Wotchuka Oka yamakhonde Reserve? Nyama ndi zomera Oka Terrasny malo

Mu pakati pa XX m'ma (1948) anaganiza kusintha malo lalikulu ili mabusa, mu makampani asanu osiyana. Mu nthawi lolimba kusamala zachilengedwe (1951) mu Moscow Region 4 nkhokwe anali anathetsa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Oka yamakhonde Reserve - mmodzi yekha mu dela la mzinda.

Iye anayenda mu maukonde lalikulu la nkhokwe biosphere ndi UNESCO. Mu February 1979, analandira kalata yothetsera.

Mbiri ya zovuta ndi

Yamakhonde Oka Biosphere Reserve anayamba ntchito yake mu June 1945, woyamba monga mbali ya gawo wotetezedwa.

Pambuyo kupeza udindo wa ntchito wake biosphere kwambiri wakulitsidwa, kotero 1984 godu siteshoni maziko polojekiti wakhala analenga pano, amene anali chinthu chachikulu chidwi nyengo ndi kudziwika kuipitsa ndi zinthu zoipa kuti asalowe m'gawo

Kumayambiriro 70 ntchentche yamakhonde Oka Biosphere Reserve anayamba kuchita polojekiti zachilengedwe pa mlingo wapamwamba topezeka.

ntchito

Ambiri owerenga podziwa ntchito mabungwe awa mu madera osiyana a dziko lathu. Ngati muli ndi chidwi kuposa wotchuka Oka yamakhonde Reserve, kuyamba ndi kuyamba, tiyeni tipeze chimene ntchito anatitumiza gulu.

Choyamba ndi kuteteza wapadera zovuta achilengedwe, ambiri m'dera la.

N'kupuma kuphunzira zinthu zachilengedwe wa Reserve ndi malo ake oyandikana. Kubwezeretsa ndi kusamala zomera zachilengedwe ndi zomera.

Phunziro, kuswana kufalitsa kwa malo awo akale ya njati za ku Ulaya.

Monga mukuonera, ngakhale pa maziko a ntchito mukhoza kujambula zinthu zina zimene wotchuka Oka yamakhonde Reserve.

Mu mbiri yake yaitali, lili ntchito kubwezeretsedwa ndi kusamala osowa lililonse kwa mitundu m'chigawochi. Chifukwa cha ntchito lamavutoli ndipo m'zigawozigawo mu patsogolo kwambiri kwa zomera za dera Moscow.

Aaborijini view malo - ndi Beaver - chiyambi cha XX atumwi pafupifupi mwathunthu asakhalenso pakati pa Russian Plain. Kubwezeretsa kwa Malo otetezedwa mu 1948 chinali Beavers 4 chitsanzo cha malo a mzinda wa Voronezh. patatha zaka zisanu (1955) anagwirizana anthu ali awiriawiri 2 wobadwira Russian.

Mu 1962, nyama zimenezi anayamba kukhazikika. Kale mu 1973 panali kum'mwera Moscow anthu, analipo beavers 110 mu 30 midzi mu makhwawa a Oka. Mu October 2003, kunja kwa malire a malo, mu chigawo Serpukhov, pali kale 68 m'midzi nyama analipo 329 payekha.

nyengo

Yamakhonde Oka Biosphere Reserve, ndi chithunzi chimene inu mukhoza kuwona m'nkhani ino, osiyana kotentha chokhala ndi nyengo. M'dera limeneli, yozizira ndi amtengo frosty, ndi m'chilimwe ndi ofunda. The pachaka mpweya kutentha sasefukira pamwamba - 3,9 ° C. Mwezi yotentha - July (+17,7 ° C), ndi ozizira January (10,5 ° C). Zolemba malire kutentha - +38 ° C, osachepera - -43 ° C. The mpweya pachaka zosakwana 500 mamilimita mvula. The makulidwe a chivundikiro chisanu, lomwe limapezeka kumapeto kwa November ndipo akubwera mu April, 55 cm.

mpumulo

Yamakhonde mbalambanda, mokoma linapendekeka kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera. Relief vypolozhenny masitepe. Amafotokozera khalidwe la mpumulo wa chapakati ndi chakumpoto mbali ya malo ndi sinkholes zimene zimachitika m'madera khala kwambiri overlie laimu.

Kuti mpumulo wa masitepe kum'mwera yodziwika ndi mapiri mchenga ndi mitengo, amene adzauka kwa mamita 10-15 pamwamba, m'madera m'munsi pafupi.

hydrology

Dera malo si yodziwika ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha malo. Kodi mitsinje angapo chochepa madzi otsika a nyanja ndi m'madambo ochepa. Mitsinje yaikulu - Ponikovka ndi Todenka zimafunika magwero kunja m'dera limeneli, m'litali ndi za 9 Km, m'lifupi za 4 m.

Nyanja ndi yaikulu komanso Sirnovskoe Protovskoe. Mu kutentha kwa m'chilimwe nyanja adzauma pafupifupi mwathunthu. Dambo zatenga mbali yaing'ono ya m'deralo (zosakwana 1%).

Nyama Oka Terrasny malo

Native mitundu - nswala, yomwe kwathunthu anadula m'chigawo cha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX. Kubwezeretsa izo, mu Oka Reserve yamakhonde awiriawiri 2 nyama izi kuyamba mu 1948. Awo linatulutsidwa mu 1950. Ndi chiyambi cha 1957 chiwerengero cha nyama zimenezi mu malo a wafika manambala umboni - 63. Kuchokera nswala mfundo anayamba kukhazikika pa gawo la Chekhov ndi chigawo Serpukhov.

Mu 1967 kubwezeretsedwa pafupi Moscow nswala anthu inkakhala anthu 157. Mu February 2008 chiwerengero kale ntchito 170 payekha. Mtundu wa bwinobwino ndithu reintroduced nabwera ku zinyama nyama.

ose

Kuyankha funso: "Kodi amadziwika Oka yamakhonde Reserve?" Tikhoza kunena kuti: ". Kuwonjezeka kwa anthu ose" Pamaso pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World mtundu ochepa kwambiri malo amenewa. Nkhondo itatha, pakhala kuchulukana. Iwo peaked pakati pa 1961 - 1300 nyama m'chigawo Serpukhov, kuphatikizapo 300 lokhalamo yamakhonde Oka Reserve.

Chifukwa kachulukidwe mkulu wa nyama za kuthetsa panali mavuto ndi chikhalidwe cha nkhalango, komanso boma ndi mbawala mu mzinda Kumwera. Panali nkhani yaikulu maonekedwe a matenda epizootic. Pambuyo kuphunzira zambiri za moyo wa malo katswiri lv Zablotskaya anaumirira anthu lamulo mbawala ndi kuwombera. M'nyengo yozizira 1961, iye anawomberedwa nyama mu malo 101 ndi 128 - mu chigawo Serpukhov. Chifukwa, patangopita zaka zochepa anthu anakhalabe pa mlingo analola.

Nyama ambiri okhala malo ndi nkhandwe. Komanso, m'gawo lake moyo mitundu 11 ya nyama zimene zimadya, 7 zomwe ziri pa dziko lino ndi moyo mpaka kalekale.

Mileme (mileme) awa akuimira mitundu 11. Pakati pawo - mleme wa Natterer a, plecotus, madzi, dziwe, wofiira, ang'ono ndi wofiira vechornytsi ndi ena.

anthu mwachilungamo yaikulu ya kalulu, kawirikawiri angapezeke kalulu. Atachokako kwa nthawi yaitali anabwerera Beaver, ndipo mosangalala anakakhala mitsinje kutetezedwa.

njati

Mwa nyama ndi okhala Oka yamakhonde Park, njati, kapena kani, mmodzi wa mtundu - njati bonasus L. - anapanga la International Red Book, komanso mu Red Book la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Mu 1948, M. A. Zablotsky analenga njati nazale. Cholinga chake - kubwezeretsa njati kuswana mitundu osowa. Patsogolo ntchito nazale anakhazikitsako:

• kulera ndi kumasula mu m'maseŵera wawo wakale malo, kulanda anthu amphamvu ndi athanzi m'minda ena Zoological ndi nurseries;
• patsogolo ndi kuteteza dziwe jini ya njati.
• kafukufuku pa zachilengedwe, zamoyo, ethology njati;
• kusintha ndi chitukuko cha njira zatsopano kusunga ndi kuswana wa njati mu ukapolo, komanso m'mikhalidwe achilengedwe.

nazale lili pa malo mahekitala 200. Kuti zinthu njati pano ali pafupi ndi masoka. m'dera nazale lagawidwa zolembera ofanana. Amacheza ndi mauna a waya ndi ogwirizana ndi makonde yaitali.

Aliyense cholembera lili banja njati. Amakhala wamwamuna, 5 (kawirikawiri 4) akazi ndi wamng'ono wa miyezi 10. Ndiye ng'ombe njati anasiyanitsidwa ndi amayi awo, ndi kulenga "unyamata" ng'ombe.

Kumapeto kwa 2009 mu kennel anawuka ndipo anatumizidwa ku madera osiyanasiyana m'dziko la Russia, Belarus, Ukraine ndi States ena kuposa 328 mahatchi njati.

Mu nazale imachitika afufuza kwambiri pa zamoyo, ethology njati. Komanso, ku Central njati nazale ndi kukonzedwa ndi kuphunzitsa akatswiri kwambiri oyenerera, amene ndiye bwinobwino ntchito mu malo ena.

Maphunziro poyerekeza mu nazale monga gulu la njati American.

Flora

Ngati sanamvetse zimene wotchuka Oka yamakhonde Reserve zithunzi anaika mu Mabaibulo wapadera, kungakuthandizeni kuganizira chikhalidwe cha malo awa zazikulu. Mu malo muli pa 950 mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera.

Wa mitengo makamaka wamba paini, thundu, linden, Aspen, spruce, birch. Nkhalango zangati wosanganiza kuphimba za 93% ya malo okwana.

Mu wamkulu, nkhalango ostepnonnyh kukula ankaudaya tsache, imvi Veronica, tsache, sedge, ndi zina zotero D..

Laimu-paini-thundu nkhalango ndi wodetsedwa kwa mapulo ndi m'tchire wa bereskeleta, otuwira, honeysuckle, viburnum ndi T. D.

Pali zipatso, okhala Oka yamakhonde Reserve. Zomera za gulu - mabulosi abulu, kiranberi, Kislichnaya, komanso cranberries ndi blueberries Kawirikawiri m'nkhalango kumpoto paini a m'dera limeneli.

mbalame

malo ndi zambiri mbalame. Mu nkhalango wosanganiza iwo kusankha tiers awo zoyenerera, kumene anapiye awo otetezedwa, iwo ndiotetezedwa kwa mdani ndi kumene n'zosavuta kupeza chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, jacks ali ogwirira lalikulu lalikulu akorona mtengo oyenerera mu gawo loyamba.

mbalame zing'onozing'ono kudya tizilombo kukhazikika pa yosanja kapena m'tchire, ndipo umakonza kadzidzi zisa pansi. Pano mukhoza kupeza akawelewele kwambiri ndi mbalame, redstart ndi mtengo pipit, nuthatch ndi nkhuni warbler, thrush ndi zoryanku ndi ena ambiri.

zone kusamala

Pofuna kuchepetsa zotsatira za yogwira anthu ntchito zachuma zone gawo lotetezedwa analengedwa mu malo achilengedwe zovuta. m'gawo lake ndi waukulu ndithu - 4710 ha dera m'lifupi mwake 2 Km. Pamafunikanso floodplain Oka nkhalango distiliki ozungulira dera.

M'dera limeneli, mosiyana ndikusunga, analola ntchito zochepa zachuma. Chilolezo mwapatsidwa mwayi kasamalidwe nkhalango, ndi kudula mosalekeza ndikoletsedwa. zaulimi analoledwa floodplain wa Oka (choletsedwa kulima dziko latsopano). Komanso, analetsa yomanga, m'zigawo ndi migodi, yomanga mitundu yonse misewu ndi malo cholinga chilichonse. Terms nsomba ndi kusaka ayenera Komanso kukhala mgwirizano ndi makonzedwe.

ntchito yophunzitsa

otetezedwa ndi wabwino sayansi m'munsi sukulu zambiri mkulu wa likulu, komanso sukulu ya Russia. Apa ophunzira kuletsedwa kwa m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana ndi nthambi ya University Moscow State, Moscow ulimi Academy Timiryazev. Apa ophunzira nzeru za luso zamoyo Moscow State University. Komanso, pali akatswiri ku mabungwe osiyanasiyana kafukufuku. Ndi Ntchitoyi naturalists achinyamata m'dera limeneli - lyceums ndi sukulu.

Oka yamakhonde malo: ndemanga kasitomala

Anthu amene anapita malo odabwitsa, iwo unalengedwa kwa okonda zachilengedwe. Onse amasirira zodabwitsa komanso yosowa masiku ano mwayi kuona kukongola pristine wa dera Moscow ndi wapadera, nthawi zina pafupi kutha, mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera.

Alendo kukhutira kuti malo a amayenda iwo limodzi ndi atsogoleri odziwa osonyeza mwaluso kulankhula za nyama ndi zomera.

Ambiri akudandaula kuti nazale njati kupita patali kwambiri, ndipo analangiza makonzedwe a kukonza ena zoyendera kuzungulira m'deralo.