Banja la nyemba - chikhalidwe, mankhwala, chakudya ndi luso zomera

A mbali yofunika kwambiri zomera za woyendera nthambi kotentha ndi kotentha kupanga nyemba. Izi ndi banja mwachilungamo lalikulu la maluwa zomera monga 700 genera ndi mitundu osachepera 17 chikwi. Amakhala subfamilies atatu: caesalpinioideae, Mimosa n'kumachita nyemba (gulugufe). Ndi mphesa ndi udzu, zitsamba ndi boma zitsamba, mitengo. Ndipo m'lifupi mwake kufala kwa iwo Udindo chachiwiri pambuyo dzinthu.

Masamba a zomera ndi achipembedzo zonse ndi zovuta: palmate, pinnate ndi ternate, makamaka ndi stipules. maluwa awo amakhala bisexual, osasamba ndi kukula mu inflorescences. The mbewu za zomera leguminous ndi nyongolosi mwachindunji ndi lalikulu, makamaka popanda endosperm. Koma chipatso cha iwo - kumene, Bob. Banja la nyemba ali mwangwiro ndinazolowera zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. zikhalidwe Awa sredoobrazovatelyami ambiri mbewu m'madera.

A subfamily waukulu wa nyemba ndi gulugufe. Pamafunikanso zosiyanasiyana chikhalidwe, chakudya, yokongola ndi mankhwala. Aliyense akudziwa nyemba monga nyemba, nandolo kapena soya chomwecho. Izi zomera pachaka, kukula iwo mu kasinthasintha masamba mbewu. Iwo ali olemera mu mavitamini, mapuloteni, chakudya, mchere salt wa phosphorous, potaziyamu, magnesium ndi calcium. Ndipo chakudya ali oyenera okhwima ndi mwana mbewu ya nyemba, komanso thumba losunga mazira wamng'ono wa zipatso kapena ngolo-mtundu tsamba. Koma iwo akhoza zamzitini kapena kudyedwa atsopano.

Mwachitsanzo, nyemba, membala wa banja legume, ali oposa 200 mitundu. Ndipo oposa 20 mwakula monga Tirigu. mitundu yonse ya mwachirengedwe m'magulu. Kwa gulu Asian zikuphatikizapo mitundu yaing'ono-seeded wa legume ndi (nyemba okhota, golide). Gulu lachiwiri limapangidwa ndi American krupnosemennye mitundu. Izi ambiri-flowered nyemba, aquifolium, wamba ndi zina zotero.

Komanso mu banja la nyemba monga soya. Ndipo lero, mayiko onse anayamba kuona ngati mmodzi wa mbewu kwambiri zingamuthandize cha m'ma 21. Ndipo kukula izo tsopano pafupifupi yonse. ku Asia kwaiye pa soya makamaka okha ndi ntchito. Chabwino, United States wavala msika dziko chochuluka nyemba izi. Mu Russia, nayenso, kukhala ndi mafakitale mbewu imeneyi. Ndipo mbewu yake yaikulu ndi anaikira mu dera Amur ndi Krasnodar Gawo.

Soya ndi lofunika kwambiri ndi wapadera chakudya mankhwala. Lili 45% mapuloteni ndi mafuta 23%, komanso shuga, carotene, mchere ndi pectin. Komanso, soya lonse ndi kasupe mavitamini B, P, PP, E, K ndi C. The mapuloteni mu nyemba amene munali nthawi 14 kuposa nyama nkhuku, nthawi 3.5 kuposa ng'ombe. Komabe, mapuloteni izi bwino chosakanikirana ndi thupi, monga madzi sungunuka. ndi kwa amino asidi zili akadakwanitsira, ndipo thupi iwo kuchita popanda mafuta m'thupi. The mafuta soya muli zambiri unsaturated mafuta zidulo, amene amagwiritsidwa mosavuta digested ndi kuteteza thupi ku matenda.

Back mu banja legume zikuphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana udzu forage, monga clover. zomera ali zosachepera 200 mitundu. Ndipo mmodzi wa iwo - ndi clover Zophatikiza. Iye si chakudya udzu, ndi uchi wabwino zomera, ndi zomera mankhwala. Mbali nthaka ya clover, kudula pa maluwa, ochiritsa ntchito ngati njira chifuwa, zilonda zapakhosi ndi angina. Monga asing'anga ankagwiritsa ntchito pa zofuna zawo wofiira clover. Mwatsopano madzi a zomera ndi osambitsidwa ndi chifuwa diso, ndi masamba wosweka umagwiritsidwa ntchito suppurating mabala, zilonda ndi khungu yopsereza. Monga wowerengeka mankhwala amagwiritsa, ndi zina zomera.

Komanso mu banja legume zikuphatikizapo mbewu mafakitale, monga sunn. Ndi mtundu wa zomera monga udzu osatha ndi pachaka ndi zitsamba ndi boma zitsamba. Ndipo mu mtundu zimenezi zimaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 500 kukula makamaka m'madera otentha. Mwachitsanzo, sunn Sitnikov, amene amadziwika ngakhale ndi mayina monga chamba ndi chamba. Ku chikhalidwe wakale kupanga kupota zingwe, chingwe, burlap, maukonde ndi matanga. Ndiponso ntchito yopanga mapepala zapaderazi.