Avetik Isahakyan: yonena ndi ntchito

Wotchuka Chiameniya ndakatulo Avetik Isahakyan anasiya kwambiri zolembalemba cholowa, limene mpaka pano m'zaka za m'ma 20, zinadziwika zilipo owerenga Chirasha mu kumasulira kwa Alexander Blok, Bryusov, Ivan Bunin ndi Pasternak. No zochepa chidwi ndi nkhani ya moyo wake, umene zaka za Soviet Union chinaperekedwa kwa anthu mu maonekedwe mosamala ankadulidwa. Makamaka, ngakhale 20-30 zaka zapitazo, ngakhale Armenia yokha, anthu ochepa ankadziwa kuti wopambana wa Stalin Prize la mlingo woyamba mu 1921, anatenga mbali mu gulu la "Opaleshoni Nemesis".

Avetik Isahakyan: MBIRI (ubwana)

ndakatulo anabadwa mu 1875 mu Alexandropol Province Erivan (Russian ufumu, tsopano Gyumri, Armenia). atate wake - Sahak Isahakyan - anali mwana ochokera kumayiko Old Bayezid, amene 1828 anakakamizika kuchoka kwawo ndipo apite kutali ndi kwawo asilikali Russian mu Shirak chigwa.

Monga mwana, pang'ono Avo ophunzira agogo ndi amayi Almast. Monga nthawi zambiri ananenapo kenako, iwo munthu kwa iye abwino a mkazi Chiameniya umutu, wamphamvu odzipereka banja lake, ndi ofunitsitsa kupirira vuto lililonse chifukwa cha kulemera kwake. Kwa iwo anamva nkhani zambiri nthano, omwe anakhala mogwirizana ndi ntchito zabwino olembedwa ndi iye.

Phunziro Seminary

ndime yake yoyamba Avetik Isahakyan anayamba kulemba pa zaka 11. Posachedwapa banja lake anayamba pa Haji ku St. Echmiadzin, pamene iye anakomana ndi ophunzira bwino kudadziwika wachikhristu East Gevorgyan Seminary. Ngakhale mtsikana kudziwa zinamupatsa pochitika mayeso pakhomo, bungwe chofunika kasamalidwe kugonjera zikalata maphunziro chachikulu, amene akhala Isahakyan. Ndiye makolo ake anauzidwa kutumiza mwana wake ku sukulu kwa chaka pa Archa obisika. Pali Avetik anasonyeza khama kwambiri, nabwera Echmiadzin mu 1889, anavomerezedwa yomweyo mu kalasi 3 seminare.

Ngati ena ophunzira 150 omwe anachokera m'madera osiyanasiyana a kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo Armenia mu 1891 Avetik Isahakyan nawo zachiwawa wophunzira. Chimodzi mwa zofunika achinyamata, amene ankakana kupita ku nkhani, chinali choti awapulumutse ku lonjezo mirootrecheniya awo oletsa kulankhulana ndi anthu akunja, kupatulapo maulendo banja apo ndi apo. Alibe mwini, ophunzira awo ambiri a makalasi pakati, kuphatikizapo tsogolo la ndakatulo wotchuka, anasiya seminare.

phunziro kunja

The Nzeru zimene anapeza mu seminare, pamene kuwonjezera pa nzika za maphunzira auzimu kwambiri chidwi linaperekedwa kwa chiphunzitso cha zilankhulo, athandiza Avetiku Isaakyanu mu ulendo wake kudzera Europe, imene kuchokera 1892 mpaka 1895, iye anaphunzira mbalume Anthropology pa yunivesite ya Leipzig. Kenako munthu uja kuti Geneva, kumene anakaphunzira ku nkhani ya G. V. Plehanova, amene anachititsa chidwi chachikulu pa iye.

Kugwirizana ndi "Dashnaktsutiun"

Pamene anabwerera ku East Armenia, Avetik Isahakyan anaganiza kudzipereka kwa kulimbana ndale. Ndi ichi, iye chibatizidwireni zinthu zophwanya malamulo pa dera la Russian ufumu wakale kwambiri Chiameniya zipani "Dashnaktsutyun". activism wake zinaonedwa, ndipo mu 1896 ndakatulo anamangidwa ndipo anakhala chaka m'ndende, Erivan, kenako iye anathawira ku Odessa.

Kuvomerezedwa ulendo, anasamukira ku Zurich, kumene ankamvetsera nkhani mabuku ndi mbiri ya nzeru pa yunivesite ya m'deralo. Komabe Isaakyan sakanakhoza kukhala yaitali kunyumba, ndipo anabwerera Alexandroupoli mu 1902, anayambiranso nawo nkhondo chosintha ndi boma tsarist. Iye anafuna kwake Tbilisi, kumene ndakatulo anamangidwa kachiwiri mu 1908 ndi miyezi 6 anatumizidwa kundende Metekhi pamodzi ndi akuluakulu a anzeru Chiameniya.

Moyo mu ukapolo

Kuonetsetsa kuti Isaakyan kukhala "kukonzanso maphunziro" akuluakulu wasankha pa athamangitsidwe wake ku dera la Russian Ufumu. Mu 1911, ndakatulo iyi anauzidwa kuti achoke m'dzikolo ndipo anakakhala ku Germany. Pa chiyambi cha First World nkhondo, ankaganizira kwambiri za mavuto a ku Armenia mu Turkey, pamene boma la dziko kuti amaganiziridwa mothandiza Russia. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi chizunzo ndi pogroms, ngakhale anthu a m'madera amene anali pa mtunda wa zikwi makilomita ku mzere kutsogolo.

Pofuna kupewa kuphedwa Isaakyan ndi Johannes Lepsius ndi Paulem Rorbahom, unakonzedwa ndi German-Chiameniya Society, zomwe Atchule Western pa mavuto a Akhristu East. Komabe, zoyesayesa zonse kuteteza atapha anthu analephera, ndipo mu 1915 ogwirizana Germany - Young Turkey - akwanitsa akuyendera cholinga chake chachikulu - kumasulidwa kwa Western Armenia kwa amwenyewa kudzera kupululutsa ake.

Avetik Isahakyan: udindo opaleshoni "Nemesis"

Ngakhale pambuyo pa mapeto a Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, Turkey lokha inadzudzula bungwe la kupulula ndi m'ndende absentia kwa ena, kuphatikizapo mmodzi wa boma "triumvirate" Talaat Pasha, imfa, ambiri a iwo anali bwino mu Europe. Mu 1919, gulu la anthu a "Dashnaktsutyun" anayamba dongosolo kubwezera. ntchito zawo "Nemesis", kutanthauza chiwonongeko thupi la bungwe la fuko wakhala otukuka. Isaakyan Avetik Saakovich anatenga gawo mmenemo.

Malinga ndi mbiri anasunga olembedwa, si monga kusaka pansi othawa kwawo ku Germany zigawenga Turkey, komanso anadzipereka kukhala chowombelera chachiwiri, amene anawomberedwa Talaat Pasha, ngati Soghomon Tehliryan anaphonya. Kupha nduna ya za M'dziko la Turkey kale unachitikira pa 15 March 1921 mu Berlin. Mu nkhani iyi, kuwasokoneza Isahakian safunika koma khoti German kusanduka mtundu wa Nuremberg Mlandu wa apandu mladoturkskimi ndilibe mlandu Chiameniya wobwezera.

Bwererani ku ukapolo

Mu theka lachiwiri la mmasate Mu zaka zapitazo, boma la Soviet wakhala proactive zambiri kubwerera ku USSR luntha otchuka. Mwa anthu amene alonjeza thandizo zonse ku dzikolakwathu, ndipo anali Avetik Isahakyan, amene wanena atolankhani European kulimbikitsa anthu njira zambiri za boma la achinyamata. Iye anabwerera ku Yerevan mu 1936 ndipo anasankhidwa wapampando wa bungwe la Armenia Writers la USSR, Academician wa Academy of Sciences ndi membala Republican wa bungwe Supreme. Ndakatulo anamwalira mu 1957 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Pantheon mumzinda wa Yerevan.

chilengedwe

Chinthu chachikulu ndi zimene amadziwika Avetik Isahakyan - ndakatulo za Mama, za gawo katundu wa ntchito wamba atsale ufulu. Ambiri mu ndakatulo ndi ntchito m'nyimbo, amene otchuka chifukwa cha chikondi cha mayi ndi mayi.

Chidwi retellings ndakatulo nthano yolembedwa ndi iye, monga "mtima mayi" ( "mawu akuti mor Sirte"). Avetik Isahakyan ntchito imeneyi limafotokoza nkhani ya mnyamata yemwe kukongola wankhanza amafuna chizindikiro cha chikondi, mtima wa mayi wake. Pambuyo Mofulumira kwambiri, ndi nkhawa kwambiri mnyamatayo amachita pempho wokonda ndi kupha mkazi amene anachititsa kuti kuwala. Pamene iri yofulumira wokondedwa wake, ndiye akhumudwa, koma mtima wa mayi ake m'manja mwake anati: "Mwana wanga osauka, inu chiyani Usadzipweteka wekha?"

Tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe zovuta moyo Avetik Isahakyan. Ndakatulo ku Armenia, zidalengedwa mwa iye anamva za masukulu onse kwawo, ndi kuthandiza anyamata ndi atsikana kuphunzira nzeru zaka zakubadwa za anthu, wobvala mwandakatulo.