Yanjinga: kapangidwe, mitundu, zomangamanga, zida zosinthira. chipangizo njinga

Panjinga (Aka njinga) - enaake ndi omasuka galimoto kuti ndi mwamphamvu mu moyo wa munthu masiku ano. Chaka chilichonse chiwerengero cha njinga m'misewu ya mzindawo ikukula, ndiwo uthenga wabwino. Komanso pali anthu amene njinga si njira woyendayenda ndipo tanthauzo la moyo ndi njira yaikulu ya akulandira. chiwerengero cha mpira ndi njinga masiku ano ndi aakulu.

Kaya njinga (ndipo ali ndithu mitundu yochepa), kapangidwe amafotokoza amakhalabe sichinasinthe. Ngakhale kuti ndi wosavuta, ndi luso lina lirilonse, pali zingapo zina zabwino. Today ife kudzasanthulira mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo la njinga ndi zinthu za kamangidwe kake.

chimango

Monga galimoto, njinga ali ndi katundu mwankhanza dongosolo, amene ali wokwera zinthu zina zonse. Mapulani amatchedwa chimango. Ndi maziko maganizo anachititsa poika njinga, ndi zotsatira zake pa khalidwe la moyo wake utumiki.

chimango ndi chimango diamondi woboola pakati, welded ku zinthu zoterozo:

1. Chubu kutsogolo (chapamwamba, kuchepetsa).
2. Mpando chubu.
3. Upper nthenga.
4. Chainstays.

Kodi n'zokhudza, mungathe kuwona kuchokera mu fanizo pansipa.

mungapeze zambiri zimene mungachite mafelemu pa masiku msika njinga. Iwo agawidwa m'magulu awa:

1. City.
2. Mountain.
3. Road anagona.
4. Sports.
5. Tsenga.

Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ya chimango njinga tingasonyezere osati maonekedwe ake, komanso kupanga zipangizo, mphamvu makhalidwe, komanso kulemera.

Full-kukula ndi yopindika

Njinga kungakhale utali wonse ndi yopindika. kusiyana otsiriza chimaoneka ndi kukhalapo kwa msoko osachepera limodzi limene chimango akhoza apangidwe. Choncho, savuta zoyendera zoyendera pagulu kapena pamalo obisika. Kuika njinga wamba Mwachitsanzo, mu katundu chipinda magalimoto galimotolo m'pofunika disassemble. Lopinda njinga zabwino mawu zoyendera, koma iwo ali wochepa ndi zitsanzo chachikulu pa ntchito njira ndiponso kudalirika. Childs, izi ankachita masewera njinga mudzi; sizimapanga zofuna mkulu pa liwiro ndi mphamvu. Makamaka otchuka pakati njinga zofufuzafufuza anasangalala lopinda njinga "chozemba". Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti njinga ano mfutizo zoyendera m'galimoto mukhoza kukhala mphindi zochepa. Pa msonkhano adzatenga angapo mphindi. Choncho, njinga kungomanga anagulidwa kwambiri.

zakuthupi chimango

Chuma kumanga chimango, ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri njinga kudziŵa kufunika kwake. Pakuti njinga masiku ano zitsulo, zotayidwa ndi mpweya mafelemu.

Zitsulo nthawi zambiri ntchito njinga mzinda. Mabukuwa amakhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ndi kukana nkhawa makina. The sangathe wa chimango zitsulo ndi kulemera kwake ndi kusinthasintha osauka. Zonsezi ali ndi zotsatira zoipa mphamvu ya njinga.

Zotayidwa - amphamvu, kuwala ndi nkhani kusintha. Zotayidwa mafelemu, poyerekeza ndi Anzawo zitsulo bwino zazikulu ndi amortization. Price ali komanso apamwamba.

Mpweya - mpweya CHIKWANGWANI, ponena kuti mtengo njinga mafelemu. Poyerekeza ndi analogues zitsulo mafelemu carboxylic makamaka mphamvu, durability, kukana amadza, lightness ndi maneuverability.

mawilo

Yofunika mbali ya njinga ndi gudumu. Iwo amagwira chimango mu malo olungama ndiponso mwa kasinthasintha wa njinga kutsogolera apaulendo. Gudumu zoti chabe zokwanira. Iwo amakhala ndi mlandu, m'mphepete ndi chipinda tayala.

Bushing - m'chigawo chapakati cha gudumu wopangidwa mwa mayendedwe a chitsulo chogwira matayala ndi washers. Cholinga chachikulu cha bushing - ntchito thandizo ndi makokedwe. Pa kumbuyo kwa lamkati malaya chipangizo kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo chifukwa yogwirira gudumu unwinding. Pa zitsanzo msewu wa kumanga yosavuta, kumbuyo likulu zina Integrated ananyema. kumbuyo gudumu liwiro dongosolo njinga amakhala mu kuti sprockets likulu wokwera gearshift. Malaya mapulaneti komanso anaika limagwirira chobisika kwa kusuntha.

Rim - mphete amene yomatidwa likulu ndi masipoko. Masamu mkombero ndi mlingo wa mavuto-atayankhula gudumu anatsimikiza kukana kuti katundu zazikulu ndiponso kuwonongeka. Zingerengere chifukwa magudumu njinga anapangidwa zitsulo zotayidwa, ndi masipoko - zopangidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo kuwala. Tinthu kwa kusintha maganizo a masipoko ndi oyenerera pa mbali ya felemu lija.

Kamera (basi) - m'dzenje mphira Nkhani yomwe ikuchokera pa felemu ndi mpweya ndi mpweya. Pamwamba pa chivindikiro chipinda ndi superimposed. Choncho, chinthu chokha cha chipinda chimene chili kukhudzana ndi "kunja dziko" ndi nipple, amene m'chipinda ndi mpweya ndi mpweya. Kuti imawonongeka tayala pa mitu ya masipoko mkati mwa mkombero wa overlaps mphira zipsepse.

Turo - chipolopolo zoteteza tayala asatengere makina ndi kutitengera samatha. The chivindikiro imakhala ndi mkanda, sidewall ndi kuyenda. Malinga ndi njinga kopita, ndi okonzeka ndi umodzi mwa mitundu anayi matayala:

1. Slicks ndi poluslik. Ntchito pa njinga msewu, msewu yosalala.
2. Road. Ilinso ndi kuyenda pafupifupi. Oyenera msewu ndi m'misewu dothi.
3. Mwankhaza. Ndi kutchulidwa kuyenda chitsanzo ndi cholinga m'misewu phiri.
4. Zophatikiza. A pang'ono aukali kwambiri kuposa matayala msewu, koma si monga mwa phiri imakhala yosadutsika.

Kuti aone njinga mu mdima, kuika masipoko zinthu chimawala - amasonyeza lalanje kapena wofiira.

mphanda

njinga ndi opareshoni kudzera msonkhano chiwongolero. Amakhala ndi zinthu izi:

1. Foloko.
2. Utsogoleri yachiwiri.
3. Tsinde.
4. Mwachindunji gudumu.

Kapangidwe ka njinga foloko si zovuta kwambiri. Pulagi ndi mfundo zokhwima pa gudumu kutsogolo ndipo gudumu. Mothandizidwa ndi ndodo yaikidwa mu chimango kutsogolo galasi. Chikopa ndi anaikapo mkati foloko, ndipo gudumu ndi Ufumuyo kudzera mwendo Onyamula Zazitali Ayi (osiya). Pulagi imazungulira momasuka pamene wotembenukira galasi wokwera Utsogoleri yachiwiri. Pamafunikanso: chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi mbale, mayendedwe zizimva mphete. Cup kapena mbamuikha ku kapena tili m'mavuto mu ulusi lamkati la galasi. Mphete wokwera pa ndodo amene dwi kuti ndime chiwongolero.

chiongolero

Chiongolero imakhala mbali ziwiri: paipi yopingasa ndi ndodo ofukula (kuchotsa). Malinga ndi yopingasa chitoliro unakhota, pali mitundu ngati a njinga gudumu:

1. Direct.
2. Yokhota kumapeto kunsi.
3. The oposa yokhota kumapeto.
4. "Baran".

Yosamutsa ndi mbali wapakatikati pakati pa chubu yopingasa ndi kusintha chubu gudumu. Iye Mzimuyo mtunda pakati pa gudumu ndi chimango lapansi. Motalikira tsinde, ndi malo zambiri yopingasa kukhala wopalasa njinga pamene galimoto. Kupalasa kapangidwe yosavuta sikuti amafuna kuchotsa.

amortization

Damping otchedwa njinga luso pochepetsa damping Phokoso ndi zodabwitsa. dongosolo cushioning Traditional lili foloko kutsogolo. Depreciation mapulagi kubwera mu njira zosiyanasiyana:

1. Spring.
2. Spring-elastomeric.
3. Air mafuta.
4. Spring-mafuta.

Utali wa foloko sitiroko, linagawidwa mlingo ndi loko malamulo kudzera mwa zigawo wapadera. Mapulagi kuti si zida ndi dongosolo kuyimitsidwa, wotchedwa okhwima. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito khwalala ndi njira zitsanzo. Kuwonjezera pa depreciation muyezo, njinga phiri akhoza zokuzira ndi zina kumbuyo mantha, amene kumatha Phokoso la chimango pamene galimoto monyanyira.

HIV

Kufala amatanthauza nyengo, popanda imene sadzapita kupalasa. Kapangidwe ka msonkhano umenewu, poyerekeza ndi ena, ndi zovuta zambiri zimagwirira ntchito. Dama:

1. Ophimba.
2. Nyenyezi kutsogolera.
3. Cranks.
4. Ngo.
5. Unyolo.
6. Motsogozedwa ndi nyenyezi.
7. liwiro lophimba.
8. Ndalama.

Pansi bulaketi msonkhano aikidwa mu chimango m'munsi galasi. Kapangidwe ka njinga ophimba yosavuta. Ali ngati kugwirizana mfundo pakati pa chainring ndi awiri tiyipukuse. Chifukwa kuchitira amodzi amene zokuzira kudzera-olamulira, ndi ophimba zipangitsa kasinthasintha khola la pedals, popanda kusintha. Ngolo ndi mitundu iwiri: poyera ndi katiriji mayendedwe.

Ndodozo polumikiza tinapangidwa kugwirizanitsa ophimba ndi pedals. Iwo akhoza wokwera pa apakati kapena splined phiri. Ndodo aphatikizidwa ndi sprocket kutsogolo (kapena sprockets) amene yakwera mmodzi wa iwo (kumanja).

Ngo - ndi footrest, umene kudzera kulumikiza ndodo mphamvu mawotchi ophimba pa. Malinga ntchito, ndi pedals mitundu amenewa:

1. Classic. Kwakung'ono anaika pa njinga. chinkhoswe nsapato amapezeka mwangwiro chifukwa kukhululukirana.
2. Contact. Ndi oyika chapadera kukhudzana ndi nsapato kupalasa njinga.
3. Monyanyira. Yodziwika ndi yotakata pamwamba ndi Ikani latches.
4. Ndi lamba wa.
5. Mini ngo.

Kumbuyo Kufala nyenyezi amagwira ku likulu kumbuyo. nyenyezi angapo kuti abwerere mmbuyo pa kutsogolo wina. Nyenyezi za kukula zazing'ono udindo magiya apamwamba, ndi lalikulu - kwa otsika.

Unyolo n'chofunikira mlatho pakati kutsogolo (kutsogolera) ndi kumbuyo (lotengeka) nyenyezi. Kapangidwe ka njinga mkulu-liwiro ndi osiyana amakhala kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo ndi nyenyezi zochepa. Ndi masiwichi, pali kuwaza unyolo ndi nyenyezi wina ndi mzake. masiwichi The akulamuliridwa ndi ndalama anaika pa chiongolero. Kukhudzana pakati pa ndalama ndi lophimba kumachitika kudzera zingwe za galimoto. Mitundu liwiro lophimba pa njinga ndi ochepa: Ndalama Zachitsulo kungakhale ndalezo ndi ng'oma. Pa njinga ndi zida imodzi, palibe masiwichi ndipo kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo lili nyenyezi imodzi.

mabuleki

Mabuleki ndi dongosolo lofunika kwambiri, popanda umene osavomerezeka ntchito njinga. Kapangidwe ka nagawa angakhale osiyana. Pali mitundu itatu ya kachitidwe njinga ananyema:

1. Rim (Aka "VI breykovyh" kapena "nkhupakupa").
2. Chimbale.
3. Drum-wamanja.

Rim ananyema - chipangizo okonzeka ndi nsagwada zomwe achepetsa gudumu felemu, ndi kukanikiza ndalezo ili pa mahandulo a. "Nkhupakupa" amene anaika mu malo mapiko ogwiritsa (zishango kuteteza wokwera kuchokera zouluka ku magudumu zinyalala). mabuleki angagwiritsidwe ntchito onse paokha ndipo mu tandem ndi mitundu ina.

The chimbale ananyema zoti zovuta. Amakhala ndi chimbale (braking pamwamba atathana ndi likulu gudumu), ndi caliper ndi actuator (s chingwe ndalezo). Pa caliper ndi mapadi ananyema amagwira, amene achepetsa chimbale ndi kukanikiza kogwirira kozungulira ili pa chiongolero. Chimbale mabuleki kwambiri "uthe" kulabadira kukanikiza adzakoka chokhethemulira, monga nsapato zawo ndi sitiroko ang'onoang'ono. mabuleki awa akhoza kukhala wophweka makina ndi chipangizo zambiri - hayidiroliki.

Drum-coaster mabuleki ndi chidina a m'mbuyomu, koma wokwera pa njinga yosavuta msewu. Drum ili mu likulu kumbuyo. Pamene n'zosiyana pedaling zimafalikira mapadi, amene akubwera mu kukhudzana ndi pamwamba ntchito gudumu ndi ndinayima.

chishalo

Ichi ndi chinthu wamba, koma sikutheka kulingalira njinga popanda izo. Kapangidwe ka mpando ndi pafupifupi ofanana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njinga. Kusiyanaku akhale mawonekedwe a, m'lifupi, kutalika ndi softness. Pa njinga masewera anakwera yopapatiza, oblong ndi olimba. Ndipo ankachita masewera monga kungomanga "chozemba" njinga Mwachitsanzo, iwo amakhala tcheru ndi zofewa. Ena zitsanzo Komanso biases pansi. mpando yaikidwa pa mpando positi, omwe umabwera mu chubu chomwecho ndipo clamped ndi njira yapadera. Lathu la kafukufuku mu chitoliro amachititsa ulendo utali.

Pomaliza

Monga mukuonera, pa njinga, kapangidwe ka zimene tinakambirana mwatsatanetsatane lero, si yapafupi. Malinga ndi chiwembu pamwamba nkhani zonse ntchito. Ndipo ngakhale kapangidwe choyambirira njinga, amamwa amasiyana yekha pamaso pa zinthu zina.