Zida zolankhulana: tanthauzo, mitundu, zizindikiro. Njira zogwiritsa ntchito malonda. Njira zamalankhulana

Si chinsinsi kuti kulankhulana - n'kofunika kwambiri, ngakhale mfundo zofunika za maubale. lingaliro ili akutanthauza nzeru zambiri pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zisudzo.

Ngakhale pa chiyambi cha mogwirizana anthu ndi muzilankhulana mbali yofunika kwambiri. Icho chinali choyamba njira zolankhulirana. Pakali pano, udindo wa uthenga chikukulirakulirabe. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kwambiri kuti anthu komanso ndi mitundu yonse ya njira alipo kulankhulana.

Ambiri odziwika mawu a wolemba wotchuka Antuana De Saint Exupery. Panthawiyo, ananena kuti lofunika kwambiri mu dziko ndi mwanaalirenji kulankhulana anthu. Mawu amenewa sanataye kufunika kwake lero. Kulankhulana bwino pakati pa anthu, mosakayika, ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za kupambana muzochitika ambiri wa anthu. Amathandiza ndi wokhulupirika wokhulupirika abwenzi, ntchito, komanso kukwaniritsa kuzindikira ndi kuchita bwino. Popanda nyumba bwino kuchita zimenezi kudzera njira kulankhulana zonse kumakhala kovuta.

tanthawuzo

ndi njira kulankhulana chiyani? Tanthauzo la lingaliro ili n'kofunika kuti ndondomeko ya kusintha zambiri. Choncho, kulankhulana njira - ndi chimodzi kapena njira zina zomwe mungathe kutumiza uthenga wochokera konkuno kumaloku. Woyamba amatumiza izi kapena kuti mudziwe, ndipo chachiwiri amazipeza izo. Pankhaniyi chandamale mwina kuposa wina. Choncho, pa ulaliki wa lecturer ndi transmits nkhani ya omvera lonse. Komanso, uthenga mwina okha malemba kapena phokoso. Nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo mawu, manja, ndi zina zotero D..

Development kulankhulana anthu

njira kulankhulana ndi enieni kapena kungoganiza kugwirizana mizere imene zambiri umayenda. Pankhaniyi gwero ndi wolembetsa kumafuna ena njira cholinga. Izi ndi zizindikiro ndi zilankhulo, komanso zida luso.

Zida ndi njira kulankhulana ndi kusintha akukonza ndi chitukuko cha anthu. Pamodzi ndi anthu apita kwa anthu wosazindikira kuti chitukuko positi-mafakitale. Kumasintha osati kuchuluka, komanso panali mitundu yatsopano ya njira zolankhulirana. njira Natural wa akupereka mauthenga pang'onopang'ono wodzilemekeza ndi yokumba, analenga Mwaichi mwa anthu okha.

Non-wapakamwa ndi kunyozedwa njira

Izi mitundu ya HIV deta chilengedwe. njira Non-wapakamwa ndi kunyozedwa kulankhulana ntchito zida kuti mwachibadwa chibadidwe munthu. Chifukwa ichi, ndipo akhala n'zotheka kusamutsa uthenga zamalankhulidwe.

Popanda mawu n'komwe (popanda mawu n'komwe) ndi kunyozedwa (mawu) - njira kulankhulana chikhalidwe. Ndipo woyamba wa iwo akale kwambiri.

Izo zinayambira mu ndondomeko ya kusanduka kwachilengedwenso kale maonekedwe a munthu, pamene nyama apamwamba anafotokoza maganizo awo kuti zochitika zosiyanasiyana za maganizo osiyanasiyana.

Chuma kapena ntchito wapakamwa kulankhulana njira ndi chizindikiro cha mtundu wa anthu. Pakuti zikamera wa ndondomeko zofunika kukhala dongosolo la articulation, mapangidwe mu ubongo zone yapadera, ndi zina zotero. D. Icho, pakalibe preconditions onsewa enieni osati kulankhula oimira dziko nyama.

Zikamera ngalande yokumba

Ndi chitukuko cha anthu ndi kupangidwa kufunika kufala kwa mudziwe, pakalibe mwachindunji kukhudzana pakati pa mabungwe awiri kapena kuposa. N'chifukwa chake panali njira yokumba kulankhulana. Woyambirira wa iwo anali zopelekedwa. Amaphatikiza miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi mphinjiri zizindikiro ndi zilembo kuti tathanthauzira lingaliro ( "mtengo", "chirombo", "mkazi", ndi zina zotero. D.). Chotero kupenta wosazindikira anali sitepe yoyamba ya kulemba. Ndi maonekedwe ake, ndi njira yatsopano kulankhulana njira zopelekedwa. Zolembedwa zinali wodzilemekeza ndi mabuku ndipo atolankhani pa nthawi.

Pamodzi ndi chitukuko cha filimuyi njira ya anapitiriza muzilankhulana bwino mawu. Iwo ali nazo zake wanthambo, telefoni, wailesi ndi televizioni.

Pakali pano, anthu ali ndi yaikulu kusankha njira zolankhulirana. Chikhalidwe TV HIV kudzadza ndi zatsopano, ndipo koposa zonse, kompyuta.

Mitundu kulankhulana chikhalidwe

Masiku ano anthu ambiri, mfundo zakayendesedwe amachitidwa pa maziko a ngalande ntchito kutanthauza zida zakuthupi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, izi mitundu kulankhulana okhudzidwa:

1. Oral. Kulumikizana uku amagwiritsa sanali wapakamwa ndi kunyozedwa njira zonse achibadwa, komanso ndalama.
2. Zopelekedwa. kulankhulana imeneyi imagwira ntchito njira ya nkhani, omwe chongopeka analenga munthu. Zikuphatikizapo kusindikiza kulemba ndi luso zimasonyeza tanthauzo la malo ndi nthawi.
3. E. Bukuli lili ndi yikidwa mawaya ndi opanda zingwe kulankhulana, zida computer, maginito ndi kuwala kujambula njira.

Onse mitundu itatu ya chikhalidwe njira kulankhulana kulibe mogwirizana ndi mzake.

kulankhulana m'kamwa

Kale mu mutu wa mode ano anthu amakhutira wake weniweni. kulankhulana Oral, amene "kudzera pakamwa" si amayankhulitsana. Komanso imagwiridwa ndi maganizo.
N'chifukwa chake kapangidwe ka kulankhulana wapakamwa zikuphatikiza zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndipo njira, amene zanyengo. Yowala wa iwo - mawu. Iwo amatha kupatsira mudziwe cha kapangidwe mkulu. Chilankhulo cha anthu zimathandiza ntchito mawu osokoneza ndiponso mawu ogwira mtima. Mu njira imeneyi kufala uthenga zambiri ndi zotsatira za "wothinikizidwa masika mbadwa," ie kulanda mfundo imodzi kapena akuti ndi interlocutor kumvetsa lalikulu buku deta.

Chinthu chofunika kulankhulana wapakamwa ndi zimene wolandira. Iwo akhoza kukhala wochezeka kapena kudana, kungokhala chete kapena mphamvu, ndi wotonza T. D.

Kuwonjezera wapakamwa kulankhulana chinthu chofunika kulankhulana wapakamwa amalankhula kukhudzana zithunzi. Potumiza mfundo yosavuta, umagwira ntchito yaikulu kuposa interlocutor. Zithunzi zambiri, womwenso manja, kugwedeza ndi nkhope, tiyenera kuyambitsa zigawo zikuluzikulu maganizo komanso kwenikweni mu kulankhulana mawu. Chinthu chofunika mu nkhani iyi ndi mfundo maonekedwe. Choncho, pali mwambi kuti munthu aliyense kukumana zovala. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa. Ndithudi, masiku akale, zovala kwakukulukulu ikunenedwa Chalk kwa magulu mnzake. Lero zinthu za chithunzi popanda mawu n'komwe sakuphatikizapo kuwasindikiza zovala, komanso koloko, galimoto, foni ndi zina zotero.

Mu ndondomeko ya kulankhulana wapakamwa linalembedwa monga chilengedwe chikhalidwe ndi malo a interlocutor lapansi. Apa akunena zinthu malo ndi T D..

Choncho, kulankhulana m'kamwa - ndi anzake zovuta wa ochita mwa njira womwenso mphamvu zonse, komanso chuma mwachilengedwe ndi zomveka. Komanso, ndi mode zoyambirira za kufala kwa nkhani, popanda imene kumakhala kovuta mitundu ina yonse.

zopelekedwa kulankhulana

Izi ndi mtundu winanso wa njira yofalitsira uthenga. chida Aika ndi chikalata, womwenso weniweni khola chinthu analenga ntchito kulankhulana chikhalidwe. mbali kanukanu ndi:

1. Kupezeka kwa tanthauzo. Only mu nkhani iyi n'zotheka kulankhula nkhani. Uthenga popanda tanthauzo zimachitika phokoso.
2. Pamaso pa khola mawonekedwe thupi lomwe ntchito kuonetsetsa yaitali kuteteza mbiri. Kodi "kwalembedwa foloko pamadzi" sakutanthauza gulu.
3. Cholinga cha ntchito njira zolankhulirana. Zimenezi zingakhale zinthu zimene poyambirira sinali zikalata. Mayendedwe a zakale mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe, ethnographic ndi pofukula anapatsidwa Patapita mogwirizana ndi pamaso pa tanthauzo kuti angathe kutanthauziridwa ndi "werengani" monga mutu.
4. Finalizing uthenga chikalata. Komabe, lamulo limeneli ndi wachibale mawu a ntchito yosatha zolembalemba, zina zachidule, zojambula, drafts, ndi zina zotero. E., Amene pa nthawi ina analembedwa ndi ophunzira, olemba ndakatulo ndi ojambula zithunzi.

Pakali pano, pali zikalata kalembedwe.

Komanso, lakonzedwa pamaziko a mtundu wawo wophiphiritsa. Choncho, zikalata zonse anawagawa:

1. Angathe kuwaŵerenga. Zikuphatikizapo ntchito zolembedwa ndi chinenero masoka kapena yokumba.
2. Wodziwika bwino. Cha mtundu umenewu zikalata m'gulu kuti zili ndi zithunzi (zojambula, zojambula, zithunzi ndi mafilimu, zithunzi, ndi zina zotero. D.).
3. Ideographic. Izi zikalata kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro (mapu ndi zithunzi, zizindikiro, ndi madera chizindikiro ndi zina. D.).
4. Khalidwe. Ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi zinthu zenizeni, kuchita zinthu zopelekedwa (zotsalira za mbiri yakale, owonetsera zakale zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, mapulani zipilala).
5. Makutu. phonetic Izi woomba zikalata, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo phokoso.
6. Machine-angathe kuwaŵerenga. Zikuphatikizapo mbale ndi matepi maginito, makadi nkhonya, ndi zina zotero D..

Onse a mitundu ya zikalata - mitundu ya njira zolankhulirana.

mawu olembedwa ndi mbali yofunika ya kulankhulana malonda. Mu mawu ena, zikalata - izi ndi njira yaikulu ya kulankhulana kwa aliyense wa mabungwe alipo.

Written Mitundu ya gulu lirilonse, monga ulamuliro, ndi wokhoza malamulo. Ndicho chifukwa chake iwo alibe maganizo kapena munthu chiyambi. Koma pa chikalata chomwecho - njira ya mabungwe kulankhulana ndi logic ndi Kudziwa, zikumveka komanso amachita kutopa wa inalamula compositional, etc. The lemba la uthenga makamaka osati kukauza kutsimikizira kuti boma kotero ayenera .... kunyamula thupi la muyezo anavomera.

kulankhulana Intaneti

M'ma 20 inali nthawi ya wachiwiri luso la zopangapanga, zomwe zinachititsa kumeneko ndi Chosololera TV, kompyuta ndi kugwirizana kanema. Mu nthawi yomweyo panali, ndi imelo kuti 90s mtengo wakhala lonse Internet aya dongosolo. Zonsezi - siteji yotsatira chitukuko cha njira zimayambitsa mauthenga. Iwo amakhala ndi kumasulira nkhani mitundu m'kamwa ndi zopelekedwa pakompyuta.

Kuchokera pa chiyambi ake, mtundu watsopano wa uthenga zikufotokozedwa monga njira kuthetsa mtunda pakati nkhani. Komanso, kulankhulana pakompyuta njira cholinga ntchito ngati zapamwamba sikuti lalembedwa komanso mudziwe m'kamwa. Ilo linali gawo mu chitukuko cha chida ichi kulankhulana. Iye wakhala zotheka chifukwa zomwe wa ulimi sayansi ndi luso.

Pamene ntchito vuto magetsi anali kuthetsedwa mu nkhani kufala mlingo. Ndipo ngati pamaso kayendedwe ka mphepo kupita kuwala kumayendera, koma tsopano kuwombola lonse la mauthenga anapereka nthawi yomweyo. Pa nthawi yomweyo limakupatsani pochitika chinenero m'kamwa ndi zolembedwa, komanso fano. Komanso, zamagetsi kulankhulana njira anaganiza vuto uthenga yosungirako, kulola kuti yafika pa msinkhu wina wa mauthenga chikhalidwe chitukuko paperless.

Pa siteji aluntha a chitukuko, panali kusintha kusintha kachulukidwe mwa unsembe wa malipoti khalidwe. Iyo inali kuyambitsidwa ndi chakuti anthu ayenera kusunga ndi popereka malemba anayamba kupitiliza mphamvu wogwidwa ndi njira luso lilipo. Mankind wakhala zofunika zipangizo zatsopano kuti akhoza kupulumutsa yambiri deta ndi kupereka izo mtunda wautali. Zinalengedwa monga Chifukwa cha sayansi ndi luso. njira lero kulankhulana ndi monga kompyuta ndi katswiri kachitidwe, ndi mawu mapurosesa. Nzeru izi yokumba wakhala olumikizidwa kwa ndondomeko mudziwe kutengerapo. Izi zinathandiza kuti munthu kukhulupirira kompyuta ntchito ndandanda, kumafuna kubwerezabwereza ndipo nthawi zonse.

Pa nthawi imeneyi zosowa munthu ndi gulu kulankhulana kwa anthu zimapezeka ntchito intaneti. Izi ndi lonse kompyuta network amene analenga malo enieni.

Kukula mofulumira njira zamakono kulankhulana bwanji pafupifupi muzochitika zones za zochita za anthu. Izi zikuphatikizapo kulankhulana lotha, ndi ntchito amakampani ndi chuma wonse.

kulankhulana malonda

Izi njira deta kufala ntchito muzochitika zones za ntchito, cholinga chimene ndi kukwaniritsa malonda bwino kukwaniritsa zofuna za anthu.

njira malonda kulankhula ntchito kulenga chithunzi zabwino za bungwe mu msika. Komabe, iwo ali wogwira mtima chida malonda ndondomeko. Chifukwa cha kusintha mfundo zofunikazi ikuchitika:

• kutumiza mauthenga kuti zikhudze magulu omvera pa kukhazikitsa kukhazikitsa katundu kapena zina;
• chilengedwe cha kuganiza zabwino kwa onse ku kampaniko;
• mapangidwe mtundu image, kulola makasitomala olimba mtima;
• kukopa makasitomala atsopano.

njira Marketing kulankhulana akhoza kukhala kunja ndi mkati. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo apangidwa popereka mauthenga mwa Mlengi kwa ogula ndi cholinga chokwaniritsa zofuna za anthu ndi phindu pa malonda a.

The Gawo kulankhulana malonda monga:

1. Malonda m'njira ina iliyonse kuti amalola kufalitsa mawu kuthandiza kugulitsa katundu.
2. Kukwezeleza Sales. Ichi ndi wapadera ntchito kuti amalola kusunga pamsika wa chikoka makampani ndi popularize zinthu zatsopano.
3. Direct makalata. Izi njira kulankhulana lakonzedwa yotithandiza malonda com'tumikila makalata.
4. Telemarketing. Izi njira kulankhulana akugwiritsa ntchito foni kulankhulana malo kukula malonda ndi mapangidwe zabwino ogula maganizo kampaniyo.
5. maubale. Izi mwapadera kulankhulana malonda, ntchito monga zisudzo malonda ndi fairs, ma CD ndi mamangidwe.

Onse njira pamwamba wa kufalitsa mauthenga anatumiza mwa makampani kuonjezera kufunika ogula ndi kukula malonda. N'chifukwa chake bungwe lirilonse chaperekedwa kwa Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa kasamalidwe strategy malonda ndondomeko.

Kaperekedwe kulankhulana munthu njira

uthenga umathandiza kwambiri masiku ano anthu ambiri. Mogwirizana ndi zimenezi n'kofunika ndi zogwirizana makhalidwe anthu a ngalande kulankhulana. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Chimodzi mwa mosalekeza njira kulankhulana munthu amaonedwa. ubwino waukulu ndi:

• kuthekera mmene mwachindunji mtima olandira;
• zotsatilazi, kuwapangitsa ayankhe yomweyo zimene zikuchitika;
• kutsata;
• chinsinsi;
• mwayi kuchita osachepera intermediaries ndi njira luso;
• cheapness.

Komabe, ngakhale kuti makhalidwe pamwamba, njira ya chiyanjano pakati pa munthu si nthawi zonse ntchito. nkhaniyi kuti mbali zawo zoipa, waukulu umene ndi kukula zochepa omvera.

Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti munthu - ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kulankhulana milandu pamene m'pofunika kucheza ndi anthu amene maganizo ndi kulemera kwa anthu a. M'mawu ena, ndi "atsogoleli maganizo."

njira Mbali media

Pali njira ina kulankhula, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kutumiza mauthenga ku zotheka chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu ogula. Iye ankakondanso zolinga malonda. Izi kufala kwa mauthenga kupyolera mu njira ya mawailesi. Iwo ndiwo umafalitsa TV ndi mawailesi, malonda panja komanso atolankhani, ndi Internet. njira zonsezi kulankhulana ntchito kufala kwa uthenga ku misa. Taganizirani makhalidwe zazikulu.

zida TV - njira ya mawailesi. ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi:

1. Misa. omvetsera, akhala pamaso pa TV, ndi lalikulu la zonse. Iwo amapereka TV munthu ano kuposa theka la zinthu zonse amalandira.
2. Liwiro. Mfundo opatsirana ndi analandira oonera onse nthawi yomweyo.
3. Multithreading. Mauthenga onse zimakhudza wowerenga ntchito kukhudzana audiovisual, kupereka digestibility pazipita.

Kuipa monga osauka TV ulamuliro mudziwe mtsinje. TV sangathe kupereka uthenga chofunika chandamale omvera.

Kuti njira ndi atolankhani ndi atolankhani. Pankhaniyi, atolankhani kusindikiza ndi ubwino izi:

1. Small mtengo. Njira zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo kupulumutsa mudziwe kuti chandamale bwino omvera.
2. Mwatsatanetsatane akuchitira. Zofunika chandamale omvera ndi Onetsetsani kuwerenga mfundo zomwe agonjera ngati osindikizidwa mu buku okhazikika mu phunziro lomwelo.
3. Luso ulaliki wa tsatanetsatane. TV akhoza kufalitsa nkhani yonse.
4. Tisaletse nzeru. Ziri monga mwa mfundo buku awerengedwa ndi wosuta pa chongoganiza payekha. Izi kuli ndi ubwino pa maganizo ake.

Kwa atolankhani, popereka zofunika kwa Mlengi, akhoza zimachitika ndi malonda panja. ubwino waukulu monga:

1. Showiness. Izi ndi zotheka chifukwa cha chachikulu cha matabwa ndi ntchito zithunzi zazikulu ndi malemba.
2. Location. Ogula amadziwa malo TV malonda unsembe.
3. Low mtengo. Mtengo wa malonda oterewa kwambiri m'munsi kuposa mawu a anaika pa TV kapena pa TV.

inu kusankha ndikosatheka kupereka kwa omvetsera zambiri za kuipa kwa malonda panja.

amakono kwambiri TV - Intaneti. ubwino wake monga:

1. Low mtengo malonda.
2. Chidwi cha wogula.
3. Kutheka kupeza mayankho.
4. Liwiro kafalitsidwe.

Pakati pa zovuta Intaneti zimatulutsa otsika yonena za owerenga. Ndipotu mfundo akhoza adzaikidwa mu maukonde izi lonse la mtundu uliwonse, ngakhale odziŵika osadalirika. N'chifukwa chake malipoti lofalitsidwa mu zipangizo zina, ali otchuka kwambiri pa wokhala ndi.