiri ndi kwambiri ntchito pa ethnography a kumpoto kwa Russia. Werengani kachidutswa - ndi kutitimira mu dziko zodabwitsa za makolo athu ndi phwandu ya nzeru. "Mnyamata" (Vasily Belov), ndemanga zimene ziri kuchipeza pa intaneti, si kwambiri kuwerenga buku. Zimakhala yaitali kuganizira chinam'chititsa n'chiyani, koma lagona kusafuna a anthu adziwe za m'mbuyomo.