American M16 makina: specifications, poyerekeza ndi mpikisano

M16 makina - ndi armament yaikulu ya US sitima Corps kuyambira pakati pa zaka zana lomaliza. Zitsanzo waima mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri, zitsanzo wamba zida basi mu dziko.

Kuyambira kupanga mndandanda mpaka tsopano wamasulidwa makope pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu. Ngakhale zikamera zosiyanasiyana zosintha ndi osiyanasiyana m'malo amene akhoza kupikisana ndi chitsanzo M16 mfuti akupitirizabe kusangalala ndi linafalitsidwa kwambiri kufunika msika. Ndipo chidwi zida zotere silili asilikali akatswiri komanso anthu a gawo ya boma.

History chitukuko

A chofunika chitukuko cha makina M16 anali zotsatira za zofufuza wapadera pa ALCLAD ntchito umalimbana kudziwa zimayambitsa kuvulala ndi imfa ya asilikali US mu nthawi kuyambira yoyamba ya padziko lonse mpaka ku Korea. Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 70% kuvulala anali mabala shrapnel nkhondo. Zotupa mu mikono yaing'ono nkhani% 20 okha a chonse pamodzi.

Poti waukulu kafukufuku anali kufunika kulenga zida kuwala imene adzalola kuchita basi moto wochepa likungosonyeza yolimbanirana ndi kukhudza kochepa. Kuona chizindikiro anachita mwayi kuchita mipherezero pa mtunda wa pafupi 500 meters.

Choncho, kuyambira 1957, lamulo wapamwamba wa Army US anali chiyambi cha mpikisano kukhala bwino opepuka mfuti likungosonyeza wa zosakwana 5.5 mm. Mwa zofunika zina anati: kuthekera kwa kuwombera mode osakwatira ndiponso basi, pamaso pa mokwanira capacious katiriji shopu, luso malowedwe chisoti chitetezo pa mtunda wa mamitala 400..

zochuluka za kafukufuku waperekedwa utsogoleri wa asilikali. Komabe, kunapezeka kuti kwambiri zingamuthandize chitsanzo AR-15 likungosonyeza 5,56 mm. Chifukwa zimagwirira otsika misa chipata chitsanzo gulu anasonyeza kofunikira kwambiri molondola pamene kuwombera nkhondo limodzi zambiri ndi queues.

Mu 1964, osiyanasiyana mfuti AR-15 zosintha chaonekera, kenako iye anapatsidwa dzina latsopano - ndi zodziwikiratu M16. Kuyambira mu 1996, magaziwo mwalamulo amawatenga Ankhondo US, anamugwiritsa ntchito ngati chinthu zida za Asilikali ku Vietnam. Komabe, pa nkhondowo mfuti leni anasonyeza kuti wosadalirika ndithu mfuti. Choncho, tinakhala kusintha angapo chitsanzo.

M16 Makinawa: specifications luso

Kumvetsetsa zimene uli pangozi, m'pofunika kuganizira makhalidwe a chitsanzo. Popular basi mfuti ali magawo zotsatirazi:

• Likungosonyeza - 5.5 mamilimita;
• kulemera lamba ndi wopanda zigawo zina - 3.1 makilogalamu;
• sitolo muyezo kulemera (yotsitsa) - 117 ga;
• mfuti ndi lawi arrester kutalika - 991 mamilimita;
• mbiya kutalika - 508 mamilimita;
• mikono kutalika yodzaza ndi mpeni - 1120 mamilimita;
• aluso osiyanasiyana - mamita 400;
• kuwombera mlingo - mpaka zipolopolo 950 pa mphindi imodzi;
• poyambira liwiro chipolopolo kunyamuka - mamita 1,000 pa mphindi.

Cusp

Kodi basi M16? Nyumba muyezo chitsanzo losiyana msonkhano mwachilungamo wophweka. Wolandirayo tichipeza amachepetsa awiri osiyana - pamwamba ndi pansi. Onse anapangidwa ndi linapanga workpieces zotayidwa kukonzedwa mu makina mkulu mwatsatanetsatane. Today pali zitsanzo ntchito malonda amene ali wolandila lonse, milled kuchokera billet olimba zotayidwa.

Kugwirizana magawo awiri structural wa chitsanzo imagwiridwa ndi ntchito fasteners yopingasa mu mawonekedwe a zikhomo amene mosavuta kuchotsedwa nyumba ya. Mbali imeneyi kwambiri zimatithandiza disassembly M16 kukonza ntchito ndipo anakonza njira yokonza zida.

Mfundo ntchito

M16 - makina, mmene mpweya wa chopopera ali anapatutsa kwa mbiya njira, kudutsa chubu woonda kuti ndi mbali yaikulu pa chimango chipata, ndiye limayenda kumbuyo. Komanso shutter ndi zimayenda, inatuluka linanena bungwe zowalamulira kuchokera mbiya. Chimango chipata anawamvera mchikakamizo cha kuthamanga yotsalira kwaiye m'chipinda. Ndiye izo umalimbikitsa pa angadzachite masika, umene wamanja ndi n'kuthamangitsidwa mbiya. Kuti magawowa zida recharge ndondomeko, ndi kutukula kuti akuyendera ena kwanthawi shutter mu malo kumbuyo.

Limagwirira choyambitsa

Pamaziko a mfundo lizigwira American basi M16? Photo USM zitsanzo amasonyeza kufanana kwambiri ya dongosolo ntchito ndi kudzaza mfuti mtundu "browning Auto-5." Mipangidwe yakugwira ntchito dongosolo choyambitsa amusankha mwa DIP (wamba lachitsanzo) kapena atatu malo (zida zankhondo) masiwichi. inawo lili kumanzere mu wolandila pamwamba chogwirira.

N'zotheka kukhazikitsa masiwichi m'malo angapo. Aliyense ali ndi udindo kwa ntchito zida modes munthu:

• Safe - kuteteza kumaliseche mwangozi.
• Theka - kuwombera akatemera umodzi.
• Auto - kuwombera mu mode basi.
• Zimaphulika - ntchito ima pamzere wa 3 akatemera (ntchito ankaimira mu kusinthidwa zitsanzo M16A2 ndi M16A4).

pamaso

Monga akuonadi chipangizo ntchito triangular pamaso kutsogolo. Last ochepa kumbuyo, amene amapanga zotheka kukhala zolondola moto nthenga mfuti mabomba.

Pamaso kubisala mu chogwirira pamene yonyamula zida. kasinthidwe ake anachita ndi kusintha chiwerengero cha kudina ndi flywheel wapadera, anafuna kusintha.

Mungasankhe

Mu dongosolo muyezo M16 makina limapangidwa njira kukonza manja, amene anakonza mu nangula. Mu gawo lamanja la wolandila ali ndi "rammer" chipata. Yotsirizira ntchito milandu pamene otsika pa mphamvu amaperekedwa ndi njira ya kubweranso masika.

M16 - makina amene akhoza zida ndi Launcher grenade 40 mm. Mabaibulo yamakono ya chitsanzo muli atsogoleri zachitsulo kwa ogwiritsa zosiyanasiyana Optics.

M16A2 ikuyimiridwa ndi kusintha kwa wonyezimiritsira, amene amapanga zotheka kuti kuwombera ndi ufulu onse ndi kumanzere phewa.

shopu

Kudya ogula thunthu ndi chifukwa kugonjera posachedwapa magazini awiri mzere bokosi. Monga mmene taonera mu zithunzi akale M16 makina anachokera ndi nyemba oversized masitolo mphamvu zipolopolo 20. Kenako, zitsulo ndi zotayidwa machitidwe yapangidwa kwa zipolopolo za ndalama 30.

Panopa kwa mfuti wathunthu likupezeka mu osiyanasiyana masitolo ndi mphamvu osiyana: kuchokera makatiriji 7-10 kwa zitsanzo anafuna kuti ntchito wamba, ndi kwa zipolopolo 40 zitsanzo zonse nkhondowo ntchito ndi paramilitaries.

zosintha

American M16 makina mfuti ali zosintha zikuluzikulu. Ndi, Choyamba - mfuti M16A1 ndi M16A2.

M16A1 chitsanzo imalimbikitsa ndi Baibulo kumatheka khamu muyezo nyemba. Mwa patsogolo zothandiza Dziwani maonekedwe a limagwirira ndi "ramming" chipata odalirika lawi arrester, ndi bwino tsinde gawo lotetezedwa. Amalize chitsanzo atsopano akupangidwa ndi sitolo zazikulu 30 zipolopolo ndi ogwira silencer angathe kupondereza mafunde phokoso pamene kuwombera muyezo zipolopolo 5.5 mm.

kusinthidwa wina - M16A2 - mbiya okonzeka ndi mphamvu yapamwamba, kusintha zipangizo pati, mbuyo anapanga mantha zosagwira polyamide, ndi mkono latsopano. Ngati chitsanzo yapita, nyemba anayamba akhale okonzeka ndi opepuka kugula pulasitiki zipolopolo 30.

Nayenso pamaziko a zosintha pamwamba anayamba kupanga angapo a mfuti za makina, mfuti ndi mfuti submachine:

1. M-4 - wamfupi, opepuka Baibulo la M16A2 basi mfuti ndi bwino analimbitsa kuipanikiza ananyema.
2. M733 - mfuti, imatchedwanso bulu Kommando. Izo ntchito ndi ankhondo US mphamvu yapadera, apolisi ngati zodziwikiratu chida chachikulu.
3. SR-47 - amalola ntchito masitolo ku AKM ndi kuwombera lalikulu-likungosonyeza zipolopolo.
4. Barrett REC7 - basi mfuti, anayamba pamaziko a makatiriji M16 kwa kuwombera atsopano chitsanzo 6.8 mamilimita likungosonyeza.
5. SIG 716 - makina kwa makatiriji wa 7,62 mm (NATO muyezo).

olakwika Common za ntchito ya M16

Onse ogwiritsa ntchito ndi akatswiri pachikhalidwe poyerekeza M16 ndi Kalashnikov kumenya mfuti. Pambuyo zitsanzo izi za manja wamng'ono anali kudziŵika ntchito yaikulu m'nkhondo wotchuka asilikali.

Pali zolakwika, kutenga nkhani kaŵirikaŵiri ndipo akuyerekeza Kalashnikov ndi M16. Chotsatira, kuyang'ana pa ena a iwo.

Woyamba olakwika - mlingo wochepa wa kudalirika kwa M16. A chofunika mapangidwe maganizo anali zochitika za mochedwa 60 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, pamene mu mikono ya Army US analandira choyamba M16 (makina amene makhalidwe musati zizigwirizana zofunika kudziwika ndi analandira chinaneneratu). Pambuyo kusinthidwa makungwa ndi njira chipata ntchito anakhumba makatiriji mtundu mavuto ndi ntchito mfuti ndi pafupifupi mbisoweka.

Mu mabuku Russian akadali apo mukamva za chakuti M16 zanthawi zonse kwambiri kuyeretsa - lililonse 300 akatemera. Kunena zoona, zitsanzo muyezo amatha liziyenda bwino popanda kufunika zina, kuthera maola pafupifupi 50-60 masitolo zipolopolo.

Ndipotu m'munda kutumikira ngati chida palibe zovuta kuposa yemweyo Kalashnikov kumenya mfuti, ndipo pa mfundo zingapo ngakhale mosavuta. Makamaka ntchito yoyeretsa amafuna disassembly chitsanzo kwa zigawo ochepa. Zochita zotsatirazi zimagwiridwa kwa utumiki mfuti:

1. Finyani chikhomo kulera wolandila lapansi. Monga njira pa dzanja ndi okwanira ntchito katiriji ochiritsira. Ndiye fasteners kuchotsedwa mu njira kumanja.
2. auka wolandila ndi zomera chikhomo kutsogolo.
3. Mothandizidwa ndi chogwirira ndodo cocking Wopanda gulu chikutha, kenako mukhoza chitani utumiki wake.
4. Msonkhano wotsatira wa limagwirira ndi imagwiridwa kuti iwowo.

Dziwani kuti kufunika kukhazikitsa kanthu pamwambapa amapezeka kokha pa chida kuipitsidwa mokwanira kwambiri. Ndi nkhani ya kuyeretsa zigawo zikuluzikulu nthawi zina pamafunika ankatenthetsa mpweya chubu. Chifukwa chaichi, wapadera kuyeretsa wothandizila kapena palafini ochiritsira.

olakwika lina lokhudza kamangidwe liniya ya M16. Akukhulupirira kuti zimenezi zimachititsa kuwonjezeka kwambiri mu mbiri ya muvi kwa mdani pamene kuwombera. Komabe, pamene ntchito mzere kunapezeka kuti pa kuwombera kubisa kutalika mzere pamaso ndi chinawonjezeka ndi masentimita 2 okha poyerekeza ndi AK-47. Chabwino, pamene kuwombera pamalo mosabvuta ndi wathunthu mfuti masitolo ang'ono-kakulidwe mwachindunji chizindikiro ndi zochepa.

Akukhulupirira kuti basi M16 ndi osamveka kapena ayi oyenera khalidwe la nkhondowo unarmed. Kumvetsa mmene oona maganizo, m'pofunika kulabadira Kamangidwe wa zosintha mfuti fasteners zonse wapadera kwa unsembe wa mpeni pansi pa mbiya.

Kumene, chikhalidwe cha zipangizo ntchito mu kupanga ndi msonkhano mbali musati kupereka ntchito chitsanzo cha kugodomalitsa khomo ndi chogwirira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida monga zidutswa. Komabe, mu melee kuti tsopano kawirikawiri zidzachitika nkhondowo lenileni ndi M16 akhoza kwambiri bwinobwino ntchito zolinga zimenezi. Ambiri, izo ayenera kumvetsa kuti oyenda wamba, kupatula mfuti, anapereka utumiki mfuti, ndilo yankho mulingo woyenera pochita nkhondo pa osiyanasiyana pafupi.

pomaliza

Monga mmene taonera, uzirwi wa American M16 mfuti zimatiyendera kuipa kwake. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mndandanda wa makina anapindula udindo wa chida nambala 1 osati mu Army US. zosintha zosiyanasiyana za chitsanzo muyezo mopambana utumiki wawo m'mayiko ambiri EROPA, Asia ndipo ngakhale mu utumiki ena limati.

Panopa, anatumidwa ndi kasamalidwe mkulu wa asilikali US ali kugwira ntchito pa chilengedwe cha mfuti zoopsa nzeru angathe masiku basi M16 Kankhani mu maziko. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, mfuti za banja simungakhoze kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi ntchito ndi asilikali US mu mawanga yotentha ya dziko.