Ancient Greek lyric ndakatulo Anacreon: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Lyrics Anacreon, ngakhale kuti ndakatulo moyo BC, akadali apulumutsidwa, ndipo ngakhale otchuka. Osanenapo chakuti Wolemba wina wakale Greek mukopedwe chitukuko cha dziko ndondomeko mabuku. Za mbiri ndi ntchito ya munthu ameneyu ndipo tidzakambirana chiyani m'nkhani.

Anacreon: yonena

Za kwambiri ndakatulo moyo pang'ono amadziwika. Anabadwa Anakreon (Anakreon) m'ma 570 BC. e. mu mzinda wa Teos, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa Ionia. zinthu zosiyanasiyana kupereka maina osiyana a bambo wake: Eumelus, Aristokrit, Skifian, Parfeny ... O mayi Anacreon palibe umboni waliteteza.

Mu mzinda uwu, wolemba ndakatulo moyo mpaka 545 BC. e. ndipo ngakhale nthawi otchuka pa nyimbo zake. Koma Aperisi, motsogoleredwa ndi Koresi, anafika pa nthawi Teos. Pamaso mzinda lidagwa; Anacreon, ndi othawa anathawa ku Thrace. Kuweruza ndi mawu a wolemba Iye anali ndi mwayi otengapo kumenyana, koma bwino pang'ono sasamalira mu luso la nkhondo.

Tinakumana ndi Polycrates

Anacreon, amene yonena cholinga chake chinali Nkhani wathu, anandiitana ku bwalo la wankhanza Polycrates wa ku Samo. Iwo anali mwana wa wolemera Samo achifumu, amene anayamba kulamulira, mochenjera kuononga nzika mfulu. Anacreon Polycrates anakhala awathandize bwinobwino ndipo anakhala kunyumba yake kwa zaka 522 BC. e.

Malinga Herodotus, wolamulira wankhanza Anacreon anadalira anamvera malangizo ake. Zikuoneka kuti pomvera malo a ndakatulo analemba zambiri odes laudatory wolamulira wake. Anacreon moyo pa bwalo la Polycrates unatha imfa.

Athens

Athens anakhala mzinda otsatira pamene Anacreon moyo. Wambiri mwa ndakatulo iyi akunena izo tsopano anaitanidwa ku bwalo la wankhanza wina - Hipparchus. wolamulira tinatengera predilections bambo ake zolembalemba, amene amayamikiridwa zilandiridwenso Anacreon. N'chifukwa chake wankhanza amatumiza wolemba akazembe lonse, wopangidwa mwa galleys makumi oared.

Anacreon adza kwa Athens ndipo yodziwa andakatulo ambiri apadera anasonkhana pa bwalo la Hipparchus. Mwa iwo anali Simonides wotchuka ndiye.

Mu Athens, wolemba ndakatulo ndi kupambana yaikulu ndi chotchuka kwambiri ndi anthu. Choncho, Anacreon anali chifanizo pa Acropolis, pafupi ndi pedestal mnzake ndi olemba anzawo Xanthippe. Pakati pa nthawi Ndalama kudutsa amene akuonetsedwa Anacreon (atakhala kapena kuyima ndi manja azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala).

Mu Sabine mapiri a Italy mu 1835 wapezeka fano wakale, amene tsopano anali mu Galleria Borghese. Akukhulupirira kuti chosema ichi cha Anacreon.

imfa ndakatulo ndi

Unknown malo enieni ndi nthawi, pamene adapuma Anacreon. Wambiri ya wolemba pafupifupi anadula pambuyo kupha Sitefano Hipparchus kugwa gulu mabuku amene anasonkhana kwa iye. Ambiri mwina, Anacreon anabwerera ku mzinda wa kwawo wa Teos, kumene anakafa ndipo anaikidwa m'manda, malinga ndi umboni wa Simonides. Malinga ndi zina, wolemba ndakatulo asanabwerere kwawo, anapita pabwalo Thessalian mfumu Ehekratida limodzi pa ulendo wa Simonides.

Anacreon otchulidwa mwa azaka zoposa Greek. Malinga ndi umboni wa Lucian, katswiri wina ndi mbiri, wolemba ndakatulo anafa zaka 85.

Pali anecdotal buku la imfa Anacreon, amene anafotokozedwa ndi Pliny Wamkulu. Malinga ndi iye, wolemba ndakatulo anafa, kutsamwa pa mbewu mphesa. Komabe, Baibulo si mofatsa mwa mbiri yakale.

chilengedwe

Zambiri amadziwika bwanji ntchito ndakatulo, monga zambiri ntchito amene olemba ndi Anacreon. ndakatulo wake zinalembedwa mu chilankhulo Ionian ndipo ankafuna kuti adayimba kapena ikamawerengedwa, limodzi ndi zipangizo zoimbira.

Macitidwe amatchula mabuku asanu, wokonzedwa sukulu ya Alexandria. Mfundo zitatu zoyambirira inkakhala ntchito m'nyimbo, wachinayi - kuchokera iambic, ndi wotsiriza - wa elegiac. Mwatsoka, tinamva zidutswa chabe, akutchulidwa mu mabuku a olemba ina.

Pakati pa Mitundu ntchito ndi Aristotle analemba za ntchito zake m'gulu:

• nyimbo;
• Parfeny (choral nyimbo anachita ndi akazi);
• kukonda nyimbo;
• ndakatulo-madandaulo za mofulumira kudza ukalamba ndi achinyamata, zakanthawi;
• odes, makamaka mafumu amene ankalimbikitsa iye.

Mitu ndi amajambulapo maluwa okongola

The wakale Greek ndakatulo mu ndakatulo ake amamamatira ku boma, pang'ono chipongwe kamvekedwe. Lingaliro la zilandiridwenso chimaoneka mu kuphweka Anacreon maganizo a dziko, mtima nditaona kwa anthu ena. Iye anali mlendo maganizo zozama ndi chilakolako. Cholinga chachikulu cha ndakatulo onse - chikumbumtima nakulitsa Ndimasangalalanso mwadongosolo. zinthu za dziko lapansi: vinyo, chikondi, freethinking.

Impact mabuku dziko

Great chikoka pa chikhalidwe dziko ali Anacreon. Mavesi a ndakatulo iyi wafunsira a nyenyezi lonse wa asambili akutsanza, makamaka nthawi yamakedzana mochedwa ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi Choonadi.

Choncho, kalekale Anacreotea zosonkhanitsira analengedwa, kumene ntchito zanga zonse zinalembedwa potsanzira Anacreon. pamanja Izi kuteteza yatembenuzidwa ku Latin, ndipo kenako lofalitsidwa mu 1554. chilengedwe cha zopereka Ming'oma nthawi ya nyengo Alesandriya. Ndi izi Anacreon kapangidwe alitcha kutchuka kwake mabuku Masiku ano.

Kutchuka kwa wolemba ndakatulo m'zaka 17-18. anthu olemba European chifukwa cha ntchito zoterezi psevdoanakreonticheskimi. Mu mabuku Russian, otsatira a Anacreon monga G. R. Derzhavina, K. N. Batyushkova, M. V. Lomonosova, A. S. Pushkina.

Pakuti Anacreon akulemekezedwa anzeru

Kaperekedwe Anacreon popanda ziweruzo za iye amene analiko m'mibadwo wolemba ndakatulo, zikanakhala chosakwanira. Choncho, Agiriki Anacreon kulemekezedwa osati kwa kukongola kwa kalembedwe, komanso chifukwa cha nzeru anasonyeza pang'ono. Ngakhale matamando ndi chikondi zisangalalo za vinyo kumwa, wolemba ndakatulo nthawi zonse mogwirizana ndi muyeso, ndipo Ndipotu, ndi wina. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye akhoza kusunga maganizo mumangidwa zosangalatsa kuyang'ana mphamvu zenizeni ozungulira, popanda kupita maganizo komanso chozama. N'chifukwa chake ndakatulo wake palibe mozama kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa ganizo, chifukwa Anacreon moyo - kuwala zakanthawi ndi kanthu zosafunikira, wodzala ndi kusangalala ndi chisangalalo. Choncho omasuka ndi kuphweka chinenero chake ndakatulo.

Kenako Agiriki anali Anacreon monga munthu wansangala, amene zaka sikusokoneza akusangalala ndi moyo. Mu Athens, kumene ndakatulo anakhala kwa nthawi yaitali, iye anaika thunthu mu mawonekedwe a nyimbo, mukafunde ndi vinyo mkulu.

anacreontics

Mawu amenewa amanena za mtundu mabuku a ndakatulo kulemekeza zonse kotero amakonda Anacreon. Ndicho, zosangalatsa, zosangalatsa moyo, chimwemwe cha moyo, chakudya, chikondi. Onse potsanzira olemba mabuku akale Greek otchedwa anacreontics.

Komabe, chifukwa chakuti ndakatulo choyambirira Anacreon anabwera kwa ife mwa mawonekedwe otalikirana, chikoka chachikulu pa otsatira a Chigiriki chachikulu kale deta yathu Anacreotea.

The wakale ndakatulo Greek Choncho, zikuoneka ngati ndinapirira, mosalekeza kusangalala moyo mkulu. Chotero tawona, ndipo anakonda anthu a m'nthawi yake ndi mbadwa. Komabe, ngakhale ndi maganizo wamba mfundo momuzungulira ntchito ndakatulo, Anacreon mu moyo, malinga ndi umboni wa m'nthawi, iye ankasiyana maganizo kwambiri komanso mtima kwambiri kukhala wanzeru.