Yugoslavia unasweka mu mkhalidwe wotani? Kodi mayiko ambiri ndisungunuka Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia kalekale chidwi ndi zofunika dziko pa siteji dziko: chitukuko cha chuma ndi makampani, makamaka kupanga zida, magalimoto ndi mankhwala; gulu lalikulu la asilikali, kuchuluka amene alumphe asilikali 600 sauzande ... Koma nkhwidzi mkati ndi mikangano zimene zinkachitika m'dzikolo 90s Mu zaka zapitazo inkafika pa chimake ndipo anatsogolera chakuti Yugoslavia odukaduka. Zomwe zinena wagawanika, udziwe lero, ophunzira amene amaphunzira mbiri. Izi Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Macedonia, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina ndi Kosovo - mwina anazindikira mphamvu.

Chimayambitsa

Kamodzi pa Balkan Peninsula , Yugoslavia anali boma waukulu. Anthu okhala m'mayiko amenewa, anali miyambo yosiyana kwambiri ndi miyambo, chikhalidwe ndiponso chipembedzo. Koma, ngakhale, iwo onse ankakhala m'dziko lina: Akatolika ndi Akhristu Orthodox, amene analembedwa mu Latin script, ndi amene - mu Chisililiki.

Yugoslavia wakhala nyambo chifukwa agonjetsi ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Hungary m'zaka XII, wakhala anagwira Croatia. Serbia, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina anasamukira ku Ottoman, anthu ambiri a m'mayiko amenewa anakakamizika kusintha kwa Islam. Only Montenegro kalekale ufulu ndi ufulu wodzilamulira. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mphamvu Turkey wataya kukopa kwake ndi mphamvu Choncho, Austria analanda dera la Yugoslavia kuti poyamba anali wa Ottoman. Only m'zaka za m'ma XIX Serbia anatha adzabadwanso monga zimachitika palokha.

dziko lino wasonkhanitsa zomwazikazo Balkan m'mayiko onse. Mkulu wa Croatia, Slovenia ndi anthu ena Yugoslavia anakhala mfumu ya Serbia. Mmodzi wa olamulira a, Alexander, amene anakonza kulanda boma ndipo anapereka Mphamvu dzina latsopano mu 1929 - Yugoslavia, omwe anamasuliridwa kuti "dziko la South Asilavo".

The Republic of Federal

History of Yugoslavia mu XX m'ma inkayenda ndi maziko a nkhondo dziko. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse pakhala analenga wamphamvu odana ndi lopondereza kuyenda. Chikominisi bungwe zigawenga mobisa. Koma pambuyo kugonjetsa Hitler, Yugoslavia sanakhale mbali ya Soviet Union, monga momwe anali kuyembekezera. Iye anakhalabe mfulu, koma ndi zokomera dziko, kumene kunali chimodzi chokha kulamulira chipani - Communist.

Kumayambiriro kwa 1946, kenako anayamba malamulo, amene amalembedwa chilengedwe cha watsopano Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Iwo wapangidwa ndi mayunitsi asanu palokha. Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, komanso awiri yoyenda yokha dera - Kosovo ndi Vojvodina - anapanga mphamvu. Amene dziko la Yugoslavia odukaduka m'tsogolo? Ndi mu izi ang'ono ndi choyambirira Republic, lomwe mtsogoleri wakhala Serbia. okhalamo anali waukulu mitundu gulu: pafupifupi 40% ya lonse la Yugoslavia. Mwanzeru mamembala ena a boma ndi pang'ono ngati, ndi mphamvu mwa nkhondo inayamba, ndi makangano.

Chiyambi cha mapeto

Mkangano pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana - chifukwa chachikulu kuti Yugoslavia linagawanika. Lomwe limati akhala akutsogolera kukhumudwa ndi olusa awo atsogoleri a chiwembu cha? Choyamba, kumpoto-kumadzulo Croatia ndi Slovenia, omwe asangalala, ngati akumunena apamwamba ake a mitundu moyo osauka. Mkwiyo ndi nkhawa pakati misa unakula. Yugoslavia unatha dziona ngati anthu amodzi, ngakhale kuti ankakhala pafupi mochuluka monga zaka 60.

Mu 1980, iye anamwalira mtsogoleri Communist, polimbana Tito. Pambuyo pake, tcheyamani wa Presidium osankhidwa chaka chilichonse May pakati ofuna umene aliyense Republic. Ngakhale kufanana imeneyi, anthu anatsala sankakhala osangalala. Popeza 1988, kwambiri anakula mfundo moyo wa nzika zonse Yugoslavia, anayamba kufooka kupanga, mmalo asangalala kufufuma ndi ulova. akuluakulu Senior a dziko, kutsogozedwa ndi Mikulic kutsanzika, anafuna ulamuliro wonse wa Slovenia, mtundu amaganiza chinang'ambika Kosovo padera. zochitika izi zinali chiyambi cha mapeto, napita chakuti Yugoslavia odukaduka. Zomwe zinena wagawanika, zikusonyeza mapu atsopano a dziko lapansi, amene anasonyeza bwinobwino m'mayiko amenewa palokha ngati Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina.

Slobodan Milosevic

m'tsogoleri yogwira anayamba kulamulira mu 1988, pa nsonga ya nkhondo. Kake choyamba walangizidwa kubwerera mu phiko la feduro Republic of Kosovo ndi Vojvodina. Ndipo pamene Serbia yosiyanasiyana, m'mayiko amenewa anali ochepa, anthu ambiri m'dziko lake amapereka. zochita Milosevic okha kulimbikitsa zinthu. Iye ankafuna kuti akonze wamphamvu Chisebiya mphamvu kapena kungoti anapezerapo mwayi nkhondo mkati kutenga ofunda mpando boma, choncho palibe aliyense akudziwa. Koma m'kupita odukaduka Yugoslavia. iwo unagawidwa mu boma aliyense, ngakhale lero amadziwika kuti ana. Mbiri ya Balkan Peninsula m'mabukhu ndinapatsidwa ndime zingapo.

Mu 1989, chuma ndi ndale mu FPRY kusoŵa mofulumira. Ante Markovic, nduna yaikulu latsopano, anayesa kuti achite angapo kusintha, koma izo zinali mochedwa. Kufufuma anafika 1000%, ngongole dziko anauka kwa madola biliyoni 21 m'maboma ena. Nchifukwa, Serbia anatengera malamulo atsopano amene analanda kudziyimira pawokha wa Vojvodina ndi Kosovo. Slovenia, azungu anapanga pangano ndi Croatia.

Mawu oyamba a Mipikisano chipani

History of Yugoslavia monga limodzi boma chosagawanika itha 1990s oyambirira. Masiku amenewo, dziko ukadali pofuna kupulumutsa izo udzatha: achikomyunizimu anafuna kugawana mphamvu ndi zipani zina amene momasuka ndi paokha osankhidwa ndi anthu. chifuniro zinachitikadi mu 1990. The Party Communist wa Milosevic wabweza gawo la mikango ya mavoti onse, koma za chigonjetso wathunthu akhoza kulankhula kokha Montenegro ndi Serbia.

Pa nthawi yomweyo m'madera ena kutsutsana Povunduka. Kosovo anakaniza miyeso lolimba anatengedwa kuletsa Albania dziko. Mu Croatia, ndi Serbia adaganiza zolenga kudziyimira pawokha yake. Koma nkhonyayo lalikulu linali kulengeza waung'ono Chisiloveniya ufulu umene anthu wamba anakuvoterani zpani zambiri. Kenako FPRY kuyambira kutha. Amene dziko la Yugoslavia odukaduka? Kupatula Slovenia, dipatimenti mwamsanga Macedonia ndi Croatia, ndiye Bosnia ndi Herzegovina -. Unakhala limati osiyana Montenegro ndi Serbia, omwe mpaka posachedwapa anathandiza kukhulupirika kwa Balkan boma.

Nkhondo Yugoslavia

FRNYU boma yaitali linayesetsa kuti kamodzi wamphamvu ndi wolemera dziko. Asilikali anatumizidwa ku Croatia kwa Kupha zipolowe chachikulu kuti pali choukira maziko a kulimbana ufulu. Mbiri ya azingokhala Yugoslavia anayamba ndendende ndi dera, ndipo ngakhale ku Slovenia - mayiko awiri anali opandukawo choyamba. M'zaka za nkhondo, zikwizikwi za anthu anaphedwa pano, masauzande nyumba zawo zinawonongeka muyaya.

Kenako kukuchitika chiwawa kunabuka Bosnia ndi Kosovo. Magazi a anthu osalakwa kwa pafupifupi zaka khumi unaturuka pano pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Otchedwa Yugoslavian wagawo kwa nthawi yaitali sanathe kudula kulamulira aliyense mphamvu kapena okhazikitsa mtendere asilikali kutaya West pano. Kenako, NATO ndi European Union kuti anachita nkhondo ndi lokha Milosevic, wosasamalira kupulula ake a anthu wamba komanso nkhanza ndi akaidi a nkhondo m'misasa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anatumizidwa kwa kuweruza a.

Kodi m'mayiko ambiri ndisungunuka Yugoslavia? Patatha zaka ya nkhondoyo pa map anapanga m'malo mphamvu imodzi chifukwa asanu. Izi Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina. Palinso ufulu Kosovo koma si mayiko onse losadziwika. Mwa anthu amene anachita izo poyamba, anali European Union ndi United States.