A mwachidule zolembalemba kusanthula: "Ufulu" (Mayakovsky). NKHANI ndakatulo wolemba

Kwambiri kuti makhalidwe a Russian ndakatulo za 1920s, iyenera kupenda mabuku Soviet ndi kuwunika. "Ufulu" (Mayakovsky - woyambitsa ndakatuloyi) pankhaniyi chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa mwa iwo wolemba ndakatulo anafotokozera maganizo ake pa mabuku Agiriki ndi amakono. Ndipo mu chophiphiritsa, mwachizolowezi mtundu umodzi wake wapachiyambi, mwachidule mbiri yake ndakatulo panthawi imeneyi.

prehistory

Pakuti kumvetsa a ndakatulo iyi tione imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri ndi wolemba, azichititsa kuwunika. "Ufulu" Mayakovsky analemba mu 1924, pa nthawi imene iye anali penapake ndikusinthidwa maganizo ake pa mabuku. Chirengedwe cha ntchito imeneyi ayenera inextricably zogwirizana ndi kulemba zaka khumi zapitazo kapepala Futurists amene adayitana kuiwala zomwe wa mabuku, kutaya onse akuluakulu akale kale ndipo anayamba kulenga chinenero ndi ndakatulo.

kabuku kameneko, olengedwa mwa mzimu nthawi yake Komabe, kulira pagulu, chifukwa olemba ambiri, ngakhale kufunafuna njira atsopano a mawu a maganizo awo, koma mwina lolunjika pa upamwamba, kapena osachepera waulemu kwa iwo. Mayakovsky ndi gulu lake anayang'ana pa mosiyana ndi anali malo kwakukulu kwambiri mu watsopano mabuku. Komabe, Patatha zaka, wolemba ali rethought mzimu wake kuti mabuku, kumene munthu amasonyeza mwa ntchito yake yatsopano.

pa Pushkin

Ndi mutu wa ndakatuloyi ayenera kuyamba review ake ndi kusanthula. "Ufulu" (Mayakovsky kotero yophiphiritsira anamutcha chifukwa akubwera 125 chikumbutso cha kubadwa kwa Pushkin) limayamba ndi mawu onena Aleksandru Sergeevichu. Zinalembedwa khalidwe unsembe familiarly nsembe yake kulankhula mtima kwa mtima. Kale mu kuchonderera kuti chifundo cha Mayakovsky, "Dzuwa la ndakatulo Russian". Ngakhale kamvekedwe m'malo bwino, wolemba koma ulemu amalankhula za Pushkin, amazindikira zimene anachita mu chitukuko cha mabuku Russian ambiri komanso ndakatulo makamaka. Iye akudziika nazo pa mlingo yemweyo, ndipo chisoni kuti ndakatulo ankakhala nthawi ina. Pofuna izi mwamsanga kuti dzina lanu pafupi Pushkin zimaonekera chilakolako cha wolemba kubwera kwa mawu ndi upamwamba wa. Mayakovsky ngakhale anapepesa kwa Aleksandrom Sergeevichem kwa timabuku awo, kuti tsopano zilakolako onsewa achinyamata ali pa iye.

Pa alakatuli ena

Kuwonjezera pa Pushkin, wolemba ndakatulo amapereka amayesa ndi akalambula ndipo m'nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, iye akutamanda Nekrasov chifukwa chakuti iye anali "munthu awo", ngakhale yotsirizira analembanso chikondi ndi chimatsogoleredwa lyrics, amene amatsutsa ndi Mayakovsky, kuganizira mofatsa zosafunika ndi yopanda phindu kwa propaganda chosintha. Kuwunika boma la gawo loyamba la chitukuko cha ndakatulo Soviet tisaiwale ntchito kwambiri, ndi kusunga kusanthula awo malemba. "Ufulu" (Mayakovsky mu nkhani iyi amapereka amayesa mabuku Russian) amatenga Mwanjira imeneyi, malo apadera. Iwo ananenanso wolemba ndakatulo Yesenin, amene anayankha m'malo zikuchepa. Amadziwika kuti osamva zimatsutsana: osiyana kwambiri inali ntchito ya anthu awa.

mtengo

Akuti mankhwala ndi yofunika kwambiri kumvetsa zamoyo malingaliro ndakatulo a. Mayakovsky wonse wakwaniritsadi mfundo zake luso: izo sasiya kumvetsa andakatulo monga njira zamphamvu kulimbana chosintha ndi kusintha yeniyeni ya anthu, koma timalembanso maganizo ake akalambula, kuti munthu ngati wolemba, anali ofunika kwambiri. Mayakovsky ndakatulo "Ufulu" ndi chidwi chifukwa mwa iwo wolemba, ngakhale mu chobisika, ophimbidwa, anavomereza ena zolakwa za unyamata. Kamakupatsani mawu a wojambula wamkulu, amene anazindikira kulakwa kwawo ndipo anazindikira mwachizolowezi wachipongwe maonekedwe ake anavomereza iwo.

Komanso, ntchito ndi chidwi ndi wokhutira nthanthi: zimautsa mafunso a moyo ndi imfa (mwachitsanzo, wolemba ndakatulo amalankhula yamuyaya, umene moyenera ndi kuyanjanitsa ndi Pushkin), kufunika ndakatulo mu moyo wapoyera (pano wolemba ndi wovuta kwambiri kuwunika awo, po- akadali kutsutsana ndi mawu ndi mitu chikondi). ntchito Izi zinalembedwa khalidwe la ambiri ntchito za Mayakovsky mawonekedwe. Inamangidwa mu mawonekedwe a makwerero, kanthawi mzere wa ganizo ndi achidule ndi zambiri unsembe. Ndakatulo "Ufulu" (Mayakovsky) ali accentual ndime kukula, amene amaupereka sonority kwambiri ndi kulimba kwa kalembedwe chifukwa analamula yekha ntchito ng'oma ndi syllables unstressed ntchito mu dongosolo mwachisawawa. Pa makalasi sukulu mabuku kuphunzira Soviet nyengo yophunzitsa amapereka ana yosanthula ndakatulo "Ufulu." Mayakovsky - m'malo achilendo ndakatulo, ndicho chifukwa ntchito yake kumafuna kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane ndi kumvetsa.