Zosangalatsa za zinyamazi. The dinosaur waukulu. mazira dinosaur

Zosangalatsa za zinyamazi ndi musatisiye aliyense osayanjanitsika, kulola zinthu zatsopano za buluzi okhala dziko zaka mamilioni athu zapitazo. The chodabwitsa kwambiri za zokwawa mbiri isanayambe, khalidwe lawo, makamaka mazira ndipo anapeza malo m'nkhani ino.

Land wa zinyamazi ndi

chi pamene dziko anakhala abuluzi chimphona, anayamba zaka 160 miliyoni ndipo zinatha pafupifupi mamiliyoni 56 zaka.

Pa nthawi, tinaganiza kugawana lonse nthawi kutalika kwa dziko lathuli mu 2 magawo: ndi Phanerozoic ndi Precambrian. Iwo amatchedwa eons, kapena eonothem. Ndipo kugawidwa m'mbali.

Zinyamazi anaonekera pa nthawi Jurassic wa Mesozoic - nyengo yachiwiri ya Phanerozoic eon, pamene lonselo anali kale kuyang'ana pafupi mofanana lero. Pa dziko pa nthawi imene anapambana nyengo ofunda abwino chitukuko mofulumira moyo. dziko chidafundidwa m'nkhalango ya mkungudza, Mumapezekanso, mitengo ndi cypresses. The zomera za padziko lapansi anayimiridwa mwa zinyamazi. Kenako anali nyama kuti ali kwambiri wolephera iwo mu kukula moyo ndi chikhothi wandiweyani.

Kodi kudziwa zaka zinyamazi ndi

Mafupa angelo amenewa apezeka m'maiko onse. Popeza anapeza m'madzi akuya wamkulu kuposa mwachindunji pamwamba, zokwiriridwa kwenikweni kukonza malo a asayembekezere. Pa nthawi, asayansi pafupifupi chimodzimodzi kuwerengera zaka a mafupa mu mlingo wa mpweya wa poizoni thanthwe yomwe ili. Iwo ali isotopes kusintha zochita zawo malingana ndi nthawi. Ndi kuyeza kuchuluka kwa iwo akhoza kudziwa zaka za miyala ndi mafupawa anasunga mu izo.

chimphona buluzi

Ambiri amachita chidwi ndi funso lalikulu bwanji zinyamazi anali. Koma si kungoyankha, kuyambira zimatengera mtundu wa chokwawa.

The dinosaur yaikulu - ndi plesiosaur, ndi mbiri isanayambe nyama ndi kwambiri khosi yaitali. Tikayang'ana mafupawa wake, iye anali kukula yaikulu. Makamaka, thupi lake kutalika 16 m. Iye ankakhala mu nyanja, ndi kudya nsomba ndi invertebrates.

Plesiosaurs anali mwangwiro ndinazolowera moyo mu madzi amchere. Komabe, iwo anapumira mosavuta, kotero iwo ankayenera kuti abwere pamwamba kupuma mpweya. abuluzi awa anali nthambi 4, kenako lidzasinthidwa ndi zipsepse ndi thupi, chokhala mawonekedwe a mbiya. Pali mitundu iwiri ya plesiosaurs: ndi mitu yaing'ono ndi makosi yaitali ndi makosi lalifupi ndi mitu yaikulu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti dinosaur lalikulu anakhala m'maiko onse, kuphatikizapo Antarctica ano.

Yaikulu lapadziko carnivores chonse wokhala dziko

mutu ili Tyrannosaurus okhala Asia ndi North America. Iye anali ndi thupi kutalika 14 mamita ndipo anali msaki bwino.

Tyrannosaur anali chigaza chachikulu chimene amakhala zovuta, mwakhama mchira. Mu buluzi anali hindlimbs lalikulu ndi lamphamvu, ndipo kutsogolo - waung'ono koma wamphamvu yoteroyo - awiri zala clawed.

T. Rex, malinga ndi asayansi, anali kulemera matani 6.8. Iye anali pamwamba chilombo ndipo nyama yake zambiri anakhala hadrosaurs, ceratopsians ndi zoti zinyamazi zinkadya. Pa nthawi yomweyo, asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti makamaka kudya zovunda.

Pa nthawi, tinapeza za 30 mafupa a tyrannosaurs, kotero maonekedwe a buluzi ndi, kulengedwanso pa mafupawa awa, bwino kwambiri amapereka iye ankawonekera kwenikweni.

mlingo wa nzeru

Akukhulupirira kuti dinosaur ambiri wosazindikira ndi nthumwi Eoraptor lunensis ndi kutalika thupi la 1 m, wachibale kwa theropods detachment. mafupa chinapezeka mwa Argentina mu 1993.

Akuti zinyamazi wanzeru kwambiri ku troodontids kumuwombera. Komabe, nzeru zawo akadali otsika nzeru za mbalame ano.

Chidwi mfundo: ubongo zazing'ono, mtengo umene unali ndi mtedza a Stegosaurus - buluzi ndi kutalika thupi la 9 mamita ndi kulemera matani 3.

mazira

Choyamba anapeza mu 1859, kuika hypselosaurus. Dinosaur mazira anali kuzungulira mu mawonekedwe ndi elongated. Anali osiyana chabe kukula, amene ranged pakati masentimita 15-120. Dinosaur mazira a mitundu yosiyanasiyana akhala inapezeka Spain, Chechnya, China ndi India.

Mafupa waukulu a zoti zinyamazi zinkadya zomangamanga. Iye anapezeka pa dera la kumpoto kum'mawa Spain. Age mazana angapo mazira amene anali mmenemo, anakwana pafupifupi miliyoni 65-70 zaka.

Latest zomangamanga anapeza mu 2010 m'dera Volgograd. mazira lonse 14 zakale kukula kwa 1 mamita 1 mamita 20 cm.

zinyamazi oti muli nazo zida

Ankylosaurs - izi ndi zinyamazi ambiri atetezedwe. Iwo anali mtundu wa zida. nsana wawo ndipo mutu ndiotetezedwa Bony nyanga mbale ndi studs ndi thupi anali ndi m'lifupi mwake 2.5 m. The chizindikiro cha nyama zimenezi inali yaikulu mace, yomwe inali kumapeto kwa mchira. buluzi ake ntchito ngati chida wamphamvu kuphwanyaphwanya mothandizidwa adani ake.

Top othamanga

Zosangalatsa za zinyamazi nkhawa ndi luso lawo. Makamaka, amadziwika kuti anthu a mitundu osachepera amodzi carnivores zinyamazi angachititse pa liwiro la 40 km / h. Wina kudya akuthamanga 100 yolemera Dromiceiomimus, amene anali kukhala m'dera la m'chigawo cha Alberta mu Canada. Iye anayamba liwiro la pa 60 km / h.

Chetyrehkrylye anthu

Enumerating mfundo zosangalatsa za zinyamazi, osati kutchula abuluzi, ndizo makolo mwachindunji mbalame. Pakati pawo, modabwitsa kwambiri chetyrehkryly Microraptor GUI. Iye anali wokhoza kuti apange chabe flights mwachidule mapulani mtengo wina ndi mzake. Kutalika kwa chokwawa ichi chinali 77 cm. Amakhulupirira kuti nyama, amene unayambira zotsalira anapezeka ku China mu 2010, ndi kugwirizana lomaliza unyolo zamoyo zinachita kusinthika zapoizoni mu mbalame.

chiombankhanga yaitali

Mbiri pa chizindikiro ichi anali therizinosaurus opezeka Nemegt beseni pa dera la Mongolia. M'litali pamodzi lakunja msomali kupindika anali 91 cm. Therizinosaurus analibe mano, ndipo mutu osalimba. Anadya buluzi zambiri chiswe. misomali yaikulu anali Spinosaurus ndi thupi lake anali kutalika 9 m. Iwo afika 30 cm.

Kodi mukudziwa kuti ...

Zosangalatsa za zinyamazi ali m'malo ambiri. Makamaka, anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti:

• zinyamazi kumpoto chinkhoswe mu ndikulondera madera kudziwa nyama, ndipo anapita akutali kwambiri chisa;
• zinyamazi ndi zala zisanu;
• Apatosaurus zosamukira michira yawo pa liwiro woposa liwiro cholamitsa;
• wamkulu chigaza anali ku zamiyendo Inayi buluzi - torosaurus, yemwe anali chimphona fupa chishango mozungulira khosi;
• dinosaur aliyense kulemedwa kwambiri monga masiku Nangumiyu;
• m'nyengo ya zokwawa akale, dziko lathuli anali palibe ayezi "zisoti";
• mankhwala Chinese chikhalidwe ntchito mankhwala ozunguza bongo monga ufa wa mafupa a zinyamazi;
• wakale chokwawa Suuwassea emilieae anali dzenje mutu, cholinga cha lero mpaka pano sakudziwika kwa sayansi;
• wamkulu tyrannosaurs chifukwa cha kukula kwake lalikulu sakanakhoza kusuntha msanga, choncho zochepa yosakidwa, iwo ankasakidwa chakudya pang'ono ndipo molawirira kwambiri kufa;
• nigersaurus anali nawo mano 500;
• zinyamazi sikudzamvekanso anaipanga ngati ndondomeko n'zotheka pokhapokha ngati majini zinthu zaka zaka zoposa miliyoni.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zambiri zosangalatsa za zokwawa wakale, ndi zokwawa. Pa nthawi yomweyo dziko lapansi wa zinyamazi anafa kunja zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo, komabe Wobisa zinsinsi zambiri, limene akuyembekezera ofufuza awo.