WTO - ndichiyani? gulu WTO: zikhalidwe za dziko, umembala

Zonse aliyense wa ife amve uthenga za WTO. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za bungwe ili angapezeke mu mabuku pa malo ndi zachuma. ntchito yake ndi wofunika kwambiri ku Ulaya, koma anthu athu mukudziwa za izo. Posachedwapa mwakhama kwambiri kukambirana nkhani zokhudza "Russia ndi WTO." Ndipo chotsatirapo cha chidwi kuchuluka, tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa izi zokhudza chuma ndi ndale.

Kapangidwe ndi gulu

Choncho, WTO - ndichiyani? The chidule amaima monga "Bungwe Trade World". Idamangidwa mu 1995 zokulitsa ufulu wa malonda padziko lonse, komanso pakati limati, kuloŵa WTO. Mu maziko a General mgwirizano pa tariffs ndi Trade, unakhazikitsidwa mu 1947.

likulu lake lili ku Switzerland (Geneva). Pa nthawi, woyang'anira wamkulu wa kapangidwe ndi Pascal Lamy, ndipo ali mamembala a mayiko 159 pakati pa 2013. The Director-General amagonjera Bungwe General kapena Secretariat, womwe kumabweretsa mabungwe angapo.

Utumiki Conference - WTO mkulu boma thupi. Iwo akukumana kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri. Mbiri ya kapangidwe ka misonkhano asanu amenewa bungwe, ndipo pafupifupi aliyense wa iwo limodzi ndi zingapo zionetsero pa mbali ya adani a kudalirana. Timaganiza kuti anayankha funso: "? WTO, ndichiyani". Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zolinga za gulu.

Zolinga zitatu

1. The yosalala kuthandizira a malonda ndi kuchotsa zotchinga izo. WTO gulu salola pa zotsatira izi oipa, ndi nkhanza zosiyanasiyana. Kwa amalonda munthu, Makampani ndi mabungwe departmental ya malamulo malonda sasintha popanda zindikirani. tanthauzo ndi zosavuta kumva, ndipo ntchito - zonse.

2. Popeza kusaina malemba akugwirizana nawo kwambiri a mayiko, kutsutsana mowirikiza akuwuka pakati pawo. WTO amachita ngati mkhalapakati pa zokambirana mwa kuyambitsa zingapo zoletsa zolimbana ndi kulenga kudalilika, amene amathandiza kupewa mikangano.

3. wachitatu wofunika mbali ya gulu - ndi kuthetsa mikangano. Ndipotu, positi ofesi zipani zambiri ndi zolinga zosiyana. Mapangano ndi mapangano anapangana ndi pokambiranapo wa WTO, nthawi zambiri zofunika wotsatira kutanthauzira. mfundo zonse disputable bwino yotchulidwa gulu anakhazikitsa dongosolo zochokera matanthauzo anavomera anatsatira malamulo kubweretsa maphwando mwayi wofanana ndi ufulu. N'chifukwa chake mapangano onse lalembedwa mu chimango cha bungwe monga katunduyo pa zikhalidwe za kuthetsa mikangano.

Mfundo zisanu

Panopa, pali mfundo zisanu kuti zogwirizana ndi dongosolo malonda dziko.

1. Kusasalana

Palibe boma ali ndi ufulu kungapondereze wina poika yosaloledwa inatha ndi katundu wa katundu. Choncho, mankhwala dziko ndi achilendo azigulitsidwa pa msika zoweta m'mikhalidwe chimodzimodzi.

2. Kuchepetsa wa protectionism (malonda) zopinga

zopinga Trade - izi ndi zinthu zimene kuteteza zikamera wa katundu zakunja msika zoweta boma lililonse. Choyamba, iwo monga inatha quotas ndi ntchito miyambo. Komanso pa malonda amakhudza mfundo kukhazikitsa mitengo kuwombola ndi zopinga utsogoleri.

3. predictability ndi mtendere wa zinthu malonda

Boma, ndalama ndi makampani akunja ayenera kukhala ndi chidaliro mu wosasinthika zinthu malonda (tariff ndipo sanali tariff zopinga) mwadzidzidzi umasinthasintha unsembe.

4. kukondoweza kwa chigawo mpikisano

Kuti mpikisano pakati pa Makampani ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana anali kufunika ofanana kupewa njira mwachinyengo pa kulimbana - ang'onoang'ono katundu (thandizo la boma exporting Makampani) ndi ntchito kukhuthula (makamaka anachepetsa) mtengo kulowa misika katundu watsopano.

5. Phindu mayiko ndi pamlingo wochepa chitukuko

Monga ulamuliro, mayiko WTO ndi chuma amphamvu, koma pali mayiko ena underdeveloped, yomwe gulu limapereka mwayi wapadera. Mfundo imeneyi kumatsutsana ndi ena, koma m'pofunika kudzatunga mu malonda a m'mayiko mlingo wochepa wa chitukuko.

ntchito

• kuyan'anila kugwilizana wa WTO dongosolo zofunika;
• kuthetsa mikangano pa mavuto a malonda yachilendo;
• kuthandiza osatukuka ndi otsika m'mayiko olemera;
• mogwirizana ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana padziko lonse;
• chilengedwe cha zinthu yabwino kwa zokambirana pakati pa mamembala WTO;
• kuyan'anila ndondomeko dziko m'munda wa malonda.

Ndondomeko zophatikiza

Ife pafupifupi anatsegula funso la "WTO - ndichiyani?". Mpaka tikambirane mbali yofunika kwambiri pa izo - ndondomeko kulowa, ndi komaso zaka kuli gulu. Tikayang'ana zinachitikira mayiko wodandaulayu, ndondomeko amatenga za 5-7 zaka.

Mu gawo loyamba, magulu apadera ntchito anachita yoyesa a malonda ndi ndale ndi njira chuma cha acceding boma kutsatira malamulo a WTO. Kenako amayamba kukambirana mfundo za kulowa mu bungwe la dziko phungu. Ndipo iwo akhoza kutenga mbali limati membala chidwi a magulu a ntchito.

Nkhani yaikulu ya nkhani - "malonda kwambiri" analoleza kuti WTO pa kupeza misika pambuyo nduna boma inalowa phungu mu bungwe. N'kofunika kuti akambirane - nthawi kutenga udindo wa akuwuka kwa umembala.

Nawonso boma chipani apeza ufulu, amene ali mamembala ena WTO. Izo zidzatha tsankho ake mu misika ya kunja. Ngati aliyense wa gulu kuchita popanda chilolezo, dziko lililonse tingakhale nawo. madandawulo OPC ndi (mkangano Kwawokhawokha Thupi). Pa mlingo dziko, izo ayenera kudzapereka chisankho, aliyense wa WTO.

Chinthu chomaliza ndi ratification ndi aphungu a Boma la phungu wa mapepala onse anagwirizana ndi gulu Ntchito ndi ovomerezedwa ndi Council General. Pambuyo njirayi, phungu dziko amalandira udindo yoyenera.

Russia ndi WTO

Popeza chuma cha dziko lathu (kuyambira kugwa kwa USSR), koposa Integrated mu malonda anayamba kutuluka kufunika kutuluka siteji dziko. kulowa choyamba mu WTO ankakambirana ndi utsogoleri Russian mwamsanga 1995, pamene zokambirana anali kuchitikira. inalowa mayiko gulu adzapereka kwambiri phindu. Ndipo anapatsidwa mayendedwe a chitukuko cha padziko lonse kukonzekera awo kukhala patsogolo njira. Mabonasi kuti apeza Russia pambuyo inalowa kwa WTO:

• zinthu zabwino mwayi katundu wathu msika dziko;
• kuwonjezera mwayi ndalama Russian mawu kupeza misika ya mayiko ena membala wa bungwe;
• kuwongolera fano dziko m'bwalo lonse ndale;
• luso ntchito WTO yodalirika ndi kuthetsa mikangano malonda;
• nawo chitukuko cha malamulo ndi mfundo zoti malonda polingalira zofuna zawo.

Mu 2012 patatha zaka 16 wa zokambirana inalowa Russia kwa WTO. Khoti Constitutional watumidwa kwa mgwirizano wa mayiko kuti titsimikize kugwilizana ake ndi malamulo Russian. Mu July 2012 bwalo sanapezedwa wolembedwa mu zinthu mgwirizano wa chilamulo WTO, ngati pangano onse wonse. Patapita masiku 11 Pulezidenti vv Putin zinasaina lamulo pa inalowa Russia ku gulu.

kutsutsa

Tikukhulupirira, tinakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za bungwe, ndipo alibenso funso: "WTO - ndichiyani?". Pomaliza, mawu ochepa akuwadzudzula.

anthu ambiri samagwirizana ndi mfundo WTO wa malonda kwaulere. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti mfundo izi zimathandiza kuti moyo olemera kwa anthu ambiri, koma okhawo zimalambira patsogolo a mitundu lolemera kale (ndi anthu). Komanso, mapangano a WTO ndi mlandu mokondera patsogolo mayiko olemera ndi mabungwe ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Otsutsa ndikukhulupirira kuti WTO mayiko ang'onoang'ono membala alibe chikoka mu bungwe, ndipo anayamba - akufotokoza pa zofuna zawo malonda. Komanso, malinga ndi akatswiri, zoteteza chilengedwe ndi thanzi nthawi zonse ali anakankhira mu maziko mokomera ubwino zina bizinesi.