Author udindo mu nthano za. Author udindo mu nthano za

The nthano ndi lalifupi nkhani zambiri mu ndime imene yaikidwa tanthauzo ophiphiritsa. Zisudzo mu izo nthawi zambiri nyama.

Zikamera wa nthano

Akukhulupirira kuti nthano anaonekera ku Greece mu zaka 6-5. BC. e., Mlengi wawo Aesop. Ndi dzina la fabulist izi lodziwika bwino allegorically nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "chinenero Aesopian."

Kufala kwa mtundu wanyimbo latsopano mu Russia ndi m'mayiko

M'zaka za m'ma 1 nthano BC Aesop amasuliridwa mu ndime ku Latin Phaedrus. Kenako anayamba ntchito zosiyanasiyana olemba - kuchokera La Fontaine nthano Krylov ndi nkhani nthawi zambiri zinachokera ku Aesop.

Mu dziko lathu, mtundu wanyimbo ichi ambiri padziko m'ma 18. A. Kantemir anali woyamba Russian wolemba amene analemba nthano akadali 30s kwa zaka za m'ma 18. Kenako, panali ntchito ndi olemba ena Russian: M. V. Lomonosova, V. K. Trediakovskogo A. Sumarokov. Komabe, wotchuka kwambiri ndi odziwika fabulist m'dziko lathu ankaona kuti I. A. Krylov.

Features la nthano Krylov a

Mapiko anaganiza kuti atembenukire ku nthano, monga anali anthu ambiri kulephera mtundu wanyimbo. Pamene wolemba anafunsa chifukwa chake anasankha dzina lake, iye anayankha kuti nthano n'zoonekeratu kuti aliyense, iye "kuwerenga ndi atumiki, ndi ana." mtundu wa chilengedwe zolembalemba kalekale kwambiri ndi ndakatulo ya anthu, iye anali ndi maziko olimba mabuku Russian. Nthano kugwirizana ndi miyambi, ndi mawu, achiyankhulo yosavuta kumva, amaphunzitsa nzeru za dziko lapansi ndi makhalidwe - zonse izi zimapangitsa izo mumakonda anthu. malo wolemba mu nthano ndi chiyani? Yankho la funso limeneli amapereka nkhaniyi.

Zotengera mu nthano

Zotengera ntchito Krylov, ananamizira zophiphiritsa, anali umalimbana kutsegula mavuto ndi "zilonda" osati dziko limene ankakhala Ivan Andreyevich, komanso dongosolo lonse zochokera chodzikonda ndi chuma payekha. Satirical yaikulu ya nthano wake zikutipatsa mfundo zosasinthika za ziphuphu, nkhanza, dyera, umbuli zida za mphamvu.

Mu ntchito zake Krylov ntchito nthano yapadera ndi allusions dongosolo amatchedwa "chinenero Aesopian." Iye anali amabisa Zotengera. Kuwerenga ntchito za fabulist, ife kumvetsa kuti mikango, abulu, afisi ndi nkhandwe - nthano osati kungopereka ndi zilembo Fairy-nthano ndi zithunzi yoyenera ya mbiriyakale. Komabe, udindo mfundo satirical wolemba mu nthano ali nthawizonse ochuluka kwambiri kuposa zinthu watenga monga maziko kuti pakhale chilengedwe cha poyerekeza ndi. N'chifukwa chake kwa zaka zambiri ntchito za fabulist kukhala monga zogwirizana acuteness ndale iwo ndi lero palibe chikaiko, monga kukhala watsopano poyerekezera.

Author udindo mu nthano za "The Wolf ndi Mwanawankhosa"

Krylov nthawi kumbuyo anthu oponderezedwa kwa nkhanza ndi chiwawa cha anthu olamulira - adyera komanso wamphamvu makalasi akulamulira.

Mwachitsanzo, mu ntchito yake "The Wolf ndi Mwanawankhosa" palemba kumveka akufotokoza malo wolemba mu nthano za: "A amphamvu nthawi mphamvu mlandu!" Ofooka ndi amantha nkhosa inasanduka nkhandwe nyama kokha chifukwa yamasika njala. nthano izi ndi mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa amene amayamba ndi makhalidwe abwino, si mapeto a izo. Krylov kamodzi anati, kodi pangakhale kwa nkhani ino. Mwanawankhosa ali kanthu kutsimikizira nkhandwe njala. Ndipo otsiriza adzakhala zothandiza kuona kuti pali akhoza kubwera ola, pamene iye akakumana ndi mphamvu kuposa wake. Iye ndiye adzadzikuza? Ngati mwanawankhosa? Chifanizo cha Mwanawankhosa akuimira anthu oponderezedwa wonse, mphamvu zake ndi kusabala. malo wolemba waukulu mu nthano Krylov a "The Wolf ndi Mwanawankhosa" n'zomveka ngakhale mwana.

Tanthauzo andale

Zinthu zopanda chilungamo, chiwawa ndi kusayeruzika chadzidzidzi pa anthu osauka, serfs ndi atumiki, Ivan A. mobwerezabwereza anadzudzula ndipo anaweruzidwa m'mabuku ake. Ichi ndi udindo wolemba mu nthano za "The nkhumba pansi wathundu" ntchito "ankhandwe ndi Nkhosa", "Lokongola Nkhosa," "The wamba ndi Mtsinje" ndi ena. Koma tisaiwale kuti, akuseka predation, mphulupulu za dongosolo lonse chikhalidwe, amene walimbikitsa mokondera kupondereza misa, Krylov anaona njira yothetsera vuto limeneli, thangwi iye atawira kuti Zionetsero anthu sikungakuthandizeni. Ichi chinali malo wolemba mu nthano za. Tanthauzo kumusonyeza izi Krylov nthawi kufunsidwa, ankakhulupirira kuti anali sangathe.

Akuseka mitundu yonse ya mundondomeko owolowa manja a boma, wosasamalira iwo monga misonkhano nyama msonkhano kuphunzira zambiri za nkhandwe, maloto kukhala nkhosa mkulu, Ivan A. limati anali maganizo a nkhosa pa lomaliza pa izi "msonkhano" ndi "anaiwala" kuphunzira ( " kusonkhana chidziko "). Otsatidwa ndi mapeto zowawa - ngati mphamvu yochokera kwa "anthu oipa", kuti aliyense, mungapeze njomba kupanga "luso lokonza", pomwe iwo akufuna.

Chosalungama ndi kusaweruzika, malinga fabulist wa - zotsatira osati za makhalidwe achinyengo, koma dongosolo la ndale, lotsogoledwa ndi mfumu. Ichi ndi udindo wolemba mu nthano za. Choncho, kwambiri amaigwira odzipereka kwa Mfumu, Leo, chithunzi ndi zochita zomwe bwino sikukutanthauza Alexander Ine ndi kusintha wake.

"Nsomba Dance"

Dziwani, poyamba pa zonse, ndi nthano, "Nsomba Dance". Limanena za Mfumu Leo, amene anaganiza poyankha madandaulo za akuchita kusaweruzika nokha kupita ku malo ndi kuyang'ana pa dongosolo alipo. Pa njira wakumana wamba-meya, amene ati kumanga moto ndi mwachangu mu izo nsomba zokodwa mu madzi. Atafunsidwa Leo zimene iye anali kuchita, munthu akanena kudzikuza, kuti Iye "ndi anthu mkulu pa madzi" ndipo anabwera kuno kudzamuthokoza Mfumu ndi ulendo.

meya osyasyalika igunda chandamale, ndipo Mfumu Leo saletsa mnyamata uyu kwa malpractice, koma amamvetsera mawu ake onyenga akulimbitsa mmene amasamalila anthu ake. Pali bwino ndikuganiza malo wolemba mu nthano za - amanena Alexander I, amene anakonda kuyenda dziko ndi mwakhungu anakhulupirira zonse anati ankatumikira wake kumunda.

kufanana Izi tinaonera ngakhale mu mabwalo boma kuti aletsa nthano ndi ololedwa kusindikiza yekha pokhapokha Leo anali wokongola Guardian anafotokoza kuti tsogolo la anthu. Komabe, tanthauzo la nthano ndi onse kuposa monga munthu kukhudzana mwayekha. Krylov anafuna kusonyeza khalidwe la lonse kuti chikhalidwe vuto, pamene mfumu apuma pa akuluakulu ake ndi chidwi ndi mavuto ndi wadzaoneni wa anthu.

"Zamawangamawanga Nkhosa"

Mu nthano ndi "nkhosa zamawangamawanga" Ivan Andreevich osachepera chiri sneers pa Alexander Ine, Ine poyera chinyengo chake chimene mwankhanza ndi zachinyengo Burke freethinkers, pamene mwachinyengo akufotokoza chifundo chake kwa anthu amene akuvutikawo.! Author udindo mu nthano ndi mandala, choncho pa zifukwa za ndale nawonso yoletsedwa, izo zimaikidwa atamwalira Krylov.

Ivan Andreyevich, ankanyoza mwankhanza wankhanza ndi nkhanza za Mfumu ndi anamuperekeza wake, sanaukitsidwa Komabe, ndi ambiri a dongosolo lino wosalungama, ndi ufumu wokha, koma ankafuna kukhala m'malo la maphunziro, kukhulupirira kuti ufumu akhoza chilungamo, malinga ndi malamulo wochenjera ndipo monga Wamkulu Koposa. Monga mphunzitsi woona, iye anali kuyesera kusintha dongosolo alipo mwa kuphunzitsa misa. Author udindo mu nthano nthawizonse poyera, ngakhale allegorically.

Maphunziro ntchito ya nthano

nthano Krylov mu mtima mwawo, osati monga satirist, amene amalimbana ndi kupanda ungwiro kwa dongosolo boma. Iye anali kukhulupirira kuti langizo zikhoza kusintha kwa makhalidwe abwino anthu, kotero ntchito zake pali makhalidwe abwino. Ivan A. poyera zachabechabe, indolence, ulesi, umbuli, kudzitukumula, chinyengo, kudzikuza, wamantha, dyera. Iye amapanga zosangalatsa anthu osati amene ankafuna kuti apindule likuvutika ena, komanso mitundu yonse ya idlers ndi bunglers.

Monga Trishka chitsanzo kupusa reshape yokha odula ( "Trishkin malaya"), Miller, amene kusasamala anatsogolera chakuti iye anali "madzi damu prososala" Tengelelani, amene analephera ntchito, choncho anawononga ambiri birch, Hazel ndi Elm.

"Elephant ndi Pug"

Mu nthano "Chitamba ndi Pug" Galu chifaniziro likuimira anthu amene amakonda lengezani okha, ngakhale kwenikweni zimatheka chilichonse. Elephant chithunzi amapereka ulemerero ndi ubwino wa munthu limaimira. Ichi ndi udindo wolemba mu nthano Krylov a "The Elephant ndi chilolo-agalu." Elephant chisamaliro amene azimukonda iye, barks, wags mchira wake. Kufotokozera Shawky, Pug akamuuza iye kuti ngakhale barks pa njovu, kwenikweni zoyesayesa zake si wopita kwa izo - iwo akuuzidwa pa agalu ena. Kotero iye akufuna kuti tisangalatse iwo, kusonyeza kuti palibe mantha, ngakhale njovu. N'zosadabwitsa mu moyo zinthu zimenezi kwenikweni akhoza kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi. Krylov anatha kuonetsa mmene chodabwitsa kupusa khama chilolo-agalu ndi mmene agalu ndinu opusa, yozungulira, atenga tsenga izi sanatanthauziridwe. Author udindo mu nthano "Chitamba ndi Pug" ndi kuti ngakhale anthu ngati chilolo-agalu, ndipo zimakhala sangathe kulenga phokoso momuzungulira, anzeru nthawi zonse kumvetsa zomwe ndi ofunika.

"Choosy mkwatibwi"

Mu nthano "mkwatibwi choosy" Ivan Andreyevich anakwanitsa ochepa zikwapu enieni yosonyeza khalidwe lililonse kwambiri ndi oona. "Whimsical" whimsical mkwati ndi puffy. Iye amapanga amafuna ake chibwenzi potengera malamulo osalembedwa a yakale view anthu ukwati ndikupeleka. Kuti mkwatibwi, ngakhale "preznatnye" ofuna - "osati grooms ndi zhenishonki". Komanso amafuna kuti mkwati angathe akukonda ndipo sanayese n'komwe nsanje, muli ndi ufulu wonse kwa maudindo abwino.

The nthano kumveka mawu moyo magulu osiyanasiyana ndiponso strata chikhalidwe, omwe ali kamvekedwe yake ndi utoto, makamaka kulankhula. Fabulist akuonetsedwa oimira kudzinenera ambiri, malo osiyana anthu :. Alimi, nzika, amalonda, anthuŵa, abusa cabs, etc. Pofotokoza ena a iwo ntchito terminology akatswiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu nthano za "Malonda" ngwazi m'mawu ake, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu akatswiri slang, komanso colloquialisms zazing'ono-bourgeois ( "kutha", "sotnyazhka", "lama fuyusi", "olushek" neri Al.). Komabe, zitsanzo zimenezi wa Ivan Andreyevich akadali ndithu osowa, makamaka ntchito chinenero dziko Chuma chake zimatheka ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo phraseology.

Krylov, mmodzi wa oyamba limadziwika lonse (pali olemba mu malingaliro). Ambiri a nthano zake pa moyo wa Ivan Andreyevich amasuliridwe m'zinenero European. Tsopano amadziwika ndi okondedwa ndi anthu ambiri CIS, olankhula zinenero zoposa makumi asanu osiyana. Nthano kuwerenga akulu ndi ana omwe.