Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich - Russian Arctic wofufuza: yochepa yonena

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma mmodzi wotsiriza wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zokhudzana ndi kuphunzira kwa Arctic, anali chitukuko cha kumpoto Nyanja Route, amene amalola kuchepetsa njira navigation ziwiya pakati pa gawo European dziko lathu ndi Far East. Mwa anthu amene anapereka miyoyo yawo chifukwa kukhazikitsa pulogalamu anali Russian wapaulendo Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich (1884-1914), yemwe dzina lake ndi kosatha mbiri ya sayansi Russian.

Woyenera Scion yaulemerero mabanja Russian

Tsogolo Arctic wofufuza anabadwa May 19, 1884 mu Odessa mu banja la mkulu wa Russian apanyanja, tsogolo asilikali Lev Alekseevich Brusilov. dzina lawo amanyadira malo mu mbiri za dziko, ndi okwanira kuti aganizirenso amalume George L. - Alexei - chikudziwika ngati ngwazi za First World nkhondo, anatsogolera wotchuka yojambula la asilikali Russian.

Kulembetsa 1903 pa Naval Cadet Corps, patapita zaka ziwiri mnyamata analimbikitsidwa kuti kaye akapitawo, ndi pa Chirasha Japanese nkhondo utumiki anapitiriza zombo za squadron ya Far East. Komabe, ntchito yake woona sanali osiyanitsidwa njira, ndipo ntchito kafukufuku.

Zinachitikira kafukufuku loyamba

Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich poyamba anaonekera mu Arctic Circle mu 1910, akutengedwa ndi maulendowa hydrographic, amene ntchito anali chitukuko cha kumpoto Nyanja Route. Pa kutaya asayansi panali awiri Chombo "Taimyr" ndi "Vaigach". Kupita kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo m'mphepete mwa nyanja nyanja Arctic, maulendowa anasonkhana kwambiri kuchuluka kwa deta sayansi kuti, kozizira pa mapu kudzadza unknowns ambiri pamaso pa zilumba ndipo m'mavuto. George L. nawo chipilala ntchito yovutayi anamukwiyira dzina lake polemekeza ake yowunikira, kuvala Cape Dezhnev - pa nsonga chokhala la Russia ndi lonse la Europe ndi ku Asia.

dongosolo wolimba mtima

Yofalitsa unafotokoza za Maulendo ofufuza lopambana yachilendo, monga Norwegians Raúl Amundsen ndi Fridtjof Nansen, komanso American Robert Piri ndi England Robert Scott, tinakakumana mu Russia ndi chidwi chachikulu. Posafuna kupereka kanjedza kuti chitukuko cha Kumpoto kwa alendo, ndipo ngati wapolisi woona Russian, kupweteka moyo mphamvu kutchuka, gl Brusilov, kutsatira chitsanzo cha anzake awiri G. Sedov ndi Rusanov, anaganiza bungwe ulendo wake.

Chimodzi mwa mavuto lalikulu kukwaniritsidwa polojekiti pathupi, monga nthawi zambiri zimachitika, kudziwa magwero a ndalama zake, monga ndalama chofunika ndithu ndi panokha Georgiy Lvovich analibe iwo. Komabe, njira anapezeka.

Mu 1912, iye anatenga tchuthi boma Brusilov analengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa kampani katundu olowa, amene phindu akuyembekezeka kubwezeretsedwanso kwa nyama kusaka, amene anali kulimbana ndi kulowera njira ya mamembala tsogolo la ulendo wa. Osati kupeza yankho la anthu ambiri, ndi wokonda molimba anatha Komabe, kutsimikizira achibale awo kukhala ma sheya hoda ake.

The ndalama aakulu anali amalume ake Boris Alekseevich Brusilov - Russia yaikulu Mwenechiroache mundu, ndi mkazi wake, wotchuka Anna Nikolaevna, apereka izi zokayikitsa kwambiri mfundo chuma view ntchitoyi ndi 90 zikwi rubles -. A ndalama yaikulu mu masiku amenewo.

Mavuto pa bolodi "St. Anna"

Choncho kuthetsa vuto la ndalama, Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich anapita ku England, kumene anagula m'ma dzanja Komabe, koma amphamvu kwambiri, chilikupita nthunzi bwalo. Iwo ankatchedwa "Blenkatra" koma kukhala pansi mbendera Russian, Kenako anadzatchedwa polemekeza Investor chachikulu cha ulendo wa - wotchuka Anna Nikolayevna dzina "St. Anna".

Ku St. Petersburg mlatho bwalo "Saint Anna" adachoka August 10, 1912 ndipo anasamukira ku mbali Nyanja Barents, kumene amasiya wake woyamba zinakonzedwa pafupi ndi kuthetsa ka Alexandrovsk pa-Murman (lero kumalo ozizira). Pali, kuyembekezera kulinganiza woyamba wa maulendowa pa mavuto aakulu. Pamene chombo anafika pa gombe, mbali yaikulu ya oyendetsa - ndi amalinyero angapo, dokotala sitimayo, ndipo choyipitsitsa cha zonse, ndi kuyenda panyanja - anakana kupitiriza kusambira.

zinthu sizinali bwino. Wa onse anakhala pa bolodi chombo, anthu asanu okha, osati kuwerenga Brusilov kwambiri ndi kuyenda panyanja chachiwiri Albanova (chithunzi wake imafalitsidwa m'munsimu), anali katswiri amalinyero, ndi dokotala anavomera kuchita udindo, anali kukhala nawo namwino. Komabe, ngakhale chirichonse, pa 10 September, ndi pa bolodi chakudya ndithu chakudya, "St. Anna" anapitiriza njira.

Mu ayezi ukapolo

Patapita mlungu umodzi, kufika Kara Nyanja chombo anatembenukira kwa ayezi Mzere olimba kuti adutsa zomwe iwo anakhoza ngakhale mu masiku khumi kuchokera ndime yopapatiza ndi madzi lotseguka. Koma ndiye, kwathunthu odzaza ndi ayezi, ofufuza anataya mwayi m'tsogolo ntchito chotengeracho. Choncho, October 10, 1912 anayamba awo pafupifupi zaka ziwiri kulowerera. Mwa chifuniro cha mphepo ndi mafunde, vmorzshee mu ayezi chombo, mmalo mwa Inde anakonza ina easterly, kusamukira ku kumpoto ndi kumpoto.

Mu June 1913 chombo china chinali kumpoto kwa Novaya Zemlya, ndipo akhoza kuona bwino patsogolo pa gawo ayezi pa nyanja, koma khama kudutsa kwa iye anali chabe, kusapeŵeka kwa yozizira chachiwiri linaonekera. Patapita miyezi ina sikisi chombo m'manja chigawo Franz Josef Land.

Pakhomo imfa

Pa nthawiyi, ngakhale kuti chakudya ndi mwina akhoza kudzaza likuvutika kusaka, tsiku lililonse bwino ankaona kuti alibe iwo. Pamwamba adalira kuopsezedwa ndi njala. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa bolodi itatha mafuta, zomwe Brusilov ulendo ntchito Kutentha ndi kuphika.

Mu masiku ano, anaganiza anthu onsewo kusiya Sitima kuyesa kuyenda pa ayezi kuwafika lapansi. Chimodzimodzi Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich anakhalabe pa "Saint Anne". Kodi chidamupangitsa iye kutenga lingaliro ili zoopsa okha, amakhalabe osadziwika. Mwina msilikali Russian, ndipo, kotero, munthu wa ulemu, iye sakanakhoza kupirira manyazi kugwirizana ndi ndalama mangawa. Mwina iye ankalota kudziwa kuti zochita zake likupita imfa anthu amene ankamutsatira. Mulimonsemo, oyendetsa anapereka popanda iyeyu.

Tsoka kwa gulu la "St. Anna"

Mosakayikira, pofuna kukwaniritsa gawo kumene kuli mwa nyanja ya udzatha basi ndipo ankaona ndi gulu ake okha mwayi zotsala. Monga poyamba Brusilov ulendo simukanati mulingalire kuyenda ndime, panalibe zipangizo moyenera ogwidwawo kwa iwo. Chifukwa, mabwato sleds ndi zovala ubweya anali kutulutsa okha, popanda chochitika zofunika ndi luso.

Komabe, kulibenso sanali, ndi April 23, 1914 adalira anasiya ngalawa. Wambiri Brusilov zoona, pa nkhani imeneyi kwambiri, namdula monga zambiri palibe amene moyo sanamuona. Koma anthu ena a ulendo wa, tsoka ambiri a iwo, panalibe zochepa zomvetsa chisoni.

Wosatha m'njira ayezi

Kupanga yoyenera kuzipenya zakuthambo ndi kufanizitsa zotsatira zawo ndi chuma pa mapu awo nazo, ofufuza anapeza kuti kuthetsa yapafupi iwo ndidzadutsa 160 Km. Komabe, paulendo wopita, iwo anagwetsa mu njira yobwerera ayezi, ndi chifukwa cha mtunda izi chawonjezeka kawiri ndi theka.

Komanso, kuchulukitsa kwa kusintha ndi kukula kwambiri kutupikana, chifukwa cha katundu onse akale anali kokha pang'ono crackers, ndi bwino osakwanira kubwezeretsanso mphamvu kudyedwa.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chiwerengero cha anthu amene anasiya ngalawa, pafupifupi onse anafa panjira. Zochitika anapulumuka yekha anatsogolera gulu Albanov kuyenda panyanja ndipo woyendetsa pa nyanja Conrad. Iwo, frostbitten ndipo sakonda moyo chifukwa cha kutopa, anatola ngalawa "St. Foka" mbali ya ulendo wa GY Sedov.

kufufuza zinalephereka

Chifukwa chakuti ndi chiyambi cha anthu 1914 akusowa ndiwo anawerengedwa mwakamodzi atatu Russian ulendo kumalo ozizira - GY Sedov, VA Rusanov, ndi kutsogozedwa ndi Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich, choncho ndiyenera kumveka yaikulu mu dziko kuti umboni wa bungwe atangochimwa kusaka anapatsidwa mwachindunji nduna. Chifukwa ichi mwezi anayi exploratory chotengera m'nyanja.

Ndi nthawi kozizira pa mapu waperekedwa mwatsatanetsatane okwanira kuti analola mwadongosolo kuti kafukufuku m'madera ambiri ayenera kukhala ofufuza akusowa. Komanso, kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya dziko kupulumutsa opareshoni anali kudwala ndege kumalo ozizira. Seaplane Farman MF.11, piloted ndi woyendetsa Yanom Nagurskim anachita flights tsiku pa gombe la Novaya Zemlya ndi malo ake pafupi.

Kufunafuna inapitirira kwa zaka zitatu ndipo linasokonekera kokha mogwirizana ndi zochitika za ndale za chaka cha 1917. Pezani bwalo la "Saint Anna", kapena zotsala za izo, sikunali kotheka. Only kwambiri kenako mu 2010, mtsogoleri wa National Park "Onega Pomorie" maulendowa kuti Franz Josef Land unapangidwa bungwe, amene anatha kuona mtembo anthu kuoneka wa mmodzi wa mamembala a gulu Albanova.

afterword

Ngakhale zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni za ulendo, Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich, kanthawi mbiri imene inali maziko a m'nkhaniyi, wapanga chopereka ena kuphunzira kozizira. Chifukwa zipangizo zimene zoperekedwa kwa Academy of Sciences wopulumuka Albani anakwanitsa kwakukulukulu dongosolo deta poyamba analipo mafunde m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kulongosolerana malire a alumali chokhala, komanso kuvala ndi m'madzi chute khadi amatchedwa "St. Anna".