2 ppm mowa - ndi mmene mowa uli m'magazi?

Kudziwa okhutira mowa magazi, ntchito wagawo ndi ppm. Onse atamva zimenezi, koma aliyense amadziwa zimene chithunzi ichi. Mwachitsanzo, si aliyense kuyankha funso lokhudza 2 ppm mowa - ndi mmene mowa uli m'magazi. ngati mankhwalawa ndi oopsa? Tiyeni tione zimene zili ndi mawu amenewa, angati monga wina unit wa PPM, ndi zimene lamulo limati pamene kukhala kumbuyo gudumu n'koipa chifukwa index iliyonse. Ndi angati saloledwa kumwa mowa, ndipo kaya zambiri zovomerezeka ngati inu muti panjira?

PPM - ndichiyani?

Unit wa ppm muyeso kudziwa mlingo zimene pano mowa magazi. Izo zikusonyeza masauzande mowa mu Mowa magazi ndende. Chizindikiro angathe kupeza mmene mowa kudyedwa.

Kuthana ndi izi wagawo ndi zosavuta zokwanira. Anthu ambiri kuyendetsera mbali pa nambala lonse - theka, kotala, wachitatu chakhumi. Nthawi zambiri amafuna tating'ono ting'ono, kotero panali kuchuluka, izo ndi magawo zana a chonse pamodzi. Malipoti ndi kuwunika wa ntchito, gulu ili limapezeka nthawi zambiri. Kodi kumvetsa, 2 ppm mowa - izi ndi mmene mowa magazi?

Chizindikiro (ppm) akadali ang'onoang'ono wagawo kuposa kuchuluka ndi - masauzande a mankhwala. Choncho, ngati kuchuluka chimango ndi PPM, ndi Dziwani kuti kwathunthu - khumi ppm. PPM ndi khumi peresenti.

M'mikhalidwe choyezera, muledzera anatsimikiza ntchito ppm Unit (‰), chifukwa kuchuluka (%) - mtengo waukulu kwambiri. alionse amayezedwa hundredths, magawo a PPM, mwachitsanzo, mlingo wa 2 pa zikwi - kwambiri.

M'pofunikanso kuganizira kuti thupi ndi onse osiyana, amaonera mowa amuna ndi akazi losiyana. Mofanana chakuti zochita za poizoni chikuchitika pa mfundo yomweyo. Mu wamkazi thupi ppm kudziunjikira mofulumira kuposa amuna.

Kodi kuwerengera anu

Mawerengedwe a PPM, mfundo, palibe wosiyana mawerengedwe monga anthu, koma chithunzi mokwanira sikusokoneza mavuto amenewa. Monga takambirana kale, izo amaimira mille chizindikiro ‰, amatikumbutsa kuchuluka%. Iwo sayenera kusokonezedwa. Kutanthauza mlingo wa mowa, banja zotsatirazi ntchito:

• 1/1000 ‰ = 1 ndi 0.1%;
• 1 = 1000 ‰ = 100% - monofraktsionny zikuchokera popanda zosafunika;
• 0,4 ‰ = 400 = 40%;
• 0,00024 = 0,24 ‰ ndi 0,024%.

Kodi kuwerenga, 2 ppm mowa - izi ndi mowa motani? Kuganizira okhudza pamwamba, kupanga zosavuta 2 ‰ ndi 0.2% = 1/2000.

Kusiyana pakati pa anthu ndi ppm ndi mwangwiro mwadzina. Pambuyo kumwa theka la ola pambuyo pakudza pachimake m'ndende wake. Mothandizidwa ndi kuwerengetsera podziwa PPM, mungapeze mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Okhutira mowa patapita kanthawi.
• Voliyumu ya mowa chakumwa anavomera.
• nthawi yochuluka bwanji ndi koyenera kuti amasulidwe thupi la mowa.

Kuwerengetsa magawo awa monga imfomeshoni yofunikira:

• Age, kulemera, kugonana kwa munthu.
• % Ya madzimadzi mu thupi.
• Voliyumu ya mowa ankadya poyamba.

Mwachitsanzo mawerengedwe

Misa amuna ndi 82 kg. Kumwa 500 ml ya mowa wamphamvu 40%.

Anthu, ndi kulemera kwa madzi ndi 70%, kutanthauza kuti Mwachitsanzo izi ndi 57,5 makilogalamu. The kachulukidwe ya Mowa undiluted - 0,79. Choncho 500 × 0.4 kupeza 200 ml kumasulira mu magalamu × 200 0.79 158 kuchokera zili koyera mowa ndi 158 ga - 10% kupeza 142,4.

Choncho, Mowa ndende ku ataledzera ndi 142,4: 57.2 = 2.5 ppm.
Tsopano zikuonekeratu, 2 ppm mowa - izi ndi mowa zingati. Mtengo wapatali kwambiri.

Perekani chitsanzo chosonyeza kuti mawerengedwe a ppm ndi kupezeka kwa aliyense. Kuwerengetsa osati kwambiri deta chofunika, njira yosavuta. Onani kuti mfundo anapatsidwa pokhapo titachitapo malire. Ndipotu, mowa kumachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, pang'onopang'ono. Mowa kukonzedwa mu thupi kwa nthawi zina. Tiyenera kuchita kuchotsera pa msinkhu, thupi mkhalidwe wa munthu.

Table mowa mu magazi

Funso wotchuka wa oyendetsa kwa zingati mowa uli mkati zovomerezeka 0,16 ppm. Choyamba, lamulo likunena za zili mowa mg wa pa lita pamene exhaling mpweya, si anthu ambiri m'magazi. Kachiwiri anayeza mtengo alcotester, malangizo zolakwa lolingana mtengo yafupika. Choncho, ngakhale kuti munthu wodzisunga kotheratu, sakhoza kunama ku malire izi.

Kuti malizitsani kujambula chithunzichi pansipa tebulo mowa mu magazi pa mlingo zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi mowa pa khalidwe

Kutengera ndi ndende ya mowa magazi adzamasulidwa milingo angapo kuledzera. Chinthu choyamba - kuwala kuledzera hereinafter - zolimbitsa mwamphamvu, sitepe otsiriza ovuta, kungachititse kuti chikomokere ngakhale imfa. Nthaŵi iliyonse kulemera makilogalamu a anthu woopsa mlingo zotsimikizika.

Kumbukirani kuti kuchuluka - 10 ppm. Msinkhu lililonse kwa sitepe iliyonse mu%:

• 0,03 - kuledzera si kumatanthauza.
• Kuchokera 0,03 kuti 0,06 - kuledzera pang'ono.
• Kuchokera 0,06 kuti 0,16 - ndi siteji koyamba kapena kuwala kuledzera.
• Kuchokera 0,16 kuti 0,26 - mlingo pafupifupi kapena kuledzera zolimbitsa.
• Kuchokera 0,26 kuti 0,3 - digiri lachitatu - ndi kuledzera amphamvu.
• Kuchokera 0,3 kuti 0,6 - digiri aakulu zedi pa zimene chikomokere Nkosatheka ngakhale imfa.
• Kuchokera 0,6 kuti 0,65 - mlingo woopsa wa mowa.

Motero, boma la munthu akhoza kudziwa kuchuluka magawo a pamaso pa mowa magazi.

Zotsatira za galimoto

Aliyense akudziwa kuti muyenera kukhala kumbuyo gudumu mu mkhalidwe tisaledzere. Komabe, kodi malire a zimene anthu ambiri mowa magazi ndi oopsa? Taganizirani mmene anthu khalidwe chimasintha ndi kuwonjezeka pa mille.

• 0,2 - 0,51 ‰. Kale pa mlingo kumeneku kwa kuzindikira zolakwa ukuyenda kuwala gwero. M'mbuyo wounikira wa zinthu panjira. Pa nthawi yomweyo akufuna mofulumira gululi. Mmenemonso, dalaivala kuposa liwiro, koma molondola ndi chisamaliro akhudzidwa. Galimoto ndi ngozi ena. dalaivala sizili ndi mtunda ndi imeneyi.
• 0,51 - 0,81 ‰. dalaivala asaone chinthu chapatali, ndi mgwirizano akawinduka, kulakwitsa galimoto amapezeka. Otchetliv kulephera potaya zinthu. Nedekvatno anazindikira chizindikiro kuwala, mtunda.
• 0,81 - 1,21 ‰. Ulesi zotsatira pa thupi. Mbali ya view yafupika, dalaivala sanasangalale ndi zimene zikuchitika, zochita lolakwika ndi osauka, ndende chidwi kusiyiratu. dalaivala ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa ena.
• 1,21 - 2,4 ‰. Woterowo bwino woledzera munthu wotaya kutsitsimuka. Kuti malire a pamaso wasweka, lathu kwathunthu molakwika. Choncho zikuonekeratu kuti kuledzera wa 2 ppm - woopsa kwambiri, ndi kukhala kumbuyo gudumu wa munthu chabe ayi.

woopsa mlingo

Kodi mlingo wa mowa angatchedwe woopsa kwambiri? Palibe yankho limodzi kulibe aliyense thupi luso yake. Mukhonza kupanga kungoganizira potengera ndi zaka ndi zizindikiro. Chiwerengerochi zitha akusonyeza mmene mowa ndi chovomerezeka ndi zimene tiyenera kupewa.

maphunziro ambiri akusonyeza kuti 5-6 ppm - mlingo woopsa wa mowa. Amphamvu kuledzera kumayamba 2 ppm. anthu ochepa kumvetsa mawu awa, ambiri amakhulupirira mlingo malita. funso n'lakuti: 2 pa mille mowa - izi ndi mmene mowa wamphamvu? Ife anene zamwano.

Mu 0.5 L wa mowa wamphamvu limapangidwa mowa koyera 200 ml - 2.5 ppm ndi ofanana. Choncho, mlingo woopsa adzakhala mabotolo atatu = 1.5 malita. Koma imfa angayambe yekha kukachitika kuti ndalamazo anali ankadya nthawi yayifupi. Mwachitsanzo, ola limodzi. Ngati tikambirana kwa nthawi yaitali, akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi, kudzabwera kuledzera kwambiri, koma osati imfa.

Ndi mowa ndi vinyo, zinthu zikuwoneka osiyana. Mowa muli zochepa kwambiri. A mlingo woopsa ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Komanso, thupi ali ndi reflex zoteteza kwa kuledzera - kusanza, ndi kwambiri mowa atachotsedwa.

Pa imfa komanso amakhudza thupi, m'badwo wa munthu, chiwopsezo ake mowa. Vuto worsens matenda chiwindi, impso, m'mimba, ndi khalidwe la mowa.

misinkhu analoledwa mowa

Mchikhalidwe kuwerenga ppm mu 2017 kusiyana kwambiri kuchokera 2010-2013, pamene anapereka ziro yekha ppm. Iwo salola alionse a nthunzi mowa mpweya wa. Lamulo wakhala ndikusinthidwa zifukwa zingapo. Pali mankhwala mulibe mowa, koma pa makina wapadera kusonyeza mayunitsi ka ppm. Njirazi ndi monga:

• kvass;
• chokoleti;
• mopanda mowa mowa;
• yogurt;
• yogurt;
• ofunda madzi;
• malalanje;
• sangweji ndi rye mkate ndi soseji;
• perespevshy nthochi;
• pakamwa fresheners;
• mankhwala;
• ndudu.

Mlingo Small mowa ali mankhwala awa ikuwombedwa mu nthawi yochepa. Pachifukwa ichi, lamulo anathetsa ziro ppm. Poyambirira, dalaivala ntchito chikho cha kvas kapena kefir, akadataya ufulu zaka ziwiri. Zimenezi anachititsa kwambiri pa mlanduwo, ndipo linakhazikitsa lamulo mu 2013. Chiyambireni cha zochita zake Sikoyenera ponseponse mowa anakhala 0,16 ppm mu nthunzi ya wotuluka tikamapuma kuti ndi ofanana 0,35 m'magazi. The Kusintha kwa Act anakhazikitsa mu Malamulo a Road.

njira chilango

Ngati chiwerengero cha ppm kuposa malire nkosaloledwa dalaivala ukugwira zilango izi:

• Koyamba kudziwika: woyikidwa chabwino 30 chikwi, komanso dalaivalayo wotaya ufulu kwa nthawi ya zaka 1.5-2.
• Secondary siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo: chilango adzakhala 50 000, dalaivala akapanda ufulu kwa zaka 3.

Ngati anthu akumanidwa apite kumbuyo gudumu, akanatha kulimbana kwa masiku 15.
Musadalire mayendedwe anu aliyense, makamaka munthu kuledzera amphamvu mowa. The kulanda ulamuliro mu Zikatero, mwini wake wa galimoto ndi chindapusa kuchuluka kwa 30 000, ndipo akapanda chiphaso galimoto kwa zaka 2.
Posacedwapa kuyembekezeredwa kuti akhazikitsa, ngakhale zambiri kumangitsa zofunika madalaivala oledzera. Khalani maso!