Belka ndi Strelka - galu choyamba mu mlengalenga, zomwe anabwerera ku Earth moyo

Belka ndi Strelka - galu choyamba mu mlengalenga. Mawu amenewa wasanduka axiom, koma kwenikweni pali chinyengo mbiri. The galu woyamba amene analowa kanjira anali Laika. Koma iye anafa chifukwa kutenthetsa mwachindunji mu m'mlengalenga. Woyamba galu danga, Belka ndi Strelka, osati mwangwiro kulephereka ndege, koma anabweranso Earth moyo.

Poyamba - ntchentche

Ndipo komabe, kukhala zolondola mwamtheradi, woyamba amene analoŵa mu mlengalenga, anali ... kuwuluka Drosophila. Iwo anapezerapo kanjira kumbuyo mu 1935. Koma zilombo izi sizinali zokwanira kuthandiza asayansi. Zinali n'kofunika kutumiza mu kanjira magazi ofunda nyama kuona mmene thupi zinthu m'mikhalidwe ndiwachabe ndi overloads kwambiri.

amafuna okhwima

Belka ndi Strelka - galu choyamba mu mlengalenga, ndi chithunzi chimene anayenda mozungulira onse manyuzipepala dziko ndi magazini. Koma agalu chombo asilikali anali wotchuka kwambiri, ndi pamaso panu kukhazikitsa iwo mu kanjira, iwo kuwasankha.

Zofunika amodzi: kulemera thupi la nyama anali kukhala osapitirira 7 makilogalamu, ndi kukula sayenera upambana 35 masentimita. Komanso, iwo anayenera kukhala ndi mtima wodekha ndi moyenera khalidwe, mkulu kupirira ndi otsika kwambiri nkhawa.

Pedigree agalu pa udindo wa chombo sanali bwino - osati kuti ambiri a iwo akhala effeminate khalidwe, chifukwa kusiyana ndi fastidious lalikulu. Atafufuza, asayansi apanga chisankho - danga mukufuna kutumiza maonekedwe achirendo yosokera agalu, zomwe zili mu nurseries. Iwo akwaniritsa zonse.

Choncho Belka ndi Strelka, galu choyamba mu mlengalenga, ngakhale, ndipo anali ndi pedigree kwambiri, koma anapita mu mbiri ya malo dziko.

Wokongola maonekedwe akatswiri

Ife kuganizira musanayambe mfundo zotsatirazi. Patapita chombo zinayi miyendo adzakhala ndi zambiri kuti angabweretse kutsogolo kwa ojambula ndi ojambula madzulo a ndege, makamaka pambuyo. maonekedwe abwino komanso anachita kusankha ofuna udindo waukulu.

Friendly, wanzeru ndiponso ochezeka - kotero kuti galu choyamba mu malo Belka ndi Strelka anali kuyang'ana. Chidwi mfundo m'mbiri - m'malo mivi kuuluka ndithu anakonza galu wina. Koma iye anali kupindika ka miyendo. Ndipo pa siteji womalidza ake anakana chifukwa cha chilema wamng'ono uyu.

Chisoni tsoka la Laika

Ngakhale ambiri a ife takhala waikamo mu chikumbu kuti Belka ndi Strelka - galu choyamba mu mlengalenga, koma iwo sanali apainiya. The galu yoyamba imene anatera danga anali Laika. Iye pamodzi ndi makina zinakhazikitsa anapanga 4 ankasinthana padziko lonse. Koma kukhota lachisanu la nyama sindikanakhoza kupirira ndi zimamuchulukira ndi kumwalira kutenthedwa. Zimenezi chili zipangizo zimene zimafalitsa nkhani ndi imfa "woyendetsa" ndi Mission Control Center. Ilili si kutsikira pansi. Iye anatenga wina 2370 yozungulira kusintha, ndipo patatha miyezi 5, anatenthedwa mu mlengalenga.

Iwo anabwerera moyo

Pamaso ndege ya Belka ndi Strelka danga anaulukira agalu 18. Onse a iwo anafa - wina ku nkhawa, amene ku kutenthedwa, mmodzi wa overloads wamphamvu. The galu choyamba mu mlengalenga, Belka ndi Strelka, mtundu Anthu ambiri yodziwika ndi mawu m'thupi "dvorterer" kubwerera ku moyo. Ndicho chifukwa chake iwo analowa mbiri ngati ofufuza woyamba wa chilengedwe cha.

Iwo anakhala wotchuka amene anawapempha kuti zochitika zosiyana ndi zikwi za anthu ndalota kujambulidwa ndi nthano ino moyo. Komabe, zonse anachenjeza kuti anambwa kuluma, ngati iwo ali kuonetsa chidwi kwambiri. Ndipotu, anakhoza osati kwambiri thupi, komanso kuima okha.

otchulidwa osiyana

Ngakhale pa maphunziro, pamene galu adakhala centrifuges, anayesedwa pa shaker, ndi mizinda chatsekedwa ofufuza anazindikira kuti khalidwe "gulu" awiriwa osiyana.

Muvi anali circumspect ndi wosamala, ndi mapuloteni, chirichonse chinkawoneka amakhumudwa. Atalowa weightlessness, muvi nthawi zonse kuyang'ana pozungulira ngati osadziwa chimene chinali kuchitika kwa iye.

Mapuloteni zinthu ngati mwachibadwa ndipo anasonyeza chidwi. Iye anawomba nsalu mozungulira ndi anawuwa merrily. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, kumayambiriro kwa agalu awiri anawuwa akudumphadumpha. Asayansi anatenga chizindikiro ichi monga chizindikiro chabwino. Pambuyo Laika pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa spacecraft zinakhazikitsa howled ngati pokonzekera imfa yake.

Moyo pambuyo ndege

A okwana Mapuloteni ndi muvi anali ndiwachabe ochepa masiku - maola 15 Mphindi 44. Izo zinachitika August 19, 1960. Iwo anafika makilomita 10 kuchokera mfundo wopita, koma ambiri Chofunika - iwo ali moyo! Mwa njira, kuuluka mu danga Belka ndi Strelka simuli nokha. Pamodzi ndi iwo analowa kanjira dera wamoyo ndi mbewa ochepa, tizilombo, komanso ena zomera, bowa ndi mbewu.

Asayansi ankaphunzira nyama osati pamaso ndege, komanso pambuyo. Kodi weightlessness mphamvu pa matupi awo, palibe zolephera ziwalo zina. Chidwi funso ndi momwe angathe agalu amenewa kubereka? Ndipo muvi sanamugwiritse Iye mwala. Kawiri iye achire, ndipo aliyense mwana wagalu anali pa yambiri. Anthu ambiri pa dziko lapansi ndimakonda kukhala agalu m'nyumba, yemwe makolo ake anali mu mlengalenga. Amadziwika kuti CPSU, Nikita Khrushchev panokha anapereka imodzi Zhaklin Kennedi ana agalu Mlembi General.

Kuchokera kumbali-ins - ngwazi

Ndipotu, woyamba mu danga chombo-Kanema "Vostok" zinakonzedwa kutumiza mbalameyi ndi Chanterelle. Kalanga, roketi ndi awa chombo zinayi miyendo linaphulika mu mlengalenga popanda mu kanjira.

Choncho, Launch mu danga la Belka ndi Strelka anali mosamalitsa wachinsinsi. Izo zinali kokha pambuyo ankafika bwino mfundo imeneyi, pamene agalu moyo anabwerera ku Earth, ambiri kulengeza. Ndipo dziko lonse tsopano amadziwa kuti Belka ndi Strelka - woyamba okhalapo aluntha amene anapita mu mlengalenga ndipo anabwerera moyo.