Bowa "zala za mdierekezi" maonekedwe, kumene ilo limakula ndi chidwi mfundo

Zimachitika kuti chikhalidwe cha masitolo awo mwadzidzidzi adamtsegulira, ndi kuwala kwa tsiku pali zosaneneka, ngakhale eerie zomera, zomwe anthu ochepa mukudziwa. Ena a iwo safuna kukwera mapiri apamwamba kapena adzatsika mu kuya kwa nyanja. Ngakhale pa bowa zawo zamatsenga ndi zachilendo. Anthu ambiri pa kutchulidwa kwa iwo ndi boron, chimene flaunts phesi wonenepa kapena boletus agaric mwa masamba. Koma bowa ufumu waukulu zosiyanasiyana: kuchokera tosaoneka ndi nthawi yaikulu.

Koma mwa iwo ndi zachilendo kwambiri. nkhalango Russian tinganene kulibe vuto ndithu. Tikhoza kukwaniritsa bowa wamba, edible ndi inedible. Koma ngati zichitika kukhala mu nkhalango zotentha, angapezeke ngati kuti amatchedwanso ndi bowa, koma chilakolako imodzi yokha - kuthawa.

ndi nanga? Pafupifupi kanema wa "Alendo"

Ndipo ine sindikukhulupirira maso anga, chifukwa zonse zimene zikuoneka kuti falitsani wa yopeka. Apa akunama chabe pansi pa tuber, pang'ono monga mbatata, ndipo pa nthawi udzu zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo wofiira tentacles minofu kuti anamasulidwa ku izo. Ndipo nthawi zonse zikuoneka kuti miyendo awa wokondeka ndinakugwirani tsopano. The choonetsedwa, moona, ankalumidwa.

Koma palibe kufunika nkhawa. Chifukwa ndi cholengedwa zoopsa kwenikweni bowa lapansi. Choncho wabadwa tsvetohvostnik akaponya (Clathrus archeri) wa mtundu Reshetochnik banja phallaceae - ". Zala za mdierekezi" bowa Angamvetse izi ndani kuti maonekedwe a izo si zogwirizana ndi dzina lake.

Ndipo komabe ndi bowa!

Mu clathrus archeri kwambiri maina, koma wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo "zala mdierekezi." Awa ndi tentacles wa mithunzi ofiira omwe, ngati sucker ndi nyamayi tentacles, pali wakuda muzochitika (choncho dzina lina - "bowa nyamayi"). Izi pellets wakuda - Gleba emitting yoola fungo nyama yoola.

Achikulire bowa "Mdyerekezi zala" ndi oipitsitsa. mtundu yowala Mwamsanga, ndi kukhala yoopsa wotumbululuka dzanja, ngati muli kuchokera mmanda. Amakambirana kuti istochat, mofananira fungo la lawola thupi. Iwo amaitana tizilombo kufalikira spores mafangasi pa mtunda wautali.

anachita pamene bowa oopsa?

Kodi ndi kumene inathetsedwa zoopsa bowa "mdierekezi zala"? Kodi ilo limakula? Choyamba anafotokoza mu Tasmania ndipo posachedwapa anaonekera mu Australia, ndipo anatsatira pambuyo ndi New Zealand, Africa, Central ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, America South, Saint Helena ndi Mauritius.

Europe amaona kuti mlendo. Palibe amene akudziwa nthawi yeniyeni kulowa apa. Amaganiza kuti anabweretsedwa ku France mwangozi penapake pakati pa 1914 ndi 1920 ku Australia, ndipo mwina New Zealand, pamodzi ndi ubweya, anapereka kwa zosowa za makampani nsalu. Kapena mwina spores ake anali kuno ndi asilikali Australia, mamembala a zochita nkhondo dera la French mu First World nkhondo. Ngakhale anabwera ndi mwayi, iye acclimated bwino. Ndi chodabwitsa kuyang'ana bowa Australia "zala za mdierekezi."

Ndipo apa pali chifukwa

Kuyambira cha m'ma 30 anapezazo lowopsya zopezeka mu Europe. Iwo ankaganiza makamaka Vosges mapiri kum'mawa France, pafupifupi pafupi ndi malire Swiss ndi German, iyo ndi kufalitsa mopitirira mu Germany (mu 1937), Switzerland (1942), England (mu 1945), Austria (mu 1948), Czech Republic (mu 1963). Patatha zaka 60, bowa kale katswiri Baltic gombe. Izi zimachitika mwachilungamo msanga. "The zala za mdierekezi," kowopsa kwambiri mu bowa dziko, kukumana zambiri ku Spain kumadzulo kwa Poland ndi Ukraine kum'mawa, ku UK ndi Scandinavia kumpoto kum'mwera kwa maiko Balkan.

The kupeza loyamba la Soviet Union, chilemba Kazakhstan (Aktobe dera) mu 1953, lotsatira - mu Carpathians Chiyukireniya 1977. Izi otentha chilombo kukumana, kawirikawiri ngakhale kwambiri, mu Russia. N'zotheka kuti iye anabweretsa pano ndi nthaka ndi mbande, koma m'madera ena kum'mwera ndi chapakati akwanitsa mizu. Choncho, zinthu zochepa zokha pamene clathrus archeri anagwira diso la bowa, chilemba Sverdlovsk (1978) ndi Kaluga zigawo (2000s).

Bowa "zala za mdierekezi" ndi anazolowera moyo mwa nkhalango wosanganiza ndi mitundu imene bwinobwino mizu mu humus nthaka ndi lawola nkhuni mchenga wa mchipululu ndi theka chipululu. Iye akuyamba pachimake ku August mpaka mapeto a October. Iwo akukumana bowa yosowa kwambiri, koma akhoza ambiri ndithu, ngati nyengo kulola.

Bowa "zala za mdierekezi": kufotokoza

archeri bowa clathrus ngakhale kutchedwa lachinyengo. Ndipo onse chifukwa poyamba iye amanamizira kuti ndi toadstool yochitidwa, ambiri wamba unremarkable. Izi imakhudzanso siteji pamene izo ziri mu mawonekedwe a mazira masentimita 4 mpaka 6 awiri. Pamene bowa ndi anamwazikana kudutsa m'nkhalango, mutha kuganizira za iwo onse, ngakhale kuonedwa kuti cholengedwa mlendo.

Ndipo kwenikweni, dzira ali ndi dongosolo multilayer:

• peridium - topsheet;
• mucosa, kuti zikuchokera akufanana zakudya;
• pachimake pa chomwe retseptakula (kodi pamakhala a mtundu wofiira) ndi pakati pa Glebe (spore mwankhanza wosanjikiza).

Koma nthawi ikamapita, ndipo iwo anayamba kukula. The choonetsedwa si zochepa woopsya pamene kunja kwa wosweka chipolopolo dzira kwenikweni zimatha kuyambitsa kuti pamakhala eyiti. Poyamba, zinaphatikizidwa pamwamba, koma posakhalitsa mofulumira kwambiri tasiyana amafanana masamba, kapena ngakhale tentacles, ngati nyamayi ndi.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi "ndege" fanizo adzapambana kwambiri. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nyamayi, kuyenda kuchokera ku Africa wina ndi mzake, monga clathrus archeri m'zaka otsiriza zana? M'kupita bowa anapeza mawonekedwe khalidwe la nyenyezi kapena duwa za masentimita 15 m'mimba mwake. Mkati mwa pamakhala amafanana wamakwinya porous chinkhupule ndi njira, ndi Chimaona ndithu, ndi mawanga mdima, ngati suckers nyamayi. Iwo anaphimba ndi mucous Sporebearing Glebe, amene Umutu ndi gwero la kununkha mumamva. Koma amaitana ntchentche bwinobwino. Ndipo tizilombo kufalikira kwa miyendo yake mikangano chinjoka chimenechi kuzungulira dera. N'zoona kuti spore kufalitsa ndisakhale wotchuka kwambiri mwa zina njira bowa, koma ndithu zothandiza.

Chidwi bowa "zala za mdierekezi" alibe mwendo zoonekeratu. Ndipo akutuluka dzira amakhala masiku awiri kapena atatu okha, ndiyeno umafota ndipo limafa. Koma izi kochepa chikukwanira ntchito za ntchito yake - posamutsa mbewu kupitiriza mpikisano.

Bowa "zala za mdierekezi" - ndi edible kapena ayi?

Ndithudi, funso chidwi. Choncho kaya n'zotheka kudya chilengedwe zodabwitsa "zala za mdierekezi"? bowa ndi zotheka! Ngakhale munthu wolimba munthu California amene anatenga chitsanzo siteji dzira. Kulawa kunapezeka, kuziyika izo modekha, wovuta kwambiri, ndi kumverera atalawa si zabwino, koma wosaiwalika.

Ngati muli zinthu kupulumuka, monga mu chipululu, ndipo palibe zakudya zina, ndiye nayenso adye. Siumafa cha njala! Nthawi zina zonse, amaona inedible.

pafupifupi achibale

Pamene onse wapadera ndi otherness mu okhala nkhalango, pali mitundu m'malo pafupi ndi ofanana:

• Tsvetohvostik Chijavanisi (Pseudocolus fusiformis syn. Anthurus javanicus). Angapezeke mu nkhalango ya Primorsky Krai. Pitani ku Nikitsky botanical munda (mwina kwinakwake) ndipo mudzapeza mu mphika uliwonse komwe anabzala zomera. Kumasiyana ku oponya mivi pamakhala, converging pa pamwamba pa.
• Red Reshetochnik (Clathrus ruber). bowa Ichi ndi chosowa kwambiri.
• Veselka vulgaris (Hallus Impudicus). Mu boma dzira amalembedwa kufanana kwambiri. Kumasiyana ku "zala" kuwadula chabe, mu Veselka ndi wobiriwira.

Moyo "Mdyerekezi Zala" mu World Lonse Web

Bowa clathrus archeri, kapena "mdierekezi zala", ndi zachilendo kwambiri kuti aliyense amene wakumana naye, amafuna kugwila akuona zodabwitsa. Ndi Internet anasefukira zosiyanasiyana zithunzi za mtundu chilombo, koma kwenikweni basi bowa mu magawo onse a moyo wake waufupi, mazira atabalalika nkhalango zobiriwira, kuti wotumbululuka, pafupifupi woyera "manja akufa munthu" kwala pansi, monga ngati kuswa kuchokera mmanda kudzera dziko strata.

Maonekedwe choyamba cha zithunzi wake pa Internet chifukwa kutsutsana kwambiri pakati pa World ogwiritsa Lonse Web. Mfundo ndi maganizo osiyana: kuti cholengedwa ndi chiyambi zakuthambo, monga tikuonera chithunzi mazira amene Ndisanaumbidwe akufotokozera tiziromboti, kapena kuti ambiri chithunzi montage, osati zenizeni.

Zosiyanasiyana "loyang'anizana" clathrus archeri

Ife amene kuyang'ana pa cirengo ici pa dziko lapansi pali mayanjano. Wina amaona cacti, munthu - cuttlefish, kwa ena akufanana ndi nyenyezi kapena maluwa, ndi munthu pompopompo m'maganizo tentacles nyamayi.

Motero ambiri ndi ngati maina osiyana ndi limene iye anali akutchedwa:

• "Zala za mdierekezi"
• "Mdyerekezi zala"
• "Ferris dzira"
• "Bowa nyenyezi"
• "Chauve nyanga nyamayi"
• "Bowa-Cuttlefish"
• "Onunkha nyanga.

Clathrus archeri (Clathrus archeri) - etymology

Clathrus amatanthauza "bawuti loko" kapena "yosungirako selo". mawu Archeri amachokera ku dzina la Irish mycologist William akuponyera.

Zolemba pa ulendo chilombo ku Ulaya

• Ukraine. Clathrus archeri kutchulidwa Red Book mitundu pangozi. Monga chasandulika mwambo kuyambira 1977, malipoti a msonkhano naye ndipo analandira lero ku Transcarpathian, kawirikawiri Ivano-Frankivsk dera. Pafupifupi onse anapezazo olembedwa m'dera nkhalango, malo otsetsereka pamalo okwera mamita 800 pamwamba pa nyanja.
• Germany. Bowa clathrus archeri, kapena "mdierekezi zala", zikupezekera zambiri, kuyambira mu 1937 iye anali woyamba anatulukira. Ndipo komabe iye kutchulidwa Red Book.

• Czech Republic, Karlovy Siyanitsani Region. Pafupi ndi malire a mzinda kakang'ono otetezeka m'dera kubisala mitundu yosowa ya nyama ndi zomera. Ngakhale pafupifupi pachaka kutentha ndi okha 6 ° C, silinafike chinalepheretsa kotentha clathrus archeri ana kuthetsa m'madera amenewa. A nkhuni kuvunda kwa zakudya ndi kukula mokwanira.
• UK. Apa bowa "mdierekezi zala" (clathrus archeri) - inasonyeza osowa. Ndipo mitundu yekha ndi amene akhoza kusokonezedwa - izo Clathrus ruber. Koma pali chikhulupiriro chimene zotsatira za likutentha akhoza kwambiri ambiri mwiniwakeyo. Musakayikire kuti sanali yaitali kukhala padera. Chitsimikizo cha ichi ndi maonekedwe ake zoopsa ndi lonunkha.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, bowa clathrus archeri, kapena "zala mdierekezi", anafotokoza 1860 ndi British mycologist Michael Dzhozef Berkli nampatsa dzina Lysurus archeri. Kenako bowa lodabwitsa anatumizidwa ku mtundu Clathrus wina Briton Malcolm Donald Dring mu monograph wake (1980). chilengedwe ichi zachilengedwe zinadziwika clathrus archeri, koma bwino kwambiri kudziwika pakati pa anthu otchedwa "zala mdierekezi."