Amorphous thupi. makhalidwe a

Mawu akuti "amorphous" kwenikweni anawamasulira kuchokera Greek momwe "Sibwino", "mawonekedwe ayi". Zinthu zimenezi mulibe dongosolo crystalline iwo alibe kukumana pogawanikana pamawere ndi mapangidwe nkhope krustalo. Childs, thupi amorphous ndi isotropic, ndiye katundu thupi Musati muzidalira pa chitsogozo cha kanthu kunja.

Pakuti zipangizo amorphous monga galasi (mapiri yokumba), zomatira, resins ndi zina zotero. G. Olimba boma amorphous galasi thupi imatengedwa. Choncho, chinthu zikhale mu mkhalidwe vitreous mchikakamizo cha otsika kutentha. Mchikakamizo cha kutentha okwera akusinthika mu boma chosungunula. The kukhuthala zipangizo amorphous zimadalira kutentha: apamwamba ndi, m'munsi mlingo.

Katundu wa amorphous zolimba amakulolani anawaika mungafike malo pakati zakumwa ndi timibulu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo ndi ovuta mwapadera dzina olimba.

Kusungunuka matupi amorphous - chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za zinthu izi. N'zotheka kuchita kuyesera. Pakuti amafuna stearic kandulo, dongo ndi kupanga kutentha gwero (chotenthetsera). Ndi makandulo, ndi dongo aikidwa pa mtunda wofanana ku chotenthetsera lapansi. Patapita nthawi, anayamba kulankhula limatsogolera la kandulo. Pankhaniyi, chabe dongo amakhala lililonse limatisokoneza. Patapita nthawi, kandulo chimasungunula kwathunthu. Clay komanso amakhala zofewa kwambiri.

Pali ena monga stearin, chinthu - monga zitsulo. Pamene usavutike, iwo iodzafewa ndipo kusungunula. Mu ndondomeko iyi, inu nthawi zonse penyani wolimba kwambiri ndipo ndi mbali madzi pa nkhaniyi. Matupi amenewa ali crystalline.

Pali zinthu ndi mkangano, anasintha ndipo pang'onopang'ono kukhala madzimadzi kwambiri. Mu milandu, mwachindunji kutentha pa zomwe iwo kufewetsa, sikutheka. Izi - thupi amorphous. Iwo amatha otaya, ngakhale pansi otsika kutentha. Izi zikhoza zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zinachitikira.

Galasi nyuzi m'pofunika kuyika chidutswa cha utomoni ndi kuwasiya iwo firiji. Patapita milungu ingapo izo ziwoneka kuti utomoni osati natenga maonekedwe a nyuzi, komanso panatuluka akhala ngati ndege a. Kuyeza kumeneku wosonyeza kuti thupi amorphous zinthu ngati madzi wandiweyani kwambiri ndi viscous.

Tikamaphunzira nawo ntchito X-ray ndi elekitironi maso anasonyeza kuti zinthu zimenezi particles si mu dongosolo okhwima. Timibulu ogwera Mwachitsanzo, otchedwa kuti losatha, imene mayikidwe particles. thupi Amorphous yodziwika ndi yochepa osiyanasiyana kuti dongosolo. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti pamlingo winawake inalamula awasungira amawagwiritsa kokha pafupi ndi wina ndi tinthu.

Icho chinakhazikitsidwa kuti zinthuzi (monga Ndithudi, ena) particles zimasiyanasiyana mosintha ndi mosalekeza. Komabe, zolimba amorphous, iwo akhoza kudumpha kumalo osiyanasiyana. Iwo zimathandiza ndi womangidwa wandiweyani dongosolo la tinthu zipangizo amorphous - pali mipata ndi lalikulu. Koma mtunda awa "wopanda", monga Mwachitsanzo, mu zipangizo crystalline.

Panthawi ina ya nthawi (miyezi, milungu, masiku) munthu amorphous za thupi zokha pochitika mu boma crystalline. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza penyani, ngati uchi kapena shuga maswiti patapita kanthawi kutaya chilungamo awo. Zikatero, zambiri amanena kuti mankhwala ndi "shuga." Pa nthawi yomweyo, scooping mpaka supuni uchi candied maswiti kapena yopuma, mukhoza kwenikweni penyani makhiristo shuga anapanga kuti poyamba analipo mu mawonekedwe amorphous.

Izi crystallization mowiriza zinthu limasonyeza amakhala osiyana ndi mayiko kukana. Choncho, kupatula khola amorphous thupi.